Transfussion - menene wannan?

A kadan fiye da karni da suka wuce, Adam bai san na zama na daban-daban jini kungiyoyin. Game da RH factor, mun koyi abubuwa masu yawa daga baya, kawai 76 da suka wuce. Tun daga nan transfussion ya daina zama m cikin yanayi da ya zama kusan talakawa hanya ceton rayuka da haka mutane da yawa a duniya.

A kimiyya na transfussion

Transfussion - wannan shi ne daya daga cikin wurare na Hematology, da kimiyya na jini. Ta An karatu transfussion, canning, jini tsagawa baya, da sabuwar dabara na wucin gadi jini musanya, kazalika da magani daga yiwu matsaloli tare da transfussion da kuma bayan shi. Hematology da Transfusiology musamman - sun ci gaba rassan zamani magani. Wannan ba abin mamaki bane.

Domin Surgeons, m kula kwararru, obstetricians, anesthetists kuma dashi da fitowan da kuma ci gaban irin wannan kimiyya a matsayin Transfusiology - wannan shi ne mai babbar mataki a gaba.

A shekara ɗari da suka wuce, wani jini da aka yi amfani da kawai domin gaggawa da za mu iya ce, a matsayin karshe mafaka. A yanayi inda cutar ta cigaban, da kuma duk sauran likita ko m matakan kasa, likita da haƙuri iya kai hadarin. A haƙuri da likita ko da yaushe san cewa nasara kudi ne kamar daidaita da yiwuwar mutuwa.

Yau Transfusiology - shi ne wani zamani da kuma samun saurin bunkasuwar kimiyya. Yana can shi ne har yanzu da yawa daga binciken da kuma ƙirƙirãwa.

Basics transfussion

Dalili na kimiyya transfussion sa bude 1900 da kuma 1940 jini irin da RH factor. A sa'an nan da bil'adama koya kasancewar mutane a ƙasa tare da hudu daban-daban kungiyoyin:

• I - 0.
• II - A.
• III - B.
• IV - AB.

Kuma kasancewar biyu rhesus dalilai:

• M (Rh-).
• Korau (RH +).

Bugu da ari nazarin yarda domin sanin Sanadin mummunar a transfussion da kuma nuni karfinsu ginshiƙi a kan jini kungiyoyin (ga. Ƙasa).

jini kungiyar da kuma RH factor ba zai iya canza a kan rayuwa, ba ya dogara ne a kan tseren, jima'i, da kuma an gaji mutum halaye. Transfussion ne a tabbatar da sanar da likitoci don amfani da ilmi a kula da marasa lafiya a bukatar transfusions.

transfussion

Yau, da transfussion na mutum cikakke jini ba tare da yin amfani da kiyayewa da kuma karfafawa ne kusan ba amfani. Yafi amfani ga zama dole aka gyara na haƙuri ware fractionation hanya, musamman bi da mafi sau da yawa daskarewa. Platelet amfani, cushe ja da maikacin jini, jini, leukocytes tattara.

Dangane da shafin na gwamnati na jini da aka gyara, akwai da wadannan iri transfussion (jiko):

• Igiyar jini (ta jijiya).
• Intraarterially (via da jijiya).
• Intraosseous (a cikin jiki na haƙuri da kashi).
• Intracardiac (a cikin hagu ventricle kai tsaye a cikin zuciyata ko huda ta hanyar fata).
• Intrauterine (tare da RH-rikici ciki samar huda tayin a cikin mahaifa).

Lokacin da ka bukatar wani jini

Duk da nasarorin da babban asibiti kwarewa transfusions, wannan hanya yana dauke da wani tsanani transplantologicheskoy aiki da kuma iya ba da tabbacin cikakken babu rikitarwa da kuma kasada a cikin dogon lokaci.

Duk da haka, akwai bayyananne alamomi ga transfussion:

1. Alamu cikakkar (ba tare da bayarwa jini marasa lafiya a babban hadarin mutuwa, babu contraindications):

• m jini da asarar.
• Shock bayan rauni.
• m jihar (mutuwa na nama a kan Yunƙurin).

2. Alamu zumunta (ba tare da jini a haƙuri iya rayuwa, kuma da shi ne kawai wani ɓangare na magani da likita da kuma haƙuri ya kamata a hankali la'akari da yiwu contraindications, fahimta da m kasada da kuma sa ran sakamakon.)

• anemia saboda hemorrhage.
• kullum anemia a mataki cutar sankarar bargo.
• coagulation ciwo yada a cikin tasoshin.
• jini da asarar mafi girma daga 30%.
• take hakkin jini coagulation, ba amenable don magani.
• hemophilia, cirrhosis, m hepatitis, haddasa kasa jini clotting.
• jini da kuma ciwon daji wasu cancers.
• mai tsanani da guba.
• sepsis.

Lokacin da za ka iya ba jini?

