Fuko Mishel: Biography da kuma Falsafa

Fuko Mishel daga Sahaban dauke su mafi asali da kuma m falsafa a Faransa. Babban shugabanci na aikinsa - nazarin asalin mutum a tarihi mahallin, da hali na al'umma zuwa ga tunani da rashin lafiya da kuma sosai manufar shafi tunanin mutum da rashin lafiya.

Yara. boyhood

Mishel Fuko aka haife kan Oktoba 15, 1926 a kudu a wani karamin lardin gari. Iyalinsa mallakar Surgeons daular: ubansa da kakan, duka biyu mallakar da sana'a. Sun sa ran cewa Babbansu jikan kuma dan ci gaba da harkokin kasuwanci da kuma tafi a kan hanyar kiwon lafiya, amma duk da matsin lamba, yaron ya kare su hakkin ya kai dadada kuma jera koma daga magani to metaphysics. Wani banda ga mulkin ya kan biyuntakar sunansa. A iyalinsa akwai wani hadisin - duk farko-borns ba ne da sunan Bulus, amma Paul mahaifiyar kira da danta Michel, kuma da yaron ya zaɓi lokacin da ya mai suna biyu sunan. Saboda haka, a duk hukuma takardun ya bayyana kamar yadda Bulus, amma jama'a da aka sani a matsayin Mishel Fuko. Tarihinsa ne ma quite rigima.

Future sociologist, tarihi da kuma Falsafa da aka yi a mafi kyau makarantar sakandare a Faransa, amma bai iya samun a touch tare da ka 'yan'uwanmu dalibai. Average wannan ilimin da ya samu a lokacin Nazi kawancen kasashen Turai, kuma wannan ƙwarai shafa shi a matsayin mutum, ya canza kwana na cikin tunaninsa. Duk abin da ya faru a lokacin da manufofin kayyade rabo daga cikin mutane, ba za a iya dauka a kan tushen da a yau ta halin kirki da kuma da'a tushe na al'umma. Mutane tunani daban, rayukansu canza sauri, kuma ba ga mafi alhẽri, don haka sun kasance masu goyon bayan m matakan.

matasa

Bayan shigar da jami'a a shekarar 1946, wani sabon rayuwa ta fara for ashirin Michel. Kuma shi ya da yawa muni fiye da tsohon. All dalibai mugun murƙushe alhakin game da su a nan gaba, saboda jami'a suna da irin shahararren mutane kamar Sartre da Canguilhem, yana da lokaci zuwa rubuta sunansa a zinariya haruffa a tarihi. Don maimaita ko fi su hanyar, shi ya zama da cika fuska daban-daban daga wasu.

A wannan batun, Fuko Mishel sanya dabino. Ya san yadda mamaki tsawo da kuma aiki tukuru, binciken, aikin basira. Bugu da ƙari, ta sosai ilimi, irony da caustic sarcasm ne sha'aninsu dabam takwarorinsu fama da zagi. A sakamakon haka, 'yan ajinsu fara kauce wa shi, tunani ya mahaukaci ba ne. Irin wannan tashin hankali ya kai ga cewa Mishel Fuko kokarin daukar nasa rai shekaru biyu bayan samu. Wannan taron shi ne na farko ya kawo shi zuwa asibitin masu tabin hankali na St. Anne. ya yi kyau bangarorin har yanzu su ne, saboda rector haskaka m dalibi zuwa raba dakin.

jagoranta

Da farko, godiya ga wanda Falsafa Mishel Fuko ya iya faru a nan gaba, shi ne Zhak Lakan Gyusdorf. Shi ya shirya su dalibai 'laccoci a kan ilimin halin tababbu, ya kwashe su zuwa asibiti na St. Anne ta ga m horo. Next shi ne Al-Louis Tyusser, ci gaba da al'adar ya gada game da horar da dalibai. Fuko Mishel, duk da suna, zai iya yin abokai tare da shi har shekaru da yawa.

gwani

A shekara ta 1948, da Sorbonne bada marubuci wani mataki a cikin falsafa. A shekara daga baya da Paris Cibiyar Psychology ba shi da diploma, da kuma shekaru hudu daga baya Fuko Mishel sauke karatu daga wannan makaranta, amma riga sana'a psychopathology. A yawa na lokaci-cinyewa aiki na Falsafa a cikin St. Anne Hospital. Ya fada wa likita Nazarin a kurkuku, gida don rashin lafiya, karatu da rayukansu da kuma m yanayin. Saboda wannan ra'ayi ga marasa lafiya, mai tsanani ilimi aikin daskarar zamani Mishel Fuko. Biography a takaice ya bayyana wannan lokaci na rayuwarsa, domin shi kansa ba su zauna a kan shi. A asibiti ne daya daga da dama daga cikin sa'an nan France. Ta ba ta da wani muhimmanci da abũbuwan amfãni ko rashin amfani da kuma samar da wani m depressing alama lokacin da ka kalle shi ta hanyar da idanu na zamani likita.

koyarwa

Shekaru biyar, daga 1951 zuwa shekara ta 1955, Fuko Mishel sanar a Ecole Normale Supérieure da kuma koyi da su jagoranta, kuma, take kaiwa dalibai zuwa asibiti na St. Anna a kan yawon shakatawa da kuma laccoci. Yana ba da busiest zamani a cikin rãyuwar Falsafa. A lokaci guda, ya fara aiki a littafinsa "The History of hauka", wahayi zuwa gare ta Markisanci da rayuwa - m falsafa igiyoyin da lokaci. So su maimaita rabo daga Sartre da kuma kasancewa a digiri na biyu na wannan ma'aikata, da m masanin kimiyya nemi kowane damar inganta da ya halitta. Har ma yana da su koyi Jamus don karanta ayyukan Heidegger, Husserl da Nietzsche.

