Nau'in na dabarun a kasuwanci. Iri da kuma sha'anin ci gaban dabarun

A key bangaren na wani management tsari - dabarun. A cikin wannan tsarin shi yana gani kamar yadda wani dogon lokaci sosai cikakken umurninsa game da ci gaban da kamfanin (musamman, da dabarun da ya shafi ikon yinsa, siffofin da kuma hanyar ta aiki, da ciki dangantakar dake tsakanin dukkan mahalarta da tsarin, da m ta wuri dangane da yanayi).

Domin mafi girma tsabta, kamata rarrabe tsakanin wannan manufar manufofin da dabarun na kungiyar: na farko nuna burin jama'ar na karshen aya, yayin da na biyu - da kuma yadda za a cimma shi a cikin wani mashahurin m yanayi.

A m sharuddan, da dabarun - shirya kamfanin ta janar hanya na aiki su bi abin da ya kamata haifar a cikin dogon gudu zuwa da ake so a raga.

Abin da ake ta jagoranci a aiwatar da ma'ana wani tasiri dabarun?

A mataki na farko shi ne dole a samu amsoshin uku main tambayoyi game da matsayin da kungiyar a cikin kasuwar, wato:

1. Wane irin kasuwanci ya kamata a daina?
2. Abin da ya kamata a ba fiye da hankali?
3. Wanne kasuwanci ya kamata duba.

Iri-iri na dabaru don M. Porter

Farfesa gano uku main yankunan na ci gaba halayya da dabarun da kamfanin a kasuwa:

1. Jagoranci a minimizing samar da halin kaka. Wannan irin halin da cewa kamfanin rage kudin na samarwa, da sayar da kayayyakin zuwa m, sakamakon samun wani ya fi girma kasuwar rabo dangi zuwa da fafatawa a gasa.

Halayyar siffofin na kamfanonin da suke amfani da irin wannan dabara:

• babban matakin samar, wadata.
• fasahar ci gaba da aikin injiniya zane tushe.
• m samfurin rarraba tsarin.
• shoddy marketing.

2. specialization na samarwa. Halin da homogeneity na aiwatar da samfurin, da yin amfani da musamman kayan aiki da kuma na musamman ma'aikata. Effect - masu amfani da saya da kayayyakin da m ko da a wata mafi girma farashin.

Hankula siffofin kamfanonin ga wannan embodiment da wadannan dabarun:

• sararin m domin gudanar da bincike da kuma ci gaba;
• sosai m zanen kaya;
• ingancin iko da kayayyakin.
• tasiri marketing tsarin.

3. danƙa ga wani raba kasuwar kashi. Kamfanin mayar da hankali ba a kan dukan kasuwar, amma kawai don wani rukuni na masu amfani da. A wannan halin da ake ciki, shi za a iya za'ayi ko dai a sama specialization siyasa, ko rage girman, ko duka biyu, na biyu. A peculiarity na da irin wannan dabarun - mayar da hankali kan bukatun ba kawai kasuwa da kuma manufa rukuni na masu amfani da.

The sama iri m dabarun da damar a warware matsalar babban ga mafi yawan kamfanonin: cimma wani amfani a kan kai tsaye fafatawa a gasa. Sun kuma taimaka a kayyade daidai da yadda za a yi wannan.

The iri kasuwanci ci gaban dabarun

Wadanda suka kafa kansu a yi, an kira na asali. A cikinsu akwai hudu daban-daban fuskanci game da ci gaban da kamfanin, hade da wani canji a cikin na asali Jihar daya (ko da dama a lokaci guda) abubuwa, kamar kasuwa matsayi na kamfanin a cikin masana'antu, samfurin, masana'antu, fasahar. Kowace daga cikin wadannan aka gyara na iya zama a daya daga jihohin biyu: na yanzu ko fundamentally sabon.

Nau'in na dabarun na farko kungiyar - da mayar da hankali girma dabarun (alaka canje-canje a wani samfurin kasuwa, ko duka biyu a lokaci daya). Bayan wannan hanya, kamfanoni suna yin jihãdi ga inganta kerarre samfurin ko kokarin yin wani sabon daya, yayin da sauran a cikin tsohon masana'antu.

Amma ga kasuwar al'amari, akwai kungiyoyi suna neman dama ga kyautata na yanzu halin da ake ciki a kasuwa.

na farko da kungiyar dabarun

Ga ne zuwa kashi uku iri:

1. Strategy karfafa mukamai a kasuwar (kamfanin da aka mayar da hankali a kan marketing, aiwatar kwance hadewa - da iko a kan gasar).
2. Da dabarun na ci gaba da kasuwar (bincika sababbin kasuwanni ga kerarre samfurin).
3. A ci gaba da dabarun na baya kerarre samfurin (miƙa mulki ga samar da wani tushen sabon samfurin karkashin tsohon wadata tashar).

