Tarihi igil: ranar kafuwar, da tsari na gwamnati

Islama yan ta'adda kungiyar LIH kwararru da yawa dauke da babban barazana ga duniya a yau. Wannan shiri fito a matsayin mai raba cell na "al-Qaeda", amma sai ya zama mai cikakken 'yanci da karfi. Yanzu shi ne mafi girma a kungiyar 'yan ta'adda a duniya. Tarihi igil zai zama batun binciken mu.

Fage a kan LIH

Da farko, bari mu ga abin da ya sa aka zargin LIH, abin da yake cikin bango na da samuwar. Don yin wannan, za mu yi dubi cikin shekaru 90 na karni na karshe.

A tushen kungiyar, wanda daga baya ya canza kama zuwa da LIH, ya Abu Musab al-Zarqawi. An haife shi a shekarar 1966, a cikin matasa, ya yi yaƙi da sojojin Soviet a Afghanistan. Bayan ya dawo zuwa Jordan tsunduma a ayyukan da gwamnatin data kasance a cikin ƙasa, tun shekarar 1992, ya halartar shekaru bakwai na kurkuku.

A shekarar 1999, nan da nan bayan da ya saki, al-Zakravi kafa Islama kungiyar Salafi reshe, wanda soma da sunan "tauhidi da kuma Jihad". The asali manufar wannan kungiya da aka kifar da sarauta iyali a Jordan, wadda bisa ga al-Zakravi, gudanar da anti-Islamic manufofin. Wannan shiri shi ne gininsa a kan wanda ya samar da wata "jiha" LIH a nan gaba.

Bayan farkon na American aiki a kasar Iraki a shekara ta 2001, wakilan kungiyar "tauhidi da kuma Jihad" kaddamar da aiki a kan ƙasa na kasar. An yi imani da cewa al-Zarqawi ya zama a wannan lokacin da daya daga cikin masu shirya da kuma wasu manyan kungiyoyin "Ansar al-Islam." Ta amsa, yafi a Iraqi Kurdistan da Sunni yankuna na kasar Iraki. An dauke da wani m shugaban Faraj Ahmad Nazhmuddinov, located in da Norwegian kurkuku da kuma kocin ayyuka a can "Ansar Al-Islam." Daga 2003 zuwa 2008 da kungiyar soma da sunan "Jamaat Ansar al-Sunna", amma sai ya koma zuwa ta da sunan. Bayan da baki na kawance sojojin a Iraki a 2003, da yawa daga cikin mayakan shiga cikin sahu na kungiyar "tauhidi da kuma Jihad". A halin yanzu, "Ansar al-Islam" shi ne daya daga cikin babban masõya igil.

The ƙawance da "Al-Qaeda"

Sai bayan da aka hambarar da kasar Iraki Saddam Hussein a 2003, kungiyar "tauhidi da kuma Jihad" da tabbaci zauna a wannan ƙasa. Ta gudanar da wani jerin high-profile hare-haren ta'addanci, akayi guntu karfe tare da jama'a yanke hukuncin kisa ta hanyar fille. Daga baya wannan jini al'ada, wanda shi ne manufar ba da tsoro, soma magaji na kungiyar "tauhidi da kuma Jihad" - ra'ayoyi na LIH. "Tauhidi da kuma Jihad" ne ya zama babban anti-gwamnati karfi a Iraki, wanda manufar da aka kifar da gwamnatin wucin gadi, da lalata Shi'a magoya bayan, da kuma samuwar wani Musulunci jihar.

A shekara ta 2004, al-Zarqawi ya ba da bai'a ga shugaban duniya, most a lokacin da Musulunci tsauraran kungiyar "Al Qaeda" Osama bin Laden. Tun daga nan, da kungiyar "tauhidi da kuma Jihad" zama da aka sani da suna "al-Qaeda a Iraqi." Tarihi igil tun lokacin da ya sanya wani sabon zagaye.

Ƙara kungiyar jagorancin al-Zarqawi ya fara amfani da 'yan ta'adda hanyoyin ba da US soja, kuma ta Iraqi - kagaggun Shi'a. Wannan ya sa a dakushe da shahararsa ta "al-Qaeda a kasar Iraki" cikin gida yawan. Don komawa zuwa ratings kuma ƙarfafa sojojin na juriya da hadaka a 2006, Zarqawi shirya wani "shawara taro na Mujahideen", wanda ya hada da, ban da "Al Qaeda", wani 7 babbar Islama Sunni kungiyoyin.