Daga Nietzsche da Hegel - Foucault

Bayan shekaru, a lõkacin da hali ga Markisanci da kuma rayuwa canza, da mutunta Nietzsche ta aikin da ya rage na rayuwa. Da tasiri za a iya gani a baya ayyukan Foucault. Shi ne wannan German Falsafa kai shi zuwa ga ra'ayin asalinsu, cewa shi ne, da nazarin tarihin asalin Concepts, abubuwa da kuma ra'ayoyin.

Wani facet na kerawa Mishel Fuko zamar masa dole ya Hegel. Ko kuma wajen, malaminsa Hippolyte, wanda ya mabiyin goyon bayan Hegelianism. Shi ke haka wahayi zuwa falsafar nan gaba da cewa ko da da rubutun da aka kishin da bincike na ayyukan Hegel.

Markisanci

Mishel Fuko, biography da falsafa wanda aka lauye da siyasa a Turai a wancan lokaci, ya shiga cikin Jam'iyyar Kwaminis a 1950. Amma da cizon yatsa a wadannan ra'ayoyin zo da sauri, da kuma bayan shekaru uku da ya bari da "ja" jerin. A lokacin da ya short tsaya a cikin jam'iyyar Foucault kulawa don haduwa da dalibai na Ecole Normale Superieure da kuma shirya wani irin da'irar amfane shi. Cibiyar tsakar gida juya a cikin wani debating kulob din, shugaban abin da yake, ba shakka, Michelle. Wannan bege ne ga canji, daidai halaye cikin matasa za a iya bayyana ta da cewa su yara da kuma samartaka ya faru a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, da kuma matasa - a kan aiwatar da redistribution na duniyoyin da tasiri tsakanin USSR da kuma yammacin Turai. Da suka ga yadda jaruntakar, kuma frankly qin jini ayyukan, kuma kowane daga cikinsu gabatar da kansa Resistance jam'iyyar a romantic Halo. Membobinsu a cikin jam'iyyar kwaminis ba su da damar samun kusa da mafarkansu.

Features na jam'iyyar, a m look at kewaye gaskiya, mai kaifi kin amincewa da bourgeois akida ake nuna a cikin aikin na Foucault. Amma, kamar yadda ko da yaushe, 'yan a daban-daban kwana fiye da aka bukata daga gare shi. Mafi yawa daga shi ne sha'awar ikon dangantakar. Amma shi ba a bayyane misalai, da kuma waɗanda covertly ba a cikin al'umma: iyaye-yaro, malami-dalibi, likita-haƙuri, nanata shugabansu. More daki-daki Falsafa fahimta da kuma bayyana dangantakar da take tsakanin wani likita hauka da wani tunani da rashin lafiya mutum.

tafiyarka

Rayuwa a Faransa ne gaji da Michel Foucault, kuma ya gaggauta cushe ya bags, bar zuwa ga tafiya. Da farko tasha ya Sweden, bi da Poland da kuma Austria-Hungary. A wannan lokacin, akwai wani aiki aiki a kan "History of hauka." Wannan lokaci na rayuwarsa halin da penchant ga wasu yadda ya lura Mishel Fuko ( "Biography"). Photos of gani na kasashe daban-daban da kuma ko nahiyoyi, muna bude wani sabon, rasa Falsafa. Ya lectured a Brazil, Japan, Canada, Amurka, Tunisia.

iyali

A karshen rayuwarsa, da wannan talented mutumin ya karshe samu wani wuri inda ya ya iya zama da gaske farin ciki. The dogon search ne saboda haduwar fahimtar da yarda daga Turai, al'umma yadda ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Mishel Fuko. Ya na sirri rayuwa ya kasance wani asiri, tun luwadi a kwaminisanci shiryayye kasashen ba su fito fili ya yi maraba. Amma a California, Amurka, abubuwa sun kasance ba haka bad. Akwai wanzu a raba subculture mutane da gay, suka yi yaƙi domin 'yancin, bari jaridu da mujallu. Wata kila wannan shi ne hanyar rayuwa da kuma kawo m tashi daga Foucault ta rayuwa. A kaka 1983, da Falsafa karshe ziyarci Amurka a lokacin rani na shekara ta 1984 mutuwa daga karshen-mataki HIV - AIDS.

afterword

Karatu na hauka kamar yadda wani mutum ya rarrabuwa daga jama'a da kuma ta ci gaba, al'umma ta hali ga tunani da rashin lafiya, da hulda tsakanin likita da haƙuri gamsu Foucault zaton cewa babu wanda ya ba binciken wannan matsalar daga ciki na mutum al'umma. Littafinsa - shi ne ba da tarihin ilimin halin tababbu, amma hanyar da ta ci gaba da kuma tallafi na al'umma a matsayin wani horo.

Ya kasance musamman sha'awar a cikin bangare na hauka tasiri a kan al'ada na lokaci a cikin abin da shi ne rayayye masu tasowa. Ya kusantar da daidaici tsakanin tarihi epoch da main, bisa ga kamfanin, wata alama ce ta hauka, to, wannan da aka nuna a cikin adabi, shayari, zanen da lokaci. Bayan duk, mutane na art yi ko da yaushe aka gamsu da cewa cikin tunani da rashin lafiya ya sani wasu asirin samuwar dan'adam da kuma za a iya gani a matsayin matuƙar gaskiya, kuma amma gaskiya ne ba ko da yaushe kyau da kuma dadi, saboda haka "lafiya" mutane bukatar da za a garu kashe daga cikin ayoyin da "rashin lafiya".