The gudun sauti a iska

Domin da yawa, ko da bayan shekara samun digiri shi ne ba a sani ba ga abin da yake a zahiri gudun sauti a iska. Wani saurari hankalinsa malami, yayin da wasu kawai ba cikakken fahimta da bayyana abu. To, watakila yana da lokaci zuwa cika wannan rata a cikin ilmi. A yau muna ba kawai saka da "bushe" lambobi, da kuma bayyana inji cewa kayyade gudun sauti a iska.

Kamar yadda aka sani, iska ne mai hade da daban-daban gas. Dan kadan fiye da 78% ne nitrogen, bautarka kusan 21% oxygen, da saura ne wakilta carbon da inert gas. Saboda haka, za mu mayar da hankali a kan gudun sauti a gaseous matsakaici.

Da farko, bari ta ayyana abin da wani sauti. Na tabbata mutane da yawa sun ji cewa "karar kadawar sauti" ko "sauti tãguwar ruwa". Lalle ne, misali, da diffuser haifuwa magana oscillates tare da wasu mita, wanda aka classified a matsayin wani mutum taimakon ji sauti. Daya daga cikin dokokin kimiyyar lissafi ya furta cewa, matsin lamba na gas da kuma taya ake rarraba ba tare da canje-canje a duk inda. Yana bi da cewa a karkashin manufa yanayi, gudun sauti a cikin gas ne uniform. Hakika, a gaskiya akwai da na halitta lalace. Muna bukatar mu tuna da wannan alama, tun da shi ne wannan ya bayyana dalilin da kudi su iya bambanta. Amma dole mu kadan shagala daga cikin babban jigo. Saboda haka, idan sauti - wani jinkirin, sa'an nan abin da yi dabam?

Duk wani gas - a sa na wani musamman sanyi na sunadaran. Ba kamar kwayoyin zarra da daskararru tsakanin su a gwada manyan nesa (a kwatanta, misali, wani karfe raga). Za ka iya zana wani misalin da Peas, rarraba kan wani jelly-kamar salla da ganga. Source ce bugun jini sauti vibrations motsi mafi kusa gas kwayoyin halitta. Su, bi da bi, kamar kwallaye a kan wani billiard tebur, "buga" a kan makwabtaka da, da kuma aiwatar maimata da ita. The gudun sauti a iska ne daidai da kayyade tsanani da bugun jini-tushen. Amma wannan shi ne kawai daya bangaren. A denser abu zubar kwayoyin halitta, da hakan gudun sauti a cikinsa. Alal misali, gudun sauti a iska ne kusan sau 10 kasa da a monolithic dutse. Yana da matukar sauki fahimta: sunadaran a cikin gas iya "tashi" da makwabta da kuma ba shi da bugun jini makamashi, shi wajibi ne don shawo kan wani nesa.

Impact: tare da kara yawan zafin jiki kudi na yaduwa ƙaruwa. A duk da thermal fadada, da kansa gudu daga cikin kwayoyin halitta sama, suka matsawa erratically kuma sau da yawa yi karo. Shi ne kuma gaskiya ne cewa matsa gas daukawa sauti ne da yawa sauri, amma zakara har yanzu shi ne a liquefied jiki jihar. A kirga da sauti gudu a cikin gas dauki la'akari da farko yawa, compressibility, zazzabi coefficient (gas m). A gaskiya, shi duka haka daga sama.

Duk da haka, abin da yake gudun sauti a iska? Mutane da yawa sun riga gane, ba shi yiwuwa a bayar da wani tabbataccen amsar. A nan ne kawai da wasu daga cikin muhimman bayanan:

- a sifili digiri Celsius a sifili nufi (teku matakin) gudun sauti ne game da 331 m / s.

- ragewan da yawan zafin jiki zuwa - 20 digiri Celsius, kuma zai iya zama "rage" karar kadawar sauti zuwa 319 m / s, tun da farko kwayoyin halitta a sarari suna motsi sannu a hankali.

- kiwon shi zuwa 500 digiri sauti yaduwa gudãnar kusan rabin - daga sama zuwa 550 m / s.

Duk da haka, wadannan bayanai ne m, tun ban da gas da zazzabi a kan ikon gudanar da sauti kuma ya rinjayi ta matsa lamba, sanyi sarari (sarari da abubuwa ko bude yanki), mai zaman kansa motsi da dai sauransu

A halin yanzu, da kaddarorin da yanayi a gudanar da wani sauti na aiki da bincike. Alal misali, daya aikin ta hanyar rajista damar da nuna sauti siginar (amsa kuwwa) domin sanin da yawan zafin jiki na iska yadudduka.