T-72: halaye da kuma hotuna. T-72 "Ural" - babban yaƙi tank Tarayyar Soviet

Ko kafin serial samar da T-62 tankuna, manyan zanen L. N. Kartsevym Ural karusa shuka da aka samarwa don inganta model ta kafa shi wani sabon engine, mafi m, kuma mafi gaba-neman shasi. Yana bayyana a matsayin T-72 tanki. abin hawa halaye lura da shi a matsayin manyan sulke abin hawa.

A kadan tarihi

A lokacin rani na 1961 na farko biyu kofe na tankuna da aka gina su, kuma aka gwada a wani kara yanayin - na farko da shuka, sa'an nan a cikin shafin. Object sãɓã wa jũna a zamanantar, amma duk da dukan da abũbuwan amfãni, da shuka bai samu hukuma izni domin samar da sabon tanki. Shekara bayan shekara, a cikin model an yi wasu canje-canje:

1. Da farko an zaci ƙungiya daga T-72 tank, wanda kunshi uku - kwamandan, sojan igwa da kuma direba.
2. A tank aka sanye take da wani gun autoloaders da makamai kariya makirci tushen SRI karfe.
3. Shasi model shirya yin la'akari ba fiye da 40 ton.

Amma wadannan canje-canje ba a dauka, kawai biyu gefen gearboxes suka ragu.

Features tank layout

T-72 - tank, halin gargajiya yi, a lokacin da rabuwa da karfi da aka located a tsananin. Management aka mayar da hankali a gaba wani ɓangare na abin hawa, a nan suna located man fetur tank, wani tanki-tara farantin iko da na'urorin na direba, lantarki da kayan aiki.

Branch iko hada inji wurin zama, wadda iko da tank T-72. Sama da direba ta wurin akwai wani ƙyanƙyashe. A nawa makamai farantin shigar da wani na'urar da damar saka idanu da halin da ake ciki. Da direba zaune yayin tuki cewa judicious zane na kujeru a cikin kasa na tanki.

yaki da sashe

The ƙungiya sashe a cikin tanki da aka bar a tsakiyar ƙwanso da turret, wanda aka rabu da ikon shirya a musamman bangare. To tunani-fita zane damar sauki motsi na ma'aikatan jirgin daga ofisoshin zuwa ofisoshin. Ta'aziyya da kuma ergonomics - babban bambance-bambance, wanda zai iya gadara da T-72 tanki. Halayyar da shi a matsayin fama jirgin ruwa ne ma ban sha'awa:

1. A tank sanye take da wani smoothbore gun hasumiya 125 mm, da caji na'ura da kuma wuta iko kida.
2. Dama daga gun sanye take da wani kwamandan ta kuma sojan igwa zaune zuwa hagu.
3. A gun a gefen dama akwai wani PKT na'ura gun, kuma sama da shi da yake a kan spacers tushe bututu-rangefinder gani.
4. Wurin aiki kwamandan m kayan aiki: shi kunshi lantarki na'ura gun marufi, tank tsaye shiriya, rediyo, musamman na'ura, ta hanyar abin da na waje an haɗa soket saukowa, da propeller drive na kwamandan hasumiyar.
5. kwamandan hasumiyar da aka rufe da wani cover farantin torsion mashaya.
6. Kwamandan ta cupola sanye take da biyu kallo na'urorin TNP-160, umurni da na'urar TKN-3.

The yaki da sashe kuma sanye take da kida da kuma sunadaren da tabbatar da sauƙi na amfani na tanki.

ikon fakitin

A aft rabo na da rabuwa da karfi. Engine tank T-72 da aka located a kan tashar jiragen ruwa gefe, da kuma tsakanin su akwai wani shãmaki ga mota sanyaya tsarin, da man fetur tace, da karuwa tank bawul. A gefen dama saka iska purifier. The gidaje yana da wani takardar abinci, cikinsa da sanyaya tsarin da aka located. Yana kuma sanye take da ƙarin rabuwa da karfi da kuma babban mai tank, wanda da taimako zuwa ga engine lubrication. Ikon ofishin rufe murfi. Amfani Fuel tank T-72 100 km kamar haka:

