Trans-Baikal Cossacks: tarihi, al'adu, da al'adu, da kuma rayuwar yau da kullum

Trans-Baikal Cossacks - hadiri samurai - a gãɓa iyaka na motherland da kuma karfi na domin na statehood. Musamman m, hukunci, da karfi na makaranta, su ko da yaushe nasara wajen tsayayya da makiya mafi kyau raka'a.

labarin

Trans-Baikal Cossacks fara bayyana a cikin forties na karni na sha takwas, a lokacin da kuma Don Orenburg sun sadaukar da su matsa zuwa undeveloped mafi sabon Rasha ƙasar. A nan, don bayyana yayi babbar dama domin ci gaba da albarkatun ma'adinai, da yawan wanda ya ba Yunƙurin zuwa labari. Border tare da m kuma ba sosai lumana makwabta da kare, kuma mafi alhẽri daga da Trans-Baikal Cossacks, abu ne mai wuya kowa zai iya yi.

Kuma da ake bukata ya akai kuma vigilant iko a kan na gida yawan - da Buryats, wanda har yanzu taso jini na Genghis Khan, da Tungus, wanda shi ma ba amince da dan hanya. Trans-Baikal Cossacks son wani baton ci gaba. Shi ne nasu da aka annexed zuwa daular Ural, Orenburg, Siberia. Sõraye a kan Angara kuma Lena aza mashãwarta Cossack raka'a da Perfilieva Beketov, kuma daga gare ta farko explorers, har yanzu muna girmama kasa gwarzo, Cossack Explorer Semona Dezhnova.

A farko-tafiye

Da farko zuwa Lake Baikal Na samu Kurbat Ivanov tare da Cossacks. Sa'an nan ya fara da tartsatsi shiri na Trans-Baikal, kafa da kuma karfafa dangantakar abokantaka tare da mazauni ne, wanda aka horar da kuma ko da quite sau da yawa kunshe a cikin abun da ke ciki na sojojin. Trans-Baikal Cossacks, tarihin wanda aka alaka da wani yakin neman Erofey Pavlovich Khabarova (1649), aka haɗe zuwa Rasha Amur yankin, da kuma a 1653 aka riga gina Chita kurkuku - nan gaba babban birnin kasar na Trans-Baikal Cossacks. Paul sunan Beketov, a Cossack, suka dage farawa birnin Chita, shahara ga wannan rana. Rasha tsiro sabon yankuna, musamman arziki, kyau da kuma amfani.

Don da Cossacks iya ci gaba da matsawa zuwa gabas, wani karfi na Baikal ne kawai ya cancanta. Zo ƙware, kafa rai da rai na Trans-Baikal Cossacks, shirya duk sabon Cossack regiments cewa ta tsakiyar karni na sha takwas kafa a kan iyakar da sojojin. Af, da Buryats saboda ta kungiyoyin masu fafutuka kawo daukakar-samu mahaifarsa saboda su aka halitta da kuma horar da yawa shelves musamman domin karfafa iyakar controls. Duk da cewa da hukuma iyaka da Mongolia ba ya nan, kuma ko da bayyanar Rasha Manchuria a wadannan wurare ba su yi marhabin, a maimakon haka, a maimakon haka, irin wannan mataki ya dole ne. Saboda haka shi an halitta a cike da kuma a lokacin da wani mataki mai ingancin na Cossacks.

ambit

A farkon karni na sha tara a gabas ya riga ya kafa wani dogon layi na masu garu gidãje (mata kagarai), gina ta Cossacks. A sahun gaba na gargajiya fure watchtowers - "rikon", inda shekara-zagaye da zagaye da Agogon sintiri kasance kaɗan Cossacks. Kullum aika kowane iyaka gari a cikin duwatsu da kuma matakan bincike - wani detachment na ashirin da biyar zuwa ɗaya da ɗari Cossacks.

Wato, da Cossacks Trans-Baikal yankin don ƙirƙirar wani mobile iyaka line. Yana notifies ku daga maƙiyinku, kuma ya iya mayar da abokan gaba a kan nasu. Amma har yanzu da shi bai isa Cossacks a kan wannan dogon iyaka line. Kuma a sa'an nan da sarki resettles mai yawa "tafiya mutane" a gabashin iyaka zuwa iyaka wajibi. Number of Cossacks a Transbaikalia ya kara da cika fuska. Sa'an nan ya zo da m fitarwa na Trans-Baikal Cossack dakarun - a watan Maris 1871.