Mai tsanani cututtuka na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini tsarin, da 2nd da 3rd matakai na Sistem gazawar, atherosclerosis, bugun jini, da tarin fuka, a cikin tsawon exacerbation, da hali ta samar da jini clots, asma, rheumatism, alerji, na huhu edema - duk kai tsaye contraindications for transfussion . Duk wani transfussion cibiyar ki yarda da marasa lafiya da irin wannan cututtuka da kuma bayar da shawarar ya nemi sauran, kasa m hanyoyi da magani.

hanya

A m da mãsu haƙuri a cikin Institute of Hematology da jini a cikin jini da aka dauka domin sanin irin da RH factor. Wannan m bayyanãwa analysis mafi yawa ana yi kai tsaye ga idanun mutane. Har ila yau, wani lokacin yayi nazari daidai da ganewar asali, da jini da aka dauka a kan wani asibiti bincike na auna jini, zuciya rate, yanayin jiki. Bayan da cewa yin nazarin halittu samfurori jituwa da mai karɓa da kuma jini da aka gyara da za a transfused. A jijiya daga cikin haƙuri ne gudanar game da 15 milliliters bangaren kuma lura da mayar da martani.

Idan duk ke da kyau, a paramedic shirya kunshe-kunshe da aka gyara (zafi ko defrost), da kuma haƙuri alamu takardun da ake bukata. Jini ya zuba bisa ga zaba Hanyar transfussion likita.

Bayan hanya da ake sa wa gado sauran, na yau da kullum dubawa na mai karɓa, da iko na jiki zafin jiki (har zuwa sau uku sa'a a lokacin da rana) da kuma yi jini da fitsari bincike.

Mene ne jini amfani ga transfussion

Hakika, da farko tushen jini domin kara aiki da kuma shirye-shiryen da aka gyara su ne masu bada taimako. Amma akwai wasu kafofin.

Sake yin fa'ida - shi ne na farko na duk jini daga wajen cibiya igiyar da Mahaifa. An tattara bayan da a haifi jariri. A cibiyarki igiyar da aka yanka, da sauran jini aseptically canjawa wuri zuwa wani musamman kwan fitila. Bayan kowane bayarwa tattara wani talakawan of 200 ml. Tare da saurin ci gaban kimiyya yanzu shawarar don adana shi ga 'ya'yansu a cikin na musamman bankuna. Ana sa ran cewa a nan gaba likitoci za su iya da za a bi da tare da cibiyarki igiyar jini a babbar dama cututtuka.

Cadaver - jinin lafiya mutane da kuma ba zato ba tsammani ya mutu (a sakamakon na bala'i da hatsarori, tsokar zuciya infarction, buga, cerebral hemorrhage, congestive zuciya rashin cin nasara, da dai sauransu). A shinge da aka yi ba daga baya fiye da awowi shida bayan mutuwa a cikin adadin daga daya zuwa hudu lita. Kada a yi amfani da jinin mutane da cututtuka, Oncology, HIV, da tarin fuka, syphilis, ya mutu daga dalma.

Autohemotransfusion - transfussion na baya kãma tsarkake haƙuri ta jini da shi ne. Shi ne kuma zai yiwu na ciki rauni, kuma m ciki na jini izlivshuyusya tattara jini a cikin jiki rami da kuma bayan tsarkakewa gudanar da haƙuri sake. Wannan hanya ita ce mafi amintacce, kamar yadda zame yiwuwar kin amincewa.

kyauta

Kowane asibiti a kasar mu ne kullum a bukatar jini. Shige da ake kira kwanaki na bayarwa, akwai mutum gudunmawa aiki masu bada taimako da ko da girmama gudunmawa, amma duk da haka, albarkatun ana sorely rasa.

Kowane zumunta kiwon lafiya na mazaunan kasar mu yana da shekaru 18 zuwa 55 suna iya shiga a cikin shirin, don taimaka da ceton rayuka. Wannan na bukatar da kawai ya shafi mafi kusa tashar na jini. Kafin wani jarrabawa da za'ayi kyauta (ciki har da syphilis, hepatitis da kuma kwayar cutar HIV). Mafi yawa daga cikin masu sa ba jini for free, amma akwai kuma kudi ihisani hanyoyin. All gudunmawa sami m-akai a kan ranar jini karin kumallo da abincin rana ko abincin dare, kudi diyya, kazalika da ƙarin fitarwa. A jini za a iya dauka a kowace makonni takwas, har zuwa sau biyar a shekara.

Research Institute of Hematology da jini da

Jini - a yau akwai da yawa a cikin asibiti hanyoyin. Amma a Rasha akwai Rasha Research Institute of Hematology da jini da FMBA, wanda aka dauke manyan cibiyoyin na kimiyya da kiwon lafiya cibiyoyin kasar. An located in St. Petersburg a 2 Sovetskaya titi, 16.

Transfussion Research Institute samar da duk wani nau'i na-da-art magani daga likita da alaka da matsalolin da jini da alaka cututtuka. A cikin ganuwar ta tsunduma a lura da ciwon daji, da ajiya na kara Kwayoyin, Samfur da kuma ajiya na gabobin da kyallen takarda da jikin mutum. Har ila yau, a Cibiyar ta shirya Department of Orthopedics da Traumatology, Radiology, Radiology, tiyata, aiki daban-daban iri awon bincikowa.