• lokacin da tuki a ƙasa - L 260-450.
• a kan deben hanyoyi - 240 l.

jiki Features

Daya daga cikin mafi mashahuri Soviet tankuna - T-72 tanki. Halayyar da shi a matsayin yaƙi zai zama bai cika ba idan ba don bayyana siffofin na jiki. Da gidaje na wannan model - yana da wani m hali, cewa na welded makamai faranti. Ga hanci rabo an shirya, gefen feed, kasa, ganuwar da kuma samun iska daga cikin mota da kuma rufin da ikon shirya.

Frontal takardar - a multilayer shãmaki kumshin na karfe da fiberglass, da kauri daga wanda ya samar da wani lalacewa resistant shafi. A tarnaƙi na jiki suna karfafa ta tsaye makamai farantin, a tsakiyar part suna supplemented da m tube. Su nufi - ƙara da ciki juz'i na yadi da kuma shigar a kan su hasumiya. Dukan wannan kewaye tarnaƙi ne welded baka, wanda aka saka a kan matuƙin jirgin ruwa.

T-72 - a rare Soviet tank cewa wahayi zuwa girmamawa a duniya. Ciyar da gidaje ne makamai farantin tsananin. Kamar yadda kariya saka fan gagara. Yana da wani volute sanye take da wani m gaban da kuma gefen faranti. The gidaje yana da wani sanyaya fan, da kuma babban manufar partitions - shirya da ya kwarara daga iska. A tarnaƙi daga cikin tanki supplemented da wani skirt da ciwon kauri daga 3 mm kuma Ya sanya daga aluminum gami. Don ajiye da jihar na tank yayin tuki a kan wuya ƙasa, da fuska za a iya sanya shi a cikin stowed matsayin - pre-load su ga bangarorin cikin ƙura bude yatsun. Lokacin da wani T-72 yaƙi, ƙura garkuwoyi za a iya tura a gaba a wani kwana na 60 digiri.

Ta yaya hasumiyar?

Amfani da su haifar da shi daga siffa simintin makamai karfe, an welded zuwa saman rufin kuma wani shugaban da kare tushe bututu-gani rangefinder. Hasumiya daban-daban monolithic tsarin, cikinsa da bango kauri dabam. A gaban wani ɓangare sanye take da wani tagar jirgin ruwa inda gun aka shigar, da gefen surface - baka kumatunta, waxanda suke da muhimmanci ga booking da harsashi.

Dama na gun azurta wani embrasures wanda shi ne coaxial na'ura gun. Ya bar gun sashi, cikinsa da illuminator aka saka dare gani a hade tare da tube, ta hanyar abin da aka ciyar da su da bindiga lantarki actuator. Hagu da rabi na rufin ƙyanƙyashe yana da wani tushe, inda sojan igwa da aka located. Tower juyawa na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa da manual inji. Duk wannan ya bambanta da T-72 tank, wanda alama damar zana a ƙarshe game da fadan da halaye na sulke da motocin.

tank makamai

turret sanye take da wani smoothbore gun D-81TM, shi ne guda biyu tare da wani gun, kuma suna stabilized a biyu jirage shiriya. Ganga na gun - a tube cewa an haɗa zuwa casing hannun riga, da breech inji da kuma yankin Flushing. Ya, bi da bi, kunshi shida nozzles. gun rufe daban-daban Semi-atomatik yanayin na aiki. Da harbe-harben kewayon tank T-72 ne kamar haka:

• a lokacin da harbe-harben makamai sokin projectiles, da kuma tarawa nesa ne 4000 m.
• lokacin amfani high-m bawo da darajar kai 5000 m.
• a lokacin da harbi a dare shi ne daidai to 800 m.
• lokacin da bawo ana kora tare da wani kaikaice matakin yin amfani high-m bawo, da harbe-harben da kewayon iya isa 9400 m.

Ya kamata a lura cewa ga canji na atomatik daga daban-daban fama gun harbe-harben kudi zuwa 8 akai-akai da minti daya, tare da manual caji na - 1-2 Shots da minti.