Gwamna-Janar

Na je sama tare da wannan hanya don kare gabashin kan iyakar N. N. Muravov, wanda shi ne aikin da halittar Cossack dakarun, da kuma Sarkin sarakuna da kuma ministan War yarda amince da wannan aiki. A kan karkata wannan sararin kasa shi ne don ƙirƙirar wani karfi da sojojin, wanda zai iya gasa da wani maƙiyi. Yana hada ba kawai Don kuma Siberian Cossacks, amma Buryat da Tungus samuwar. Karuwan da baƙauye yawan Transbaikalia.

Yawan sojojin kai goma sha takwas dubu, kowanne daga abin da ya fara da sabis na goma sha bakwai, kuma ya tafi a kan wani biki kawai hamsin da takwas da shekaru. Dukan ransa aka alaka da kariya daga kan iyaka. A nan, dangane da sabis sun kafa hadisin na Trans-Baikal Cossacks, tun suka dukan rai, da kuma tarbiyyar yara da tarbiyyar, da kuma mutuwa da kanta da aka hade da kariya na jihar. Bayan 1866 kayyade sabis rayuwa an rage zuwa shekara ashirin da biyu, na gaji da wannan soja naúrar an ainihin kwafin na shatan na Don sojojin.

Exploits da shan kashi

Babu wani daga cikin soja rikici a shekarun da suka gabata, ba tare da sa hannu na Trans-Baikal Cossacks. Sin yaƙin neman zaɓe - da suka kasance na farko da ya shiga Beijing. Battle of Mukden da Port Arthur - wani jarumi Cossacks raira songs ya zuwa yanzu. Kuma da Rasha-Japanese War da farko Duniya tare da wani labari na wani ƙarfi, tenacity da ƙarfin hali da matsananciyar sojoji zabaykaltsev. Dace Trans-Baikal Cossacks - duhu kore uniform da kuma rawaya ratsi - razana daga cikin Japan samurai, kuma idan da yawan bata wuce Cossacks fiye da sau biyar, suka bai yi kuskure to hari. Na'am, kuma sau da yawa rasa a fi girma lambobi.

By 1917, da Cossack sojojin Baikal akwai riga da dubu 260 da mutane. Akwai 12 manyan kauyuka da kuma 69 ƙauyukansu da kuma 15 yarjejeniya. Sun kare sarki don ƙarni, bauta masa da aminci har karshe drop of jini, shi ne saboda juyin juya halin da suka yi ba a karɓa, kuma a cikin yakin basasa decisively yi yaƙi da Red Army. Da shi shi ne karo na farko lokacin da suka bai ci nasara domin su yi wa yake daidai. Saboda haka a Harbin kafa mafi girma a mallaka, wanda aka halitta da extruded daga Rasha Trans-Baikal Cossacks.

baƙuwar ƙasa

Hakika, ba duk Trans-Baikal Cossacks yi yaƙi da sabon Soviet gwamnatin, akwai waɗanda suka yi goyan bayan Reds. Duk da haka, mafi yawan bar karkashin jagorancin Baron Ungern da Ataman Semyonov kuma ƙarshe ya ƙare har a kasar Sin. Kuma a nan a 1920, a kowace daya daga cikin Cossack sojojin sun Soviet ikon shafe, cewa an narkar da. A Manchuria da iyalansu iya barin kawai game da goma sha biyar, da kashi na Trans-Baikal Cossacks, inda suka halitta Tryokhrechye - yawan kauyuka.

Daga kasar Sin da wasu lokaci da suka wahalar da Soviet iyakar hare-hare, amma na gane cewa aikin banza ne shi kuma kulle. Suka zauna su hadisai, su hanyarsa ta rayuwa har 1945, lokacin da Soviet sojojin suka kaddamar da wani farmakin a kan Manchuria. Yana da bakin ciki sosai lokacin da ya rufe da ɗaukaka transbaikalian Cossack dakarun gaba daya marmashe. Wasu hijira kara - Australiya - kuma zauna a Queensland, wasu koma gida, amma ba a Trans-Baikal yankin, da kuma a Kazakhstan, inda ya yi niyya da matabbatarsu. Zuriyar da gauraye aure daga kasar Sin sun ba bar.

samu

A babban birnin kasar na Trans-Baikal Cossack ko da yaushe yana zuwa karanta. A 'yan shekaru da suka wuce a can aka bude wani abin tunawa Petru Beketovu, Cossack, wanda ya kafa wannan birni. Tarihi hankali mayar, ya dawo rayuwa da kuma hadisai na Trans-Baikal Cossacks. Shin kokarin mayar da rasa ilimi - a cewar tsohon hotuna, haruffa, tsarin sautinsu, da sauran takardu.