Na biyu kungiyar na dabarun

Landmark - fadada kamfanin ta hanyar da Accession na sabon Tsarin. Nau'in na dabarun a cikin wannan kungiya suna kira a matsayin dabarun kasuwanci na Hadakar girma. Kamfanoni koma ga su a halin da ake ciki inda kasuwanci fairly barga, kuma ba shi yiwuwa a bi na farko da kungiyar da aka bayyana a sama. A wannan yanayin, da Hadakar girma bai hana dogon lokacin da kamfanin raga. Yana za a iya samu ta hanyar saye da dukiya, kazalika da fadada daga cikin ciki.

Hadakar girma dabarun

Sun hada da wadannan iri manufofin:

1. Da baya da baya a tsaye hadewa (da girma da kamfanin ta cikin gabatarwar ko tabbatarwa daga data kasance iko da dukkan kaya, halittar wani yawan rassa domin wadata).
2. Forward-kai tsaye hadewa (girma na kungiyar ta cikin gabatarwar ko karfafa data kasance monitoring a jikin su zubar da rarraba tsarin, tallace-tallace). Wannan irin shi ne tasiri a cikin taron da wani gagarumin fadada na shiga tsakani da sabis ko rashin top-daraja shamaki ba.

Na uku kungiyar

Wannan dabarun na iri daban dabam girma. Suna amfani da shi, idan kamfanin zai iya daina ci gaba da bunkasa ta kasuwa, tare da samfurin da kuma a cikin masana'antu.

Nau'in na dabarun a cikin wannan kungiyar ne kamar haka:

1. Centered diversification (gano da kuma yin amfani da karin damar a samar da kayayyakin, tare da zama na tsakiyar mukamai a tsohuwar kasuwanci).
2. Takamaiman diversification (search kamfanin gagarumin ci gaban da dama a data kasance kasuwanni ta hanyar sabon samfurin, wani daban-daban dabara ake bukata domin yi na wanda). A nan, kungiyar kamata mayar da hankali musamman a kan samar da technologically m kayayyakin da zai iya amfani da data kasance damar da kamfanin, misali, a yankin na wadata. Saboda gaskiya cewa sabon samfurin ne da nufin manufa kashi na haihuwa (core), shi ne ingantaccen halaye ya kamata aiki concomitant riga kerarre kayayyakin. An muhimmanci yanayin - wani na farko kima na kungiyar ta mallaka iyawa dangane da samar da wani sabon samfurin.
3. Conglomerate diversification (fadada kamfanin ta hanyar samar da kayayyakin a cikin undeveloped rarraba tsarin). An yi imani da cewa wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi hadaddun cikin sharuddan aiwatar da ci gaban dabarun saboda gaskiyar cewa ta yi nasara aiwatar dogara a kan da yawa dalilai: da iyawa na ma'aikata, kasuwar seasonality, da horar da manajoji, samuwan bukata babban birnin kasar, da sauransu.

Iri dabarun da sha'anin management matakin

A manyan-sikelin kungiyar tare da rundunar tsarin irin yawanci yana da uku matakan da manyan dabarun yanke shawara:

• kasuwanci.
• kamfanoni.
• aikin.

A wasu kalmomin, da irin wannan dabarun haifar da ingantaccen aiwatar wanda za a iya samu ne kawai a lokacin da su kusa hulda. Kowane raba Layer Forms wasu manufofin yanayi domin m (dabarun shirya ƙananan mataki ne kai tsaye dogara a kan gazawar hakan dabarun).

Uku matakan da manyan dabarun yanke shawara

A farko dabarun (kamfanoni, fayil) ya bayyana janar shugabanci na kamfanin ta girma, ci gaban da ayyukan a cikin wadata-gefen saka. Yana nuna hanya don cimma wani ma'auni na dukiya da kuma ayyuka ta hanyar m management na daban -daban na harkokin kasuwanci. Dabarun yanke shawara a wannan matakin suna gane quite hadaddun ba suke da dangantaka da kungiyar a matsayin dukan.

A dabarun kamfanoni ya hada da wadannan yankunan:

• hanya kasafi bisa fayil analysis tsakanin Game da kasuwanci raka'a;
• diversification na samarwa a matsayin hanyar rage m tattalin arziki kasada da kuma cimma Matsayi;
• canji na kamfanoni tsarin.
• ci, saye da kuma shigowa cikin hadewa tsarin kamar PPG.
• universalization na dabarun mayar da hankali raka'a.

Muhimmanci yanke shawara sanya a wannan matakin, - aiwatar da kudi kayayyakin ko kasuwanci raka'a na musamman kan wani kasafin akai.