Da harbe-harben kewayon T-72 da aka bayar stereoscopic monocular gani-rangefinder sanye take da ƙarin m karfafawa na gani filin. Amfani da gani manufa nesa auna a cikin kewayon 1000-4000 m da wani daidaito na 3-5 kashi. Idan da harbe-harben da aka gudanar a dare, musamman dare gani da lighting dangane da IR tace.

Kwamandan ta Tower sanye take da anti-aircraft da bindigogi, wanda ba ka damar harba a iska da kuma ƙasa hari. A cikin hali na T-72 na TTX tank wadannan: a kan distal iska hari da harbe-harben da aka gudanar a nesa na 1500 m a ƙasa - har zuwa 2000 m antiaircraft tank shigarwa hada da :.

• na'ura gun NSV 12.7 mm.
• shimfiɗar jariri, da recoil na'urar.
• anti-aircraft gani;
• rike, kyale kai tsaye kayan aiki horizontally da kuma tsaye.
• siyayya ga bawo.
• daidaita inji.

key bawo

Daya daga cikin mafi iko sulke yakar Rasha dukan lokaci - da T-72. Makamai kwakwalwa da wadannan akai-akai:

• automaton AKMS 7,62 mm;
• sigina Pistols.
• 10 hannu da gurneti.

A tank yana da wani biyu-jirgin sama stabilizer makamai electrohydraulic, wanda aka hada da wani Tantancewar gani-rangefinder. The main manufofin wannan hadadden ne:

1. Ta atomatik ci gaba da bindiga da wata na'ura gun a wani wuri a lokacin da motsi na da tanki.
2. Inducing a stabilized gun da kuma gun smoothly daidaitawa gudun shiriya.
3. ~ In wadata masaniya unstabilized gun a kwance jirgin sama.
4. Ƙirƙiri niyya na tanki kwamandan ga sojan igwa.
5. Gaggawa juya hasumiyar da direba.

Tare da stabilizer bayar kusurwa gudu, wanda aka jawo by wani vertically gun a atomatik yanayin. A kan wani ɓangare na tank harsasai - 39 Shots ga gun, 2000 akai-akai na ammonium for cikin na'ura gun PKT, 300 akai-akai na ammonium ga na'ura, 12 harsashi ga alama bindiga da 300 akai-akai na ammonium ga anti-aircraft na'ura gun.

Features caji

A T-72 na da kewayon electromechanical, wanda ta atomatik zarginta da bindiga. Ya ƙunshi wani juyawa na'ura mai, dagawa inji fayafayan, pallet kau inji loading sanda, dynamoelectric marufi gun, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da kuma kula da naúrar.

Tarayyar Soviet yaƙi tank sanye take da wani juyawa na'ura mai cewa an saka a cikin na'ura firam da ya hada da wani firam, wani electromechanical actuator cover, rufe da dispensing inji sash windows, da marufi da hannu drive. A frame 22 sanya fayafayan, ya ne mai ɗamfarar welded yi. A tef ne welded da biyu bututu bukatar saukar da daban-daban na Shots.

Features na ikon shuka

Inji tank T-72 da shawara da kasancewar wani modified powerplant. Yana da wani dizal engine da 780 horsepower, wanda aka supplemented da ruwa sanyaya tsarin da drive centrifugal supercharger. Engine nauyi ne 980 kg, shi da aka shigar a cikin wani ikon tashar. Multi-man fetur engine iya gudu a kan daban-daban brands na dizal, man fetur da kuma kananzir. Amma babban man fetur - dizal. tank engine ikon da aka hada da 4 na cikin gida da kuma waje 5 man fetur tankuna.

Don kare tsabta iska wanda ya shiga cikin cylinders na engine, da tank kara sanye take da wani biyu-mataki iska tsabtace cewa ta kawar da kura daga cikin ƙura haraji. Tsarkakewa ake yi a da dama hawan keke, sa'an nan Ya tsarkake su 99,8 kashi iska ta shiga engine.

