The masanin kimiyya Charles Darwin: biography, theories da binciken. Charles Darwin: a takaice biography

Charles Darwin - daya daga cikin mafi m da masu bincike a cikin tarihin 'yan adam. Halittu, matafiyi, marubucin da ka'idar juyin halitta - shi ke karamin bangare na sararin nasarori da kuma isa yabo.

Shimfiɗar jariri, da kuma samartaka

Taqaitaccen Tarihin Darwin ba bayyana da babban taimako na masanin kimiyya a ci gaba na zamani da disiplin, amma shi zai fara a 1809, da makamantansu

Haife masanin goma sha biyu na Fabrairu a cikin harshen Turanci babban iyali a Shrewsbury, Shropshire.

Bisa ga bayanan, wanda ya bar wani Darwin biography rahoton cewa yaron mahaifin aka tsunduma a kudi. Har ila yau, ya kasance mai nasara likita. Aiki Robert Darwin damar da iyali su zauna kage. Daga bisani, mahaifinsa ya yi girman kai cewa dansa - Charles Darwin. Brief biography na masanin kimiyya ya tabbatar da cewa wannan mahaifi da dansa duk rayuwarsa, don tallafa wa juna.

Macen ta bar wannan duniya cikin 1817, ya kuma zauna sosai kadan bayanai.

Taqaitaccen Tarihin Darwin ya gaya mana cewa kakansa Charles Erasmus, ya likita, Falsafa, marubuci. A general, duk 'yan uwa sun mutane tare da wani babban matakin da basirar da al'adu.

Abin da irin ilimi samu Darwin? Biography ya gaya mana cewa a 1817 ya fara wata hanya a wani gida rana makaranta, da kuma a shekara daga baya aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga Anglican.

Sun Charles ya sosai ba wawa yaro. Amma a lokaci guda a makaranta ban son karatu da kuma la'akari da manhaja ne musamman m.

A cikin free lokaci fĩfĩta su tattara da kuma nazarin kwari, bawo da kuma sabon abu duwatsu. Kallo da na halitta matakai - flowering itatuwa da kuma shrubs, a kan koguna, da iska shugabanci. Ya kasance m na farauta da kama kifi.

Charles Darwin. Brief biography. ilimin jami'a

A 1825, mahaifinsa ya saurari da bukatar da dansa da kuma aiko shi zuwa ga karatu a Jami'ar Edinburgh. Robert so in ga yaron gaje likita daular.

Musamman mai yawa lokaci kishin nazarin ilmin halitta, musamman, marine kwaro, algae. M na taxidermy, halitta tarihi da kuma binciken kasa. Ya dauki wani aiki sashi a cikin ayyukan da jami'ar Museum, inda Turai ta most tarin shuke-shuke da aka tattara.

Bayan biyu "da jin tsoro m" shekara na makarantar ya zira kwallaye horo.

A na kira da'a hadakai da fushi mahaifin yanke shawarar da ya canja zuwa Faculty of tauhidin a Cambridge, inda malamai za su iya sani da sunan, sa'an nan rocked dukan duniya - Charles Darwin. Biography ambaci cewa nema a hankali karanta coci littattafai don m. Tsunduma akayi daban-daban tare da malami a ƙasarsa ta Shrewsbury.

Shi ya buɗe wani sabon babi na rayuwarsa, Darwin. Biography of wannan lokaci a cikin rayuwar mai girma masanin kimiyya ruwaitowa: nan da nan bayan hutun Kirsimeti a 1828, ya samu nasarar wuce ƙofar jarrabawa.

Shekaru da horo tuna Lessons of hawa, farauta, tattara beetles, nazarin adabi, lissafi, kimiyyar lissafi da kuma labarin kasa.

Ya sauke karatu daga ilimi a 1831. Duk da cewa da yawa nasara a lokacin horo ba shine, wannan ilmi kunna Darwin ya zama a cikin jerin daga cikin goma mafi kyau digiri.

Bayan kammala karatu, ya zama ko da mafi shakka gaskiyar akidun Kiristanci.

Charles Darwin: a takaice biography. Naturalistic ayyuka

A ba-kawo karshen nema don gane da yuwuwar masanin kimiyya matsahi na saba da sanannen botanist Dzhonom Henslou, wanda ya karbi wani digiri na biyu a tawagar da masu bincike yanayi a kudancin Amirka a kan da "Beagle". Daga bisani, mashawarta masanin kimiyya ne ƙwarai, farin ciki da cewa tawagar tafi a Darwin. Biography, sosai karatu da masana tarihi na kimiyya, ya tabbatar da wannan sanarwa.

Uba Charles ya yi gāba da tafiya, la'akari da shi a sharar gida na lokaci. Kawai ta hanyar da baki na ya kawu, Yosiya Wedgwood II na, Robert Darwin ya ba har kuma ya ba da rabuwar albarka ga dansa.

Domin fiye da shekara biyar tafiya da tawagar tafiya zuwa Peru, Argentina, Chile, Brazil, Turai, Australia, Africa.

A cikin Galapagos Islands Explorer musamman sha'awar mockingbirds, waxanda suke da ɗan daban-daban daga wadanda samu a Ingila. Karatu kunkuru, jinsunan abin da ya bambanta ko da a kan makwabtaka da tsibiran.