Sama za ka iya ganin hotuna na farko Verkhneudinsky rajimanti, wanda wani ɓangare na Cossack sojojin. A lokacin da harbi rajimanti da nake a dogon - biennial - a kan wani kasuwanci tafiya a Mongolia, inda juyin juya halin da ya faru a 1911. Yanzu mun san cewa Cossacks goyon ta, An katange da Sin sojojin, kiyãye sadarwa da kuma, ba shakka, jaruntaka, kamar yadda ko da yaushe, ya yi yaƙi. Mongolian kari quite a bit da aka sani. Wannan ya fi kowace sauran ambaci a lokacin ba su ma Ataman Semyonov da Cossack kyaftin, Wanda ya ciyar a mafi nasarori dangana ga kansa da kaina.

Kuma akwai mutane da yawa more high-Flying - ko da nan gaba White generals. Alal misali, a cikin hoto sama - G. A. Verzhbitsky, wanda ya kasa azumi storming wani impregnable sansanin soja na kasar Sin - Sharasume.

hadisai

The Board ya kasance kullum Cossacks a soja, duk da cewa a duk soja ƙauyuka aka musamman raya aikin noma, da shanu waddan da kuma daban-daban da sana'o'i. Da ainihin sabis ne a tsare, da kuma rayuwa, da kuma sauran rayuwa na Cossack, ko da kuwa a matsayinsa a cikin sojojin. Kaka da aka gudanar a Field Service, hunturu ya fama horo, maimaita charters. Duk da haka, zalunci da kuma rashin adalci kusan hadu a Cossacks, akwai babbar tabbatar da adalci. Suka ci ƙasar, kuma haka ji kowa na da hakkin ya mallake ta.

Maza ko da aiki a filayen, farauta da kama kifi tafi dauke da makamai kamar yaki: da nomadic kabilu ba a yi gargaɗi game da hare-haren. Daga cikin shimfiɗar jariri, saba hawa da kuma makamai na yara, ko da 'yan mata. Mata sauran a kagara, lokacin da dukan namiji yawan kasance a cikin yaki, da yawa sau nasarar dakile hare-hare da daga kasashen waje. Daidaitan a Cossacks sun kasance kullum. A bisa ga al'ada, da manyan mukamai da aka zaba mutane ne kaifin baki, talented da kuma samun babban sirri abin yabo. Nobility, dũkiya, asalin rawa wajen ba da zaben bai yi wasa. Kuma ku yi ɗã'a atamans da kuma yanke shawara na Cossack da'irar unquestioningly kome daga kananan zuwa manyan.

addini

A limaman aka kuma zabe - daga cikin mafi addini da kuma ilimi mutane. Firist malami ne ga duk, da kuma shawararsa ne ko da yaushe bi. A Cossacks su ne mafi m mutane daga waɗanda sau, duk da cewa su da kansu suna warai, ko da ibada, kishin Orthodoxy. Haƙuri saboda da cewa shi ne a ko da yaushe a Cossack sojojin sun Old Muminai, Buddha, Mohammedan.

Part na samar da kamfen nufi da coci. Ibada sun ko da yaushe aka kariminci cire tare da azurfa, da zinariya, da tsada Banners kuma kitchenware. Rayuwa Cossacks gane a matsayin mai hidima to Allah da fatherland, saboda ba su ne rabin-heartedly. Duk wani aiki yi flawlessly.

'Yancin da wajibai

Kwastan a Cossacks ne irin wannan cewa, akwai wata mace tana da girmamawa da kuma girmama (da hakkoki) a matsayin maza. Idan wani Cossack magana da mace na ci-gaba shekaru, ya kamata su tsaya, ku zauna. A kan al'amarin mata Cossacks ba ya tsoma baki, amma ko da yaushe tsare matansu, kare da kuma kare su girmamãwa. Kamar wancan kullawa da nan gaba na dukan mutane. Interests Cossacks iya wakiltar da uba, da miji, wa, ɗa, godson.

