Sources na lantarki da makamashi: description, iri da kuma halaye

Sources na lantarki da makamashi a kowane yanki suna bambanta da ta Hanyar shiri. Saboda haka, a cikin filayen kuxi don amfani iska ikon ko maida kadan bayan man fetur konewa gas. A duwãtsu, inda akwai wata kogi, gina dams da ruwa gudãnar da giant turbines. Electromotive karfi samar kusan ko'ina saboda sauran halitta kuzari.

Inda ya aikata da ikon amfani da

Sources na lantarki da makamashi samu bayan irin ƙarfin lantarki tana mayar iska karfi, sanadin motsi motsi, ruwa ya kwarara, sakamakon wani nukiliya dauki, zafi daga kona gas, da man fetur ko kwal. Tartsatsi ikon shuke-shuke, hydroelectric iko tashoshin. A hankali rage yawan makaman nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke a matsayin ba gaba ɗaya hadari ga mutane da suke zaune a kusa da nan.

Ana iya amfani da wani sinadaran dauki, wadannan mamaki mu kiyaye a cikin batura motoci da iyali kayan. Batura domin wayoyin aiki a kan wannan manufa. Vetroviki amfani a wuraren da m iska inda wutar lantarki kafofin dauke da al'ada zane high ikon janareta.

Don iko da dukan birnin, wani lokacin daya tashar bai isa ba, da kuma wutar lantarki kafofin ake hada. Saboda haka, a kan rufi na gidaje a dumi kasashen shigar hasken rana bangarori da cewa ciyar da mutum dakuna. A hankali, tsabtace muhalli kafofin zai maye gurbin tashar, da gur yanayi.

a cars

Baturi kai - shi ne ba kawai tushen na'urar samar da makamashi. mota kewaye tsara a cikin irin wannan hanyar da lokacin da motsi da aiwatar da mayar sanadin motsi makamashi zuwa na'urar fara. Wannan shi ne saboda da janareta, cikinsa da juyawa daga cikin nada a cikin Magnetic filin halitta da bayyanar da wani electromotive karfi (EMF).

A cibiyar sadarwa yana farawa gudãna daga yanzu cajin baturi, tsowon lokacin aiki na wanda ya dogara a kan ta capacitance. Caji zai fara nan da nan bayan da engine farko. Wannan shi ne, samar da makamashi da aka samar ta hanyar kona man fetur. Yan aukuwa sun yarda da mota don amfani da EMF tushen na'urar samar da makamashi ga zirga-zirga.

A iko da wutar lantarki sinadaran batura nuna halin yanzu a cikin rufaffiyar kewaye da bauta kamar yadda wata majiya na iko. A nan akwai baya tsari: da EMF generated a cikin coils na drive tsarin da ta sa da dabaran juya. Igiyoyin a cikin sakandare kewaye babbar gwargwado hanzari gudu da kuma abin hawa nauyi.

Ka'idar aiki na nada tare da wani maganadisu

Yanzu gudãna ta hanyar da nada haddasa alternating Magnetic juyi. Ya, bi da bi, yana a kan maganadiso buoyancy, wanda ya sa da firam tare da biyu daban-daban polarities kadi maganadiso. Saboda haka, da wutar lantarki kafofin ne cibiya domin motsi motoci.

A baya tsari, lokacin da firam tare da maganadisu rotates cikin windings saboda da sanadin motsi makamashi zai iya maida alternating Magnetic juyi a cikin nada EMF. Bugu da ari, da kewaye saka irin ƙarfin lantarki gwamnoni da cewa samar da ake bukata wadata Manuniya. Bisa wannan ka'ida, shi ya haifar da wutar lantarki a hydroelectric iko shuke-shuke, thermal ikon shuke-shuke.

EMF a kewaye bayyana a al'ada rufaffiyar kewaye. Yana da akwai muddin shugaba amfani m bambanci. Electromotive karfi da ake bukata don bayyana halaye na da makamashi Madogararsa. The jiki definition ne: EMF a cikin rufaffiyar kewaye shi ne na gwargwado ga aikin na waje sojojin, da motsi na guda tabbatacce cajin ta hanyar da dukan jiki da shugaba.

Formula: E = I * R - juriya yana dauke da cikakken, nadawa na ciki juriya na da ikon tushen da kuma juriya kara da Fed rabo daga kewaye.

Taƙaitawa akan shigarwa na substations

Duk wani shugaba wanda a halin yanzu gudana haifar da wani lantarki filin. Da ikon tushen ne a watsawa na electromagnetic taguwar ruwa. Around da ya fi girma shigarwa, substations ko kusa da janareta sets da wani tasiri a kan mutum kiwon lafiya. Saboda haka, matakan iyakance yi shafukan kusa zama gine-gine da aka dauka.

