Shewhart Deming-zagayowar management na samar da matakai

Management neman ci gaba tasiri management na samar da matakai da samfurin quality. Akwai da dama hanyoyin warware wannan matsala. Gabatar mawallafa na da ka'idar m aiwatar kyautata ta Walter Shewhart da kuma William Deming management sake zagayowar wanda aka sani a duk faɗin duniya. Sun bayar da shawarar cewa, duk da manyan bambanci a samar, da jerin ayyuka ne guda ga duk tsarin. Gaya mana game da jigon wannan ka'idar da kuma yadda za a amfani da wannan model a yi.

A ra'ayi na samar management

Organization da wani tsari, da tasiri a kan daban-daban abubuwa kira controls. Management matakai faruwa ba kawai, a wuraren aiki, kowane mutum na da tsara rayukansu, sama da fadi da iri-iri na mafita don cimma burin. Saboda haka, management - shi ne irin wannan m ikon yinsa, wanda shi ne zuwa yanzu fiye da ikon yinsa, daga samar da wani samfurin ko sabis. A ra'ayin W. Deming management sake zagayowar wanda muka duba yiwuwar, shi ne cewa management wanzu a kusan dukkanin yankunan da mutum ayyuka, da kuma suna da wani na kowa hanya na aiki. Duk wani iko alaka da tarin da kuma aiki na bayanai, yanke shawara, daidaituwa matakai, kiyasin da lura da kuma kimantawa na tasiri. Modern management aka duba yiwuwar yawa matakai, ciki har da samar, kamar yadda ayyukan. Kuma wani muhimmanci sifa wani aikin ne quality. A wannan connection, akwai na musamman yankin kamar quality management.

Babbar ka'idar quality management

A kowane fanni na samar da yau gabatar da wani ingancin management system daidai da} asashen duniya. Suna da nufin tabbatar da wata barga quality na kayayyaki, ko hidimar bayar. Quality management dogara ne a kan 'yan ka'idodi. Wadannan sun hada da mayar da hankali a kan abokin ciniki da kuma bukatun, hannu, kuma dalili na ma'aikata, da tallafi na idon basira yanke shawara dangane facts, da shugaban jagoranci da kuma ci gaba da kyautata. Shi ne game da aiwatar da karshen manufa da kuma nuna masu bincike wanda Ya halitta sake zagayowar na Deming kuma Shewhart. Quality kyautata ne m haƙiƙa na kowace kungiya. Yana maida hankali ne akan dukkan matakai na sha'anin daga mutane da kai, da aiki yanayi da ƙãre samfurin. Don inganta ingancin za a iya amfani da daya daga hanyoyi guda biyu: wani nasara da hankali. Wannan shi ne cimma ta hanyar bullo da standardization, bincike da kuma ma'aunai, kazalika da ingantawa da kuma rationalization.

ra'ayi Shuharata

American management shawara shahara masanin kimiyya Uolter Shuhart a 1930 ta warai bincika al'amurran da suka shafi na ingancin iko na masana'antu kayayyakin. Aikinsa a kan checklists, wanda suke a wajen kayyade da kallo na zaman lafiya da kuma hasashen da na duk wani tsari, ya zama wani mataki mai muhimmanci a gudanar da raya kasa. Domin shekaru masu yawa ya tattara ilimin kididdiga data saka idanu samar tafiyar matakai. Kuma ganiya da ya kimiyya aiki shi ne Deming-Shewhart iko madauki. A cikin littattafai, ya kuɓutar da ilimin kididdiga Hanyar kwanciyar hankali iko ingancin samar da matakai da karshe kayayyakin. A gudanar da Shewhart gano uku main saukarwa: ci gaban da sharuddan da tunani da kuma bayani dalla-dalla domin a saki gaba kayayyakin, samar daidai da jaddadawa, tabbaci da samfurin inganci da ta yarda da kayyade sigogi. Daga baya wannan makirci masanin kimiyya canza zuwa wani model na 4 matakai:

1. Samfurin zane.
2. Product yi da kuma gwaji a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje.
3. Samfurin Launch.
4. Dubawa samfurin a mataki, mabukaci kimantawa.

W. Shewhart samarwa wani tsari Hanyar matsayin mafi m, a management. Da ra'ayoyin da babban tasiri a kan ci gaban management ka'idar.

A ra'ayi na Deming

Almajiri W. Shewhart Uilyam Edvards Deming ya dauki don tata da kuma inganta ka'idarsa. Shi ne mahaliccin da ra'ayi da kuma sauran kungiyoyi Hanyar total quality management. Deming substantiate da ra'ayin cewa inganta ingancin da kamfanin saboda da kyautata a fannoni uku: samarwa, ma'aikata da kayayyakin. Har ila yau, a sakamakon shekaru na bincike da akwai wani tsarin na Total Quality Management, wanda ake dangantawa da farko da ci gaban Deming. A sake zagayowar na ingancin kyautata, bisa ga masanin kimiyya, yana da ba ta da iyaka, kuma yana da wata madauwari hali. Ya gano biyu manyan kasuwanci kyautata inji: tabbacin inganci (inganta samar, ma'aikatan horo , da dai sauransu ...), Kuma ingancin kyautata. Bisa ga masanin kimiyya, ba kawai don kula mai kyau matakin na quality, kana bukatar ka kullum yi jihãdi don inganta matakin. Deming karshe sake zagayowar qunshi da matakai na daban-daban yanayi. Wadannan su ne: shiryawa da aiwatarwa, gwaji da kuma aiki. Bari mu bincika halaye na kowane mataki, daki-daki.