Idan Cossack - bazawara ko guda mace, to, shi kare sirri Ataman. Bugu da kari, ta iya zabi ga kansa mai husũma na kyauyen. A cikin wani hali, shi ko da yaushe yana zuwa sauraron wani dalĩli, kuma a tabbatar an taimaka. Kowane Cossack kamata bi zuwa dabi'un: duba duk da haihuwa mutane kamar nasu mahaifinsa da mahaifiyarsa, da kuma kowane Cossack yarinya - kamar ta 'yar'uwarsa, kowane Cossack - kamar wani ɗan'uwansa, kowane yaro - to son da nasu. Aure ne alfarma ga wata Cossack. Wannan Kirista sacrament, mai tsarki. Ba wanda zai iya tsoma baki a cikin rayuwar iyali ba tare da wani gayyatar ko wani request. A farko alhakin duk abin da ya faru a cikin iyali, wani mutum ya zo.

rayuwa

Hut Trans-Baikal Cossacks hedged kusan ko da yaushe wannan: da ja kusurwa tare da gumaka, tebur-uglovichkom, wanda ya ta'allaka gaba ga Littafi Mai Tsarki woolen hat kuma kyandirori. Wani lokaci yana located kusa, da kuma girman kai na iyali - a gramophone ko piano. A kan bango - ko da yaushe da kyau ado da gado, da tsoho, da alamu a cikinsa ko da girma-kakaninki Allaha. A musamman girman kai na Cossacks - patterned valance a kan gado, yadin da aka saka ado pillowcases a kan m filõli.

Kafin gado yawanci rataye unsteady. Kusa ne mai babbar akwati, wanda kiyaye yarinya ta sadaqi, kazalika da tafiyar kirji, ko da yaushe a shirye domin yaki ko sabis. A ganuwar - mai yawa raƙĩƙi, da hotuna da kuma hotuna. A cikin kitchen - m nadraennaya cookware, mari, samovar, rokoki, jugs. Siyayya tare da buckets na ruwa. A fari tanda, da duk trappings - kama da tukunya.

A abun da ke ciki na Trans-Baikal Cossacks

A farkon, akwai ba da Evenki (Tungus) soja tsarin. The sojojin da aka rarraba kamar haka: uku sojan doki regiments da uku kafar brigades (na farko zuwa na uku - Rasha shiryayye, na huɗu - da Tunguska, biyar da ta shida - Buryat) tsaron kan iyaka da kuma dauki ciki da sabis, da kuma lokacin da a 1854, da aka za'ayi rafting a kan Amur da kuma tushen iyakar posts tare da sauran iyaka, akwai kuma da Amur Cossack sojojin. Ga daya, Trans-Baikal, wannan iyaka line ya yi tsawo.

A cikin marigayi sha tara da farkon ashirin ƙarni zabaykaltsy nuna peacetime Guards hamsin, hudu mahayan regiments da biyu manyan bindigogi batura. War bukaci karin: doki da tara regiments, uku kayayyakin ɗari da hudu manyan bindigogi da batura a cikin Baya ga sama. Cossack yawan 265 dubu sabis kwashe fiye da dubu goma sha huɗu mutane.

yanzu

Tare da sake fasalin kudin na Trans-Baikal Cossacks fara ta Tarurrukan: gudanar a birnin Moscow a shekarar 1990 Great Cossack da'irar, inda aka yanke shawarar sake gina Trans-Baikal Cossacks. Just a shekara daga baya shi ne ya zo har kungiyar na gungu. Shi ne ake kira - "Trans-Baikal Cossacks." Ataman zabe a Chita, ya zama a cikin 2010 , Sergei Bobrov. Kuma a shekarar 2011, an yadu lura 160-shekara da ranar tunawa tun bayyanar da Cossacks Baikal.

Waƙar Trans-Baikal Cossacks zauna kusan guda, akwai aka karantawa masoyi Zabaykal, kada cire masa hula ko a gaban daya daga cikin abokan karfi, sosai poetically sewn cikin blue na Lake Baikal da sunbeam kamar Cossack ratsi (yellow), kuma waka game da soyayya ga Rasha, game da ajiyar bauta ta ubanninmu .