Amma a watan Yuni 2006, al-Zarqawi ne aka kashe a sakamakon harin bom da American jirgin sama. Ya zama sabon shugaban kungiyar, Abu Ayyub al-Masri.

The Islamic State in Iraq

Bayan kawar da Zarqawi labarin igil sake canza ta shugabanci. A wannan lokaci, akwai wani hali da karya tare da "Al-Qaeda".

A watan Oktoba 2006, da "Shura majalisar Mujahideen," Ya sanar da kafa Islamic State of Iraq (ISI), kuma a yi haka a kan nasu, ba tare da jiran amsa daga cikin "Al-Qaeda" da jagoranci. Amma akwai yadda duk da haka ya zuwa yanzu daga cikakken hutu tare da kungiyar 'yan ta'adda.

A babban birnin kasar na wannan "jiha" da aka sanar da Iraqi birnin Baquba. Farko shi ne Sarkin Abu Omar al-Baghdadi, baya da abin da muka sani kawai cewa shi dan kasa na kasar Iraki da kuma tsohon shugaban "Mujahideen Shura Council." A 2010, an kashe shi a Tikrit bayan wani makami mai linzami yajin Amurka-Iraqi. A wannan shekara an kashe shi da kuma shugaban na "al-Qaeda a Iraqi," Abu Ayyub al-Masri, wanda ake daukarsa a matsayin daya daga cikin shugabannin ISI.

New ISI Emir zama mazaunin kasar Iraki, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, baya dauke a cikin American taro sansanin a kan zargin da ta'addanci. The shugaban na "al-Qaeda a kasar Iraki" ta zama da takwararta Abu Suleiman al-Naser. A daidai wannan lokaci da ya nada soja bada shawara ga IGI, kuma a shekarar 2014 ya zama shugaban da soja majalisa na Musulunci jihar.

ilimi LIH

Aukuwa igil matsayin kungiyar, kamar yadda muka gani, Dates baya fiye da na farko shekaru goma na XXI karni, amma ainihin sunan ya bayyana ne kawai a watan Afrilu 2013th, a lokacin da ISI mika da ayyukan a Syria, wato, da Levant kasashen. Saboda haka LIH kuma tsaye - Musulunci Jihar na Iraki da kuma Levant. Sunan wannan kungiya a cikin Larabci kalma da wani harshen - Daishev. LIH kusan nan da nan, ya fara aiki yadda ake gudanar a cikin ƙasa na Syria, ya fara jawo hankalin more kuma mafi mayakan daga sauran kungiyoyin Islama. Bugu da kari, kungiyar ta fara garken mayakan na EU, da Amurka, Rasha da kuma sauran kasashe.

Syria ya wajaba a yakin basasar da ake kulla tsakanin dakarun gwamnati da shugaba Assad, kuma da dama daga anti-gwamnati kungiyoyin na daban-daban iri iri. Saboda haka, Syria LIH sauƙi iya yi iko da manyan yankunan kasar. Musamman samu nasarar wannan shiri a 2013-2014. A babban birnin kasar da aka koma daga Baquba a cikin Syria birnin Ar Raqqah.

A lokaci guda igil yanki ya kai matsakaicin fadada da kuma a Iraki. Group ga samun iko da kusan dukan lardin Anbar, kazalika da muhimmanci biranen Tikrit da kuma Mosul a lokacin boren da 'yan Shi'ah kuma gwamnatin kasar Iraki.

A karshe tashi daga "Al-Qaeda"

Da farko, da "jiha" LIH kokarin aiki a alliance tare da wasu dakarun 'yan tawaye a Syria da Assad, amma a Janairu 2014 ya shiga wani bude makamai rikici tare da babbar jam'iyyar adawa ta karfi - da Free Syrian Army.

A halin yanzu, akwai a karshe hutu tare da igil "Al-Qaeda". karshe jagorancin bukaci IG ya kawo mayakan daga Syria da kuma mayar da su zuwa kasar Iraki. Kawai kungiyar "Al-Nusra Front" tafin kafa wakilin "Al Qaeda" a Syria kamata aiki. Ita ce ta hukumance wakilta kasa da kasa kungiyar 'yan ta'adda a cikin kasar. LIH ki bi da bukatun management na "al-Qaeda". A sakamakon haka, a watan Fabrairu 2014, "Al-Qaeda" ya ce shi yana da kõme ba yi da LIH da haka ba zai iya sarrafa kungiyar da kuma zama alhakin gudanar da ayyukansa.

Ba da da ewa bayan fadan fãta shimfiɗaɗɗa tsakanin mayakan Daishev da kuma "Al-Nusra Front."