shiryawa

Da farko Shewhart-Deming sake zagayowar hada da muhimmanci mataki, duka biyu samfurin ci gaba da kuma zane samar. Kamar yadda masu bincike, da 'yan kasuwa dole yau da kullum inganta samfurin shiryawa. Kuma domin wannan ya kafa sabon raga, don kimanta albarkatun, don yin da mafi kyau shirin aiwatar da aiki ta nada masu aikatawa da kuma deadlines. A wannan mataki yana da muhimmanci a sami matsalolin da su mafita. Don samun dakin kyautata, shi wajibi ne a hankali nazarin halin da ake ciki, da aiwatar da samar, da kasuwar. Hikimar tantance matakai za su taimaka gane yiwuwar inganta. Har ila yau, a wannan mataki, shi fa, tã sama cikakken tsare-tsaren inganta generated samarwa dabarun. A ingancin shirin damar don samar da karfi majeure da kuma sa m tushe ga kasuwanci.

kisa

Aiwatar da shirin - wani muhimmin ɓangare na management. Deming da'ira unshi da kasafi na raba ingancin iko mataki na mataki "kisa". A wannan mataki, Deming ya bada shawarar cewa ka farko fara rungumi da juna biyu a kan karamin sikelin, domin ya hana manyan-sikelin hasarori a cikin taron da gazawar. A aiwatar da tsare-tsaren da yake da muhimmanci a hankali bi umarnin da kuma bayani dalla-dalla ci gaba. A manajan dole ne a hankali kiyaye hanya da mataki a cikin kowane tsari mataki, to bi da dukan bukatun. A Deming ta manufar wannan mataki ne wajen gwaji, gwaji, maimakon taro samar. Da ƙaddamar da jerin ba ya bukatar a matsayin mai yawa da hankali shugaban, amma da farko gabatar da - su ne musamman muhimmanci. A manajan ya zama 100% tabbata cewa duk fasahar ana mutunta, domin shi ne mai garanti na quality.

dubawa

Da zarar taro samar aka kaddamar, masana kimiyya bayar da shawarar gudanar da bincike binciken. Deming hikimar tantance sake zagayowar qunshi wani babban mataki a cikin abin da bukatar kimanta yadda tsarin ya yi kokarin samun sabon m ga ingancin kyautata. Haka ma wajibi ne don kimanta da siffofin na ji na wani samfurin ko sabis da mabukaci. Don yin wannan, gudanar da wani gwaji, da mayar da hankali kungiyoyin, da kuma bincike na abokin ciniki feedback. Har ila yau, a wannan mataki, shi ne tabbatar da wani sashe bincikowa da na matakai da su yarda da fasaha nagartacce. Bugu da kari, shi ya wuce kimantawa na ma'aikata, da za'ayi ingancin iko da aikin da ma'aikata da kuma samar da key yi Manuniya (KPI). Idan ya sami wani sabawa daga cikin sa sigogi, sa'an nan gudanar da bincike domin dalilai domin wannan.

ayyuka

A karshe zamani na Deming sake zagayowar - shi ne kawar da gano take hakki da shortcomings. A wannan mataki, ya dauki dukan yiwu matakai domin ya sami shirya quality. Har ila yau ya yi rubuce daftarin aiki da kuma bunqasar da sakamakon a cikin hanyar bayani dalla-dalla da kuma umarnin. Deming sake zagayowar, da matakai na wanda ake dangantawa da matakai daban-daban na QC ya shafi cikin madauwari motsi. Saboda haka, bayan duk shortcomings kuma wuraren yiwu ingancin asarar da aka shafe, ya kamata a sake dawo wa na farko matakin da za a fara a nemi sabuwar dama ga inganta. A sakamakon kwarewa da sake zagayowar ne dole amfani a kan gaba juya, yana taimaka rage halin kaka da kuma inganta samfurin iri.

Babban ka'idodinta Deming

Deciphering ka'idarsa, da masanin kimiyyar yake samar da wani yawan postulates, wanda ake kira "Principles of Deming." Inganta sake zagayowar dangane da su, kuma ya zo daga gare su. A mafi muhimmanci ka'idojin ne da wadannan:

- The uri na nufi. ingancin kyautata, kamar yadda da rinjaye haƙiƙa kamata consistently a iya cimma biyu a cikin dabarun da dabara.

- Head ne da kaina da alhakin quality.

- Quality tabbacin kada ta kasance m, dole ne a gina a cikin sosai tsarin samar.

- Iyaka da kuma ayyuka dole ne a hankali wajaba a kansa kuma idon basira.

- Wajibi ne a karfafa sadaukar da na ma'aikatan da horo, don tilasta ma'aikata su inganta basira.

- Inganta ingancin ya zama wani ɓangare na manufa da kuma falsafar da kamfanin, kuma a bisa dukkan mabiyansa su zama manajoji.

- Ma'aikata ya kamata su iya zama alfahari da aiki.

Daga bisani, bisa waxannan postulates aka tsara babban ka'idojin kasa da kasa da ingancin tsarin.

Aikace-aikace sake zagayowar Shewhart-Deming

Model Deming-Shewhart aka mai suna "da'ira PDCA», rayayye a yi amfani da zamani management ayyuka. Deming da'ira, misali na wanda za a iya samu a cikin kungiyar na aikin kusan duk duniya ta manyan kamfanoni ne a gane ga kayan aiki da inganta ingancin kayayyakin. Mai cikakken da kuma consistently, wannan ra'ayi da aka yarda a Japan management. Deming, ana riskarsa a kasar a matsayin kasa gwarzo, ya samu dama awards, ciki har da Sarkin sarakuna hannuwanku. Har ila yau, a Japan, shi ya kafa wata lambar yabo mai suna Deming. A farkon 21st karni, manufar da aka rayayye yi amfani da Rasha management, shi ne dalilin da ci gaban kasa da kasa da kuma na kasa ingancin nagartacce.