A na'ura na T-72 da shawara gaban man shafawa da kuma sanyaya tsarin. A lubrication tsarin hannunwan da kuma hade, da kuma sanyaya tsarin - ruwa da kuma shãfe haske, shi ne suna goyon bayan da ya tilasta wurare dabam dabam. A musamman dumama tsarin warms sama da engine kuma kula da tsarin kafin jefa.

Tank T-72 sanye take da wani manual watsa tare da wata na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa iko ciki har da wani guitar da biyu watsa. Guitar kira wani kaya reducer ke watsa karfin juyi da watsa.

Shasi da kuma kayan aiki

Fama nauyin T-72 ne 44,5 ton, yayin da undercarriage - a bi shida rubberized rollers da uku jami'a-directional nadi, raya drive dabaran tsari, da matuƙin jirgin ruwa tare da crank inji. A tank yana da wani mutum torsion dakatar, wanda qara na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa buga absorbers da shida support rollers. Larvae da karami raka'a tare da yawan takalma 97 cikinta.

Na ƙarin na'urorin a kan tanki za a iya lura, da kuma rediyo sadarwar na'ura, tsara don hudu biyan kuɗi. A radio station aiki a matsayin transceiver da wayar hannu, samar da sadarwa kewayon har zuwa 20 km. A transceiver 1261 aiki a cikin aiki mita, da alama watsa da kuma liyafar an gudanar a wata na kowa mita.

m tsarin

Duk da cewa da nauyin da T-72 da aka ban sha'awa, shi aka sanye take da ƙarin tsarin da kare sulke abin hawa makaman kare dangi. Systems zai iya kare tank da kuma ta ciki kayan aiki daga buga kalaman, radiation daga makaman nukiliya fashewa, tabbatar da aminci daga cikin ma'aikatan jirgin lokacin da fallasa su mai guba jamiái ko nazarin halittu makamai.

tsãwa kariya za'ayi bayani dalla-dalla makamai, kazalika da high quality-sealing. Ciki tanki, musamman m abu, tare da yãƙi daki da kuma direban ta daki da aka tam shãfe haske. The kariya tsarin hidima a matsayin wani haske da kuma sauti ƙararrawa, da kuma iko da radiation matakin na redundancy a cikin tank matsa lamba da kuma gaban mai guba abubuwa waje daga gare ta.

Wuta Extinguishing System ne wani uku-lita kwantena wanda suna cike da extinguishant da kuma uku bututun, wanda connect da cylinders da kuma rassan, da kuma tara da zazzabi masu auna sigina. A musamman tsarin na maimaita mataki hidima a matsayin dogara da kariya daga hayaki. Yana gudanar a ranar da man dizal.

Na ƙarin kayan aiki tank T-72 za a iya ambata tsarin for karkashin ruwa tuki, wanda damar shawo kan matsalolin da a kan ruwa zurfin 5 m da nisa daga sama zuwa 1000 m. A tsarin wannan na'urar kuma ya hada da lifejackets masks tsara don duk ma'aikatan jirgin.

Gyare-gyare tank T-72

Duk da shekaru na saki tank da aka gabatar a takwas na asali model: T-72, T-72M da kuma T-72M1, T-72C da su iri. Bugu da kari, ya aka rayayye sayar kasashen waje a kasashe irin su Czechoslovakia, Poland, Gabas Jamus, Hungary da kuma Bulgaria. Kamar yadda na 2007, wadannan sulke da motocin sun kasance a sabis a yawan kasashe - Algeria, Vietnam, Libya, Macedonia, Kyrgyzstan, da kuma waɗansu da yawa. Tank T-72 da aka yi amfani a baje a kasashe da dama a matsayin dalilin da manyan yawan aikin injiniya, musamman da kuma soja motocin.

T-72 - ne Ural tank cewa ya dade da aka dauke daya daga cikin mafi iko da kuma abin dogara ba kawai a cikin Tarayyar Soviet amma kuma a cikin duniya. The kyautata version ne har yanzu samar a kasashe da dama, yayin da kullum inganta kula da tsarin da kuma ikon kayan aiki.