Smolensk icon na Uwar Allah "Hodegetria": tarihin, ma'ana. A ina ne icon na Uwar Allah "Hodegetria"

Shafin Smolensk na Uwar Allah "Hodegetria" yana daya daga cikin nau'in hoto. Idan ka yi imani da labarin, an rubuta alamar ta d ¯ a ta wurin Linjila Luka. A Rasha "Odigitria" ya fito ne kawai a cikin karni na XI. Sai kawai a cikin karni na XII ya zama sanannun Smolensk, lokacin da aka sanya shi a cikin gidan haikalin Smolensk na Assumption na Virgin.

Menene gumakan da aka yi wa addu'a?

Addu'a na Smolensk Icon na Uwar Allah ga ƙarni na girmama mutane da yawa Kiristoci da kuma taimaka aikatãwa ne m al'ajiban. Smolensk "Hodegetria" ana daukar nauyin matafiya, sun nemi ta ta kare su daga hanya mara kyau, cututtuka daban-daban, matsaloli maras kyau. Ita kuma ta yi addu'a da dukan wahalar, tana neman kariya da kuma kare gidanta daga masu bincike da abokan gaba. A cikin tarihi, Kiristoci sun nemi taimako daga Uwar Smolensk na Allah a lokuta masu tsanani na annoba.

Icon Type

Sunan gunkin shine hoton Smolensk na Uwar Allah "Hodegetria". In ba haka ba, an kira shi "Guidebook". Wannan ba ita kadai ce alama ba, wannan shine sunan daya daga cikin nau'ikan nassi na ƙa'idodi na Virgin.

Iconography ya kasu kashi iri iri iri:

• Eleusa - Mai tausayi.
• Oranta - Yin addu'a.
• Odigitriya - Jagora.
• Panahranta shine Mafi tsarki.
• Agiosoritissa (ba tare da jaririn) ba.

A wasu kalmomin, duk icons Virgin ya kasu kashi kungiyoyin, wanda kowannensu na da halayyar fasali na rubutu da hotuna. Don gano alamar, kana buƙatar ka ƙayyade yadda a cikin sararin samaniya a fuskar fuskar jaririn da kuma Uwar Allah ne aka nuna.

Menene halayen alamar "Hodegetria"? A nan hoton da yaron ya kasance mai nisa daga hoton Uwar. Kristi yana zaune a cikin makamai, ko kusa da gefe. Hannun dama na yaron-Kristi yana da alamar albarka. Tare da hannunsa yana riƙe da littafi ko gungura wanda yake nuna Shari'ar Allah. Daya daga cikin ma'anar da ake kira icon shine "Jagora": yana nuna wa masu bi cewa tafarkin gaskiya shine hanyar zuwa ga Kristi. Hannun Budurwa yana nunawa jarirai "Gaskiya, Hanyar Rai", wanda dukan masu bi da suke so su sami ceto suyi aiki.

Bayani na alamar d ¯ a

A cewar masana tarihi na Ikilisiya, alamar al'ajabi na Uwar Smolensk Uwar Allah An rubuta a ƙarƙashin rayuwar duniya na Budurwa Maryamu. Mai tsarki bishara Luka an halicce shi ne mai ban mamaki. Ayyukan da Thiohilus, tsohon Antakiya ya ba shi izini. Daga Antakiya an kai dutsen zuwa Urushalima, sannan kuma Mai Tsarki na Eudoxia ya gabatar da ita ga 'yar uwan sarki Pulcheria a Constantinople. A nan an ajiye icon ɗin na dogon lokaci a cikin cocin Vlaherna.