A wani tsayayyen nesa zuwa lantarki abubuwa, bayan da kwayoyin halittar da hadari shigar da majalisu matakin. Dakatar da gina high-ikon substation kusa da gidaje da kuma a cikin hanyar mutane. Iko shigarwa dole ne a tsare da kuma gated ƙofar.

High-ƙarfin lantarki Lines aka saka high sama da gine-gine da kuma sa bayan ƙauyuka. Don kawar da rinjayar electromagnetic taguwar ruwa a wani zama yankin da makamashi kafofin rufe earthed karfe fuska. A cikin sauki harka, a raga na waya.

raka'a ji

Kowane makamashi Madogararsa da kuma kewaye da aka bayyana ta da girma na gwada yawa dabi'u. Wannan simplifies da aiki na zanawa da kuma lissafi na aza a karkashin wani takamaiman rage cin abinci. Raka'a ana juna ta jiki dokokin.

Domin dabi'u na ikon kayayyaki da wadannan raka'a aka shigar:

• Resistance: R - Ohms.
• EMF: E - V.
• Reactance da impedance: X kuma Z - ohms.
• Yanzu: I - amps.
• Awon karfin wuta U - V.
• Power: P - watts.

Gina m, kuma a layi daya ikon haihuwarka

A lissafi kewaye shi ne rikitarwa, idan fili amfani da lantarki da makamashi kafofin na dama iri. Dauki la'akari da ciki juriya kowane reshe da kuma shugabanci na yanzu ta hanyar da conductors. Ga kowane ji na EMF tushen dabam ake bukata da kuma nan da nan bude kewaye a tashoshi na da baturi ga auna da yuwuwar na feed na'urar - a voltmeter.

An Rufe kewaye na'urar zai nuna da irin ƙarfin lantarki maniyyi, wanda yana da wani karami darajar. sau da yawa bukatar mahara kafofin kafin su sami zama dole iko. Dangane da aikace-aikace iya amfani da mahara iri sadarwa:

• M. EMF tushen haihuwarka kowane hada. Saboda haka, a lokacin da yin amfani da biyu maras 2 volt batura samu ta haɗa 4 V.
• A layi daya. Wannan irin tushen da ake amfani da su kara iya aiki, bi da bi, akwai wani daina aiki lokaci daga batura. EMF kewaye lokacin da irin wannan connection ba ya canza tare da daidaita maras dabi'u batura. Yana da muhimmanci a kiyaye polarity na sadarwa.
• Hada sadarwa suna da wuya amfani da, amma a yi a can. Lissafi na da resultant emf samar ga kowane rufaffiyar yankin. Yana daukan la'akari da polarity na halin yanzu da kuma shugabanci na rassan.

Ohms Mains

A ciki juriya da wutar lantarki na tushen da aka ɗauke shi zuwa lissafi domin sanin resultant emf. A general, da electromotive karfi lasafta ta da dabara E = I * R + I * r. Ina R - Resistance masu amfani da kuma r - ciki juriya. A fall daga cikin wannan irin ƙarfin lantarki da aka lasafta ta da wadannan lissafi: U = E - Ir.

A halin yanzu sunã gudãna a cikin kewaye da aka lasafta bisa ga Ohm da dokar ta da cikakken da'ira: I = E / (R + r). Ciki juriya ne iya tasiri cikin ƙarfi daga cikin halin yanzu. Don kauce wa wannan, zabi tushen to load da wadannan mulki: ciki tushen juriya ya zama yawa fiye da karami da jimlar overall juriya na masu amfani da. Sa'an nan ya yi la'akari da muhimmancinsa ne ba dole ba ne saboda kananan gefe na kuskure.

Yadda za a auna Ohms mains?

Tun da kafofin da kuma karba daga lantarki da makamashi za a amince, sa'an nan da tambaya nan da nan taso: yadda za a auna ciki da juriya na tushen? Bayan wani ohm-mita ba a haɗa zuwa lambobin sadarwa da samuwa iko da su. Don magance matsalar yin amfani da kaikaitaccen Hanyar readout - bukata dabi'u ga ƙarin canji: halin yanzu da kuma irin ƙarfin lantarki. Lissafi ne sanya bisa ga dabara r = U / I, inda U - da irin ƙarfin lantarki drop fadin ciki juriya, da kuma na - yanzu a kewaye karkashin load.

A irin ƙarfin lantarki drop aka auna kai tsaye ta hanyar da ikon tushen tashoshi. A sani kewaye an haɗa wani resistor R. Kafin maras muhimmanci ma'aunai ya kamata a rubuta ta da voltmeter tushen EMF a bude kewaye - E. Bugu da ari, load an haɗa da kuma gyarawa karatu - U dumama. da kuma yanzu I.

The bukata ƙarfin lantarki drop fadin ciki juriya U = E - U zafi. A sakamakon haka, da ake so count darajar r = (E - U kaya.) / I.