Scientist tare da amfani karatu da gida yankin, Flora da fauna. A sakamakon da balaguro ya zama wata babbar tarin duwatsu, ma'adanai, ganye, cushe dabbobi da tsuntsaye. Da suka kasance sunã yi ta kwatanta bayyanar da ilimin halittàr jiki da yawa kwaro.

Duk wani nazari da aka rubuta a cikin diary, to wanda Charles da kuma dogara da lokacin rubuta bincike takardunku a gaba shekara ashirin. Nazarin da aka buga a karkashin lakabi "Ku yi tafiya a kusa da duniya a kan ta" Beagle ". The masanin kimiyyar ya samu a duniya daraja a cikin kimiyya yanayi, kazalika da talakawa mutane.

Bugu da kari Charles kafa wani kira da kuma manufa a rayuwa - Darwin bai gani a rayuwa ba tare da kimiyya.

kimiyya da ayyukan

A shekaru biyar tafiya Darwin girma a matsayin masanin kimiyya. Biography rahoton cewa bayan ta kammala, Charles ya koma Cambridge. Amma nan da nan ya koma London, inda ya shiga cikin al'umma da masana harkokin kimiyya, wanda yafi hulda a cikin shekaru biyar masu zuwa.

Wannan lokaci da aka alama ta tumultuous rai na Charles, m aiki - da aka rubuta da muhimman hakkokin ayyukansu, za'ayi domin da yawa hours a muhawarar. Domin da soyayya da m bin shaidar tunani da kuma ra'ayoyin da bincike zabi babban sakataren jama'a na geologists.

Craving domin canji

Rayuwa a manyan gari, mafi kuma mafi matsa lamba a kan masanin kimiyya. A jiki ne m mu jimre wa da kai hare hare cututtuka.

A 1839 ya auri Emma Vedzhvud da kuma riga a 1842 ya koma Estate samu "Dawn."

Daga bisani, da matarsa za ta haihu da goma Darwin yara.

Away daga bustle birnin, Charles iya duƙufa kansa ga ayukan hutu - hawa, kama kifi, farauta, yanayin kallon,

M gado da kuma samun kudin shiga daga rubuta littattafai da damar nitse cikin fi so abubuwa.

A 1842, an rubuta ta Darwin ta aikin "ilmin dabbobi tafiya a kan" Beagle ".

Revolutionary a lokacin da littafin "The Origin of Species, ta hanyar Natural Selection" da aka buga a 1859.

Muhawara da marubucin sãɓã wa jũna, tare da yarda da ra'ayin a cikin al'umma, karfafa ta rubuce-rubucen Littafi Mai Tsarki game da yadda an halicci duniya. Aikace-aikace da aka bayyana a cikin daki-daki, me ya sa ya kamata ka yi la'akari da yiwuwar miliyoyin shekaru da m cigaban yanayi - shuke-shuke, da dabbobi, da mutane. Daga bisani, ka'idar da aka mai suna bayan da mai bincike - "Darwiniyanci."

A ra'ayin da aka goyan bayan a hankali samu a cikin shakka daga dogon lokacin da lura da kayan. "Darwiniyanci" ya zama Popular kuma, duk da abin kunya, ya kawo riba mai kyau masanin kimiyya.

Bugu da ari, ayyukansu da kuma ayyuka

A 1862 ya wallafa wani littafi "pollination na orchids", sa'an nan - "scrambles shuke-shuke" da "carnivorous shuke-shuke".

A 1868 - mai ci gaba "The Origin of Species ..." - "Change na dabbobin gida da kuma horar da shuke-shuke."

A 1871, duniya ta ga littafin "The Descent of Man da kuma jima'i selection".

Kuma a cikin 1872 - "Zancen na Motsin zuciyarmu a Man da kuma Animals," a cikin abin da masana kimiyya bincika asalin mutum daga apelike kakanninsu.

Hakika, ba su da irin wannan shahararsa, amma shi zai ba da damar masana kimiyya ya sami dama babbar awards, daga gare su - Kopleevskaya lambar zinariya daga Royal al'umma.

A m shekaru, ya aka sanya wani girmamawa Doctor of Science Breslau, Bonn, Leiden University, kazalika da m memba na St. Petersburg Academy.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa Rasha Orthodox Church ba koka game da ayyukan da harkokin kimiyya, kuma kokarin da wuya a bakanta shi. A kan tsaro na yi tsaya da yawa wakilan kawo dukkan. Aleksey Tolstoy Konstantinovich rayayye kare abin da ya yi imani da wani masanin kimiyya. Biography tabbatar da wadannan bayanai.

memory

Shahararren masanin kimiyya ya bar mu duniya na goma sha tara Afrilu 1882 yana da shekaru saba'in da uku shekaru.

Duk duniya daraja, zurriyar zai tuna da shi a matsayin mutumin da tawali'u, m, m. Darwin, wanda biography an yi karatu a dukkan zamani jami'o'i da aka binne shi a Westminster Abbey, kusa da Isaaka Nyutona.

ƙarshe

Charlz Darvin ya zama daga mafi bayyanar masana kimiyya na duk lokaci. Aikinsa, da tabbatar da asalin na abubuwa masu rai daga magabata ne kafuwar zamani juyin kira, ilmin halitta, da kuma itatuwa aure.

Darektan Jon Amiel aka yin fim a takaice tarihin rayuwar Darwin - wani fim a shekarar 2009, "The Origin of Species."

Gane a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi shahararren Britons dukan lokaci.