A shela da Khalifanci

Tarihi igil daukan wani gaba ɗaya daban-daban sikelin, bayan da shela da Khalifanci. Haka ya faru a karshen watan Yuni 2014. Saboda haka, kungiyar ta fara nema ba kawai ga jagoranci a yankin, da kuma a kan primacy na duniyar musulmi, tare da view ta kafa a duniya ta ilmi. Bayan da ta zama da aka sani kawai "kasar Musulunci" (IG) ba tare da tantancewa a musamman yankin. Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi ya dauki sunan Halifa.

Sanarwa daga halifanci, a hannu daya, da gudummawar da ma fi girma tabbatarwa daga cikin IG ta dalĩli a idanun da yawa Musulmi radicals, wanda ya kai ga wata karuwa a cikin kwarara daga mayakan fata ya shiga cikin kungiyar. Amma a daya bangaren, shi ya sa wani ma fi girma karuwa a adawa da sauran Islama kungiyoyi da cewa ba sa so su yarda da primacy na IG.

Operation masõya da IG

A halin yanzu, kasa da kasa ya zama ƙara sane da barazanar da Musulunci Jihar saboda LIH yankin ya ci gaba da yi haƙuri kara.

Tun tsakiyar 2014 Amurka ya fara samar da kai tsaye soja taimako ga gwamnatin Iraq a magance da IG. A kadan daga baya ta shãmakace a cikin rikici, Turkiyya, Australia, Faransa, Jamus. Sun yi consistently yi IG mayakan wuri bombardment a lokacin 2014-2015, duka biyu a Iraki da kuma a cikin Syria jihar.

An fara daga watan Satumba na 2015 a request na gwamnatin kasar Syria da yaki da IG fara yarda da Rasha hannu. Its iska karfi da kuma fara kai hare hare wuri zuwa tsattsauran ra'ayi. Duk da haka, ya kai wata yarjejeniya a kan daidaituwa na ayyuka tsakanin Rasha da kuma hadin kan kasashen turai, saboda da dama saba wa juna, shi ya gaza.

Soja taimako na kasa da kasa contingent da gudummawar da igil ƙasa a Iraki ya rage muhimmanci. An kuma an dakatar da m mayakan a Siriya, gudanar tsãwace su a yawan manyan mukamai. Ya aka ji rauni mai tsanani da shugaban IG Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi.

Amma in yi magana da nasarar kawance na Islamic State ne har yanzu ma da wuri.

Watsa da na IG

Babban fagen fama na Islamic State of mataki ne da yankin Iraki da Syria. Amma kungiyar ta mika ta tasiri ga sauran kasashe. LIH kai tsaye iko da wasu yankunan a Libya da kuma Lebanon. Bugu da kari, 'yan kungiyar fara rayayye aiki a Afghanistan, a jawo ra'ayinsu to da darajõji tsohon magoya bayan na "Taliban". Shugabannin Najeriya kungiyar 'yan ta'adda Islama "Boko haram" ba wani mai bai'a ga halifa na Islamic State da ƙasa, wanda ba a kula da kungiyar, ya zama sananne a matsayin lardin da IG. Bugu da kari, da IG yana da rassan a Misira, da Philippines, Yemen da kuma wasu gwamnatin abokai.

Shugabannin Musulunci jihar da'awar don sarrafa a kan dukan gabatarwa a lokacin da Larabawa Khalifanci da Ottoman Empire, wanda la'akari da su, don zama magada.

Tsarin siga na Musulunci jihar

Islamic State of nau'i na gwamnatin iya kira waɗanda Allah daular mulkinsu. The Halifa ne shugaban kasa. A jikin cewa yana da shawarwari aiki, da ake kira Shura. Ma'aikatun ne analogues Leken Asiri Council, soja da kuma shari'a shawara, da kiwon lafiya da sabis, kuma haka a. D. Kungiyar kunshi wani jam'i na Kwayoyin a kasashe da dama da suke da gwada karfi cin gashin a management.

A ƙasa da'awar da IG, ne zuwa kashi 37 Lardunan (administrative raka'a).

al'amurra

The Islamic State ne mai gwada matasa a matsayin kungiyar 'yan ta'adda, wanda aka rarraba kan Duniya a sosai high gudu. Ta ikirarin keda daukaka ba wai kawai a Gabas ta Tsakiya, amma kuma a cikin duniyar Musulmi. A da darajõji shiga wani girma yawan m mutane. IG hanyoyin da gwagwarmaya ne musamman m.

Dakatar da kara gaba na kungiyar iya kawai concerted kuma dace mataki da kasa da kasa.