Iri sha'anin dabarun gudanarwa matakin kuma ya gabatar da wani dabarun kasuwanci (kasuwanci), wanda ya samar da dadewa m amfani na tattalin arziki naúrar. Yana aiwatuwa, kamar yadda mai mulkin, a cikin kasuwanci da tsare-tsaren da kuma nuna facts na sha'anin gasa a wani takamaiman samfurin kasuwar (manufa kashi, farashin da kuma sayar da siyasa, m abũbuwan amfãni, da sauransu.). A wannan batun, shi ne kuma aka ambata, ya bada jerin sunayen iri m dabarun. Domin kungiyoyi da cewa suna tsunduma a daya aiki, dabarun kamfanoni m ga kasuwanci.

Aikin dabarun ana ci gaba da aikin sabis a kan tushen da kamfanin sassan dauke sama (kudi, masana'antu, abinci, marketing dabarun , da sauransu.). Su burin - to sabis da rarraba albarkatun (sashen), search hali na cikin shakka daga cikin aikin raka'a a cikin sauran dabarun. An misali a cikin marketing sashen - mayar da hankali a kan gano hanyoyin da kara tallace-tallace kundin idan aka kwatanta da baya lokacin.

M dabarun: magani, iri

Yana da wani model na m hali a wasu kasuwar yanayi. Wannan dabarun - daya daga cikin kungiyar da ta management kayan aikin. Bisa ga halayya al'amurran da abun ciki, wadannan iri bidi'a dabarun:

- aiki:

a) fasaha shugabanci (cin gaban sabuwar irin samfurin da kuma fasaha, zuba jari a cikin R & D, m management model, har ma a high-hadarin da yanayi).

b) bi shugaba (da yin amfani da fasahar ci gaba da sauran kamfanoni);

c) up (a kan tushen da kungiyar na samar saya daga shugaban ko developer lasisi).

g) dogara (kwaikwayo na wani sabon samfurin).

- m.

M dabarun kuma za a iya classified bisa ga sikelin:

• niyya mai alkuki.
• niyya ga wani takamaiman kasuwar;
• da nufin dama kasuwanni.

Da abun ciki na wadannan iri bidi'a dabarun:

• fasahar.
• bayanai matakai.
• management model.
• canje-canje zaman.

Masomin - manufa (halitta na da ra'ayin, saboda wanda kamfanin da aka halitta). A wannan hasashe ci gaba da] aukacin dabarun da kamfanin.

Duk na sama iri m dabarun da wadannan farko mataki:

• kima na halin yanzu na waje yanayi na kamfanin.
• halayyar fasali na ciki yanayi (fasaha, kimiyya, m damar da al.).

Irin marketing dabarun

Su za a iya classified bisa ga wadannan jagororin:

1. Tare da girmamawa ga ikon yinsa, daga cikin kasuwar:

• ci dabarun (sabon samfurin ci gaba, mabukaci dalili, tasowa sabon yankunan haihuwa kayayyakin, amfani).
• fadada dabarun (karuwa a samar da girma, da ci da sabon kasuwar segments).
• monopolization na kashi (search manufa abokin ciniki kungiyoyin, inda babu gasar, halittar wani sabon samfurin gare su, mabukaci dalili a cikin wannan bangaren);
• riƙewa na kasuwa ta a duk manufa segments (cikakken ci gaban da kewayon da ya dace da irin kaya).

2. Kamar yadda wani muhimman hakkokin factor, wadda tabbatar bukatar, wadannan iri marketing dabarun:

• kaya daga high bukatar (girmamawa a kan samar da ake bukata rinjaye na mabukaci kaya ba tare da tunani zuwa kungiyar membobinsu).
• high quality kayayyakin (girmamawa a kan iyakar yiwu daga cikin hadayu a kan kasuwar da samfurin ingancin samfurin).
• farashin matakin (price siyasa game da samfurin, wanda shi ne samuwa ga mafi).
• Innovation (halittar wani samfurin ciwon ba analogues).
• abokin ciniki biyayya (landmark - cikakken gamsuwa da bukatun data kasance abokan ciniki);
• bayan-tallace-tallace da sabis (girmamawa a bayan-tallace-tallace-sabis).
• ƙarin tsabar kudi amfani (bashi tsarin na rangwamen, kari, biyan bashin da installments).

3. Bisa ga digiri na ci gaba marketing siyasa suna da wadannan dabarun:

• karbuwa ga bukatar (kasuwar bincike, da definition mabukaci bukatar, samar da wani samfurin cewa ya gana da bukatun).
• halittar bukatar (da samuwar da ra'ayoyi da dukiya, ta ci gaba, gabatarwa da bukatun abokan ciniki a cikin halitta samfurin).

4. A mayar da martani ga halin yanzu kasuwar tafiyar matakai da wadannan iri kasuwanci dabarun (marketing):

• adapting to gudana canje-canje (iya saka idanu da halin da kasuwa da kuma m mayar da martani ga canza shi).
• forecast (gaba canji kan shirye-shiryen da aka yi hasashen).

5. A mayar da martani ga masu kuzarin kawo cikas na marketing dabarun raba kasuwar halin da ake ciki wannan hanyar