Kwamitin, wanda aka yi amfani da ita don rubuta gunkin, ya canza sosai a karkashin yakuri na lokaci. Yanzu yana da wuya a ƙayyade daga wace itacen da aka yi. Yana da nauyin nauyi. An nuna mahaifiyar Allah ga waƙar. Tare da hannun hagunta ta tallafa wa jariri Yesu, wanda ya dace ya zauna akan ƙirjinta. Gumma a hannunsa na hagu yana riƙe da littafi na littafi, kuma abin da ke daidai ya sa gwanin albarka. Clothing na Virgin Mary ne duhu-launi kofi, Yesu - duhu kore tare da gilding.

Wanene Virgin zai taimaka?

Smolensk icon na Uwar Allah "Odigitria" zai taimaka wajen ceton zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali a ƙasa da kowane gida. Addu'ar da aka ba wa Budurwa mai tsarki tana kare mutanenta a aikin soja wanda ke kare zaman lafiya na cikin gida. Suna yin addu'a a gare ta da kuma lokacin annobar cutar da dama. Kare "Hodegetria" da kuma duk wanda yake a cikin wata hanya don kare da hatsarori, taimaka a sami hanya madaidaiciya.

Da jin addu'ar duniya, uwargiji ta taimaka mana mu kai ga Allah, ɗanta, ya roƙe mu mu gafarta zunubanmu, don ceton mu daga fushin masu adalci. Mataimaki mai karfi, mai kare Hodegetria, amma wa ya taimaka wa?

Mai tsoron Allah kawai, ƙaunar Allah, yin addu'a yana taimaka wa Uwar Allah, yana kare daga mummunan bala'i da mugunta. Ba tare da tsoron Ubangiji ba, marar lalacewa ba zai zo don taimakon Uwar Allah ba. Ba abin da ya faru a wannan mamaki. Ta wurin muguntarsu, ayyukan zunubi, mutane sun gicciye gaskiyar Almasihu. Amma wane uwarsa za ta taimaka wa magabtan ɗanta? Uwar Allah tana baƙin ciki saboda masu zunubi masu tuba, ga wadanda suka zo wurin Allah da tuba, neman taimako tare da hawaye da kuma salloli. Budurwa ta taimaka wa masu zunubi, duk waɗanda suke so suyi hanya madaidaiciya, gyara kuskuren su, fara rayuwa mai adalci. Yana kula da wadanda suka tuba, domin waɗanda, kamar ɗan fasikanci, sun koma ga bangaskiyar Almasihu, sun furta kuma sun nemi gafartawa da kubuta daga nauyin zunubi. Wadanda ba su tuba daga zunubansu basu damu da rai ba, Budurwa Maryamu bata damu ba.

Smolensk icon na Uwar Allah. Tarihin bayyanar da Rasha

A farkon karni na biyu, sarki Byzantius Constantine IX (1042-1054) ya ba da 'yarsa mai kyau Anna ga yarima Rasha Vsevolod Yaroslavich. A cikin tafiya mai tsawo ya albarkace ta da "Hodegetria" - alama ta banmamaki. Ta fito da dan jaririn daga Constantinople zuwa ka'idar ta Chernigov. Bisa ga ɗaya daga cikin juyi kuma sabili da haka ne ake kira icon din "Hodegetria", wato, Guide.

Dan Vsevolod Yaroslavich Vladimir Monomakh a koyaushe an dauke shi dan kallo mai hankali, mai hikima da diplomasiya na lokacinsa. Ya zama sananne ne a zaman mai zaman lafiya a ƙasarsa. Bai yi fatan kawai ga dakarun duniya ba kuma ya juya tare da addu'o'in neman taimako ga Mafi Tsarki Theotokos, ya nemi taimako ya jagoranci gwamnatinsa a hanya mai kyau. Tare da girmamawa mai yawa ya canja wurin "Hodigitria" mai banmamaki zuwa Smolensk daga birnin Chernigov. A can ne suka sanya ta cikin coci na tunanin tunanin Virgin Mary wanda aka kafa, wanda aka kafa a 1101. Tun daga wannan lokacin, kuma sun karbi sunan "Hodegetria" - Smolensk icon na Uwar Allah. Tare da taimakon Allah, Vladimir Monomakh ya yi tawali'u da shugabanni marasa biyayya kuma ya zama babban shugaba a Rasha, inda aka kafa zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali.

Ayyukan al'ajabi daga gunkin. Feat da Mercury

Ayyukan al'ajabi da yawa sun fito daga wurin Odigitria, amma mafi kyau ga Smolensk shine ceto daga mamaye Tatars. A cikin 1239 wannan al'ajabi mai banmamaki ne na mahaifiyar Smolensk na Allah wanda ya ceci birnin daga mamayewar abokan gaba. Mazauna sun fahimci cewa ba za su iya magance wannan mummunan harin da Tatar ta yi ba, kuma tare da addu'o'in jin dadi, roƙon neman zaman lafiya ya yi kira ga Theotokos. Babban Mai Ceto ya ji kukansu. Tatars sun tsaya kusa da ganuwar birnin.

A wa annan lokuta a Smolensk tawagar ta bauta wa wani mai tsoron Slav mai suna Mercury. An zaba shi a matsayin Uwar Allah don ceton birnin. A ranar 24 ga watan Nuwamba, a cikin wannan Haikali, inda aka tsare Icon Smolensk na Uwar Allah, na zauna tare da hangen nesa. Mahaifiyar Allah ya bayyana gare shi kuma ya gaya masa ya canza Mercury don ya iya shiga cikin sansanin abokan gaba har ya hallaka babban dangi.

Da jin waɗannan kalmomi daga sexton, Mercury nan da nan ya gaggauta zuwa Haikali. Ya fadi da addu'a a gaban Mai Tsarki Mai Tsarki kuma ya ji Muryar. Budurwa ta tambaye shi kuma ta umurci Mercury don kare gidan Smolensk daga abokan gaba. An gargadi jaririn cewa a wannan dare ne giant Horde ya yanke shawarar kai farmakin birnin da kuma hallaka shi. Uwar Allah ta roƙi Ɗan da Allahnsa su kare su kuma ba su yaudare ga ƙasashe masu asali ba. Ta wurin ikon Almasihu, Mercury shine kayar da dangi, amma tare da nasara tare da kundin shahadar ya jira shi, wanda zai yarda daga Almasihu.

Hawaye masu farin ciki sun fito ne daga idanun Mercury, suna kira ga ikon Ubangiji don taimakawa, sai ya tafi sansanin abokan gaba kuma ya ci gwarzonsu. Sai kawai a kan rashin saninsa da jarrabawar da Tatars yayi tsammani a gaban yakin. Makiya sun kewaye Mercury, tare da tsananin iko ya yi yaƙi da su, ganinsa a fuskar fuskar Mai Tsarki. Bayan yakin basasa, jarumi ya kwanta ya huta. Wanda ya ceci Tartar, bayan ya ga mai barci na Mercury, yanke kansa.

Ubangiji bai yarda a bar magajin shahadar a hannun abokin gaba ba saboda rashin daraja, ya ba shi ƙarfin karshe. Mercury, kamar yana da rai, ya shiga birni ya kawo kawunsa. Tare da girmamawa jikinsa an binne shi a cocin Katolika. Mercury yana cikin jerin tsarkaka. A cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyarsa, tare da taimakon Virgin a cikin sunan ceton garin, kowace shekara a wannan rana (Nuwamba 24) yi sabis na godiya da tsinkayyen dare a gaban hoton "Hodegetria". A cikin Cathedral Smolensk har zuwa yau an adana takalma da baƙin ƙarfe shishak, wanda yake a ranar Mercury a wannan dare mai ban mamaki.

Zuwan wurin icon zuwa Moscow

Har yanzu ba a ci gaba da shan rikice-rikice na Tatar-Mongoliya ba, kuma sabon abokin gaba ya matsa Rasha daga yamma. A kan iyakar yamma, Smolensk ya zama ɗaya daga cikin muhimman abubuwa. Smolensk icon na Uwar Allah "Hodegetria" kuma a cikin wadanda kwanan rana sun zama patroness da wakĩli a cikin birnin.

A cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci a cikin karni na XIV, Smolensk ya shiga ƙarƙashin mulkin shugabannin Lithuania, "Odigitria" an samu a cikin heterodox.

Amma ko da a nan ne kifi na Allah ya sami ceto. Yarinyar daya daga cikin shugabannin Lithuania Vytautas Sophia ta ɗauki Vasily Dmitrievich (1398-1425), Grand Duke na Moscow. Ta kawo ta tare da ita zuwa fararren dutse mai tsarki. Don haka sai ya fito a 1398 da harshen Smolensk na Uwar Allah "Odigitria" a Moscow. An shigar da shi a cikin Cathedral Magana, a hannun dama na Royal Gates.

Mazauna Moscow sun ji daɗin alherin da aka samu daga tsohuwar "Hodigitria". Fiye da rabin karni, sun bauta mata kuma suna girmama harshen Smolensk na Uwar Allah. Amma ta wurin nufin Allah an ƙaddara ta komawa ga Uwar Allah a gidanta a Smolensk - a cikin haikalin Assumption, don kare Orthodox, shugabannin Lithuania da masu aikin mishanta suka raunana.

Komawa zuwa Smolensk

A 1456 icon na Uwar Allah na Smolensk ya koma gida. Darajar ga mutanensa, yana da launi. Dukan mazaunan suna jiran ta dawo a matsayin mu'ujiza. Kuma tawagar ta jagoranci Moscow da jagorancin Bishop Misail. Sai dai sun tambayi Grand Duke ya bar Uwargidan Smolensk ta koma gida. Yarima tare da boyars ya gudanar da majalisa, sa'an nan kuma ya yanke shawarar cika bukatar. Kafin "Hodegetria" ya tafi Smolensk, an cire lissafin ainihin daga gare ta.

Mutane da yawa sun taru a coci na Annunciation. A moleben da liturgy da aka fara yi. Dukan dangin dangi sun taru a wurin duniyar: yarima, 'yar jariri da' ya'yansu - Boris, Ioan da Yuri, dan kadan Andrey aka kawo makamai. Tare da girmamawa, duk sun sumbatar da icon. Bayan haka, tare da hawaye a idanunsa, dan sarki da kuma masaukin gari suka fitar da ɗakin daga kyot, suka mika shi ga Bishop Misail. Har ila yau, Smolensk ya ba wasu gumaka, sau ɗaya daga wurin, kodayake bishop bai yi tambaya game da shi ba. Ƙungiyar Metropolitan kadai ya nemi ya bar gunkin gidan dangi - Uwar Allah tare da jariri na har abada. An sami albarka tare da dukan iyalin sarki. Da farin ciki sarki ya ɗauki icon kuma ya sumbace ta.

Bayan haka, mai tafiyar da hankali ya gudanar da icon din Smolensk zuwa gidan sufi na Savva da Sanctified, wanda yake a filin Maiden. A nan ne aka gudanar da moleben na ƙarshe, bayan haka gunkin ya tafi Smolensk.

A mashawarcin sarki, alamar da aka ba shi an sanya a cikin coci na Annunciation a wurin da Smolensk icon na Uwar Allah "Hodegetria" ya tsaya shekaru. Kowace rana an yi moleben a nan. Jerin da aka yi daga icon din Smolensk, Grand Duke ya bar iyalinsa.

An tsara ainihin jerin icon din Smolensk a cikin 1602. A 1666, shi da "Odigitriya" da kansa sun aika zuwa Moscow don sabuntawa. Jerin da aka kafa a cikin Smolensk sansanin soja bango (a cikin hasumiyar) dama sama da Ƙofar Dnieper. A 1727 an gina cocin katako a nan. A 1802 an gina ginin coci. Alamun na shekaru masu yawa ya kare birnin daga mummunar wahala da damuwa.

War tare da Napoleon a 1812

Lokacin da hotunan Napoleon suka kai hari ga ƙasar Rasha don kare kakanin daga lalata, bishop na Smolensk Irenaeus ya sauya tsohon tarihin Girkanci na Odigitria zuwa Moscow, inda aka ajiye shi a cikin Cikin Cathedral.

Bayan da sojojin Rasha suka bar Smolensk, jerin ayyukan mu'ujiza na Odigitria, waɗanda aka kashe a 1602, sun tafi tare da su daga birnin.

Ranar daren fagen yaƙi na Borodino Smolensk Icon na Uwar Allah ya taimaki sojojin su amince da nasarar da suka samu, don yin wahayi zuwa gare su. "Hodigitria" ta dauki sansanin sojojin Rasha, sojojin, suna kallon ta, sun yi mata addu'a kuma sun sami bangaskiya da ruhaniya.

A rãnar da yakin Borodino, Smolensk icon tare da Yaren Kasar da Vladimir aka za'ayi a kusa Belgorod, Kremlin ganuwar da kuma China-gari, sa'an nan aka aika zuwa Lefortovo Palace, inda rauni aka located. Kafin barin Moscow, an aika dutsen don ajiya a Yaroslavl. Bayan yakin a ranar 5 ga Nuwamba, 1812, an dawo ta zuwa Smolensk. A cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar abokan gaba a wannan rana an yi bikin kowace shekara.

XX karni

Kusan shekaru fiye da dari sun wuce, kuma 'yan kasashen waje suka mamaye Rasha. Yaƙin Nagartaccen Kishin Kasa ya yi kiyasin rayukan miliyoyin mutanen Soviet. A hanyar abokan gaba ya tsaya Smolensk. Duk da cewa an gudanar da furofaganda na addini a kasar, dubban muminai, masu aminci ga aikin jin kai, sun nemi taimako daga mai tsaron gidan "Hodigitria". Hakan ya taimaka wa mutane Smolensk icon na Uwar Allah "Hodegetria." Ina ne Yanzu hoto na baya, ba a sani ba, bayan da yake zaune a Girkanci "Hodegetria" ya sunk. A wurin da aka samo shi, har wa yau ita ce jerin mahaifiyar Allah, wanda aka yi a karni na 17. Ya kare birnin shekaru da yawa daga matsalolin, yaƙe-yaƙe, hallaka, ya albarkaci masu bi don ayyukan kirki.

Har yanzu a Moscow

A farkon Fabrairun 2015, akwai harshen Smolensk na Uwar Allah "Odigitriya" a cikin Cathedral na Kristi mai ceto. Bayan sabuntawa, wanda ya kasance kusan shekaru uku, masu bi zasu iya ganin hoton "Hodegetria" ba tare da albashi na azurfa ba. An kashe albashi a cikin kilo 25 a 1954 a kan kyautar Smolyan. A cikin shekaru masu fama da rikice-rikice, ana iya kiran kyauta don ajiye wannan gunkin taimako mai taimako ga mutane, don haka a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar wannan albashi za a kiyaye su kuma a nuna su a cikin Cathedral Assumption dabam.

Na zauna a Moscow har zuwa 10 Fabrairu. Ranar 15 ga Fabrairu, bayan da aka rabu da shi, an sake ganawa da ita a Smolensk, ta sake gina tsohuwar wuri domin kare mahaifarta.

A nan ne wata tsohuwar labarin, mai ban sha'awa cewa Icon na Uwar Smolensk Uwar Allah ta sani. Hotuna sun tabbatar da yawancin iri iri na "Hodigitria", dukansu suna ajiyewa a kansu wani asiri mai tsarki, taimaka wa masu bi su sami ƙarfin ruhaniya kuma sun gaskanta da Gaskiyar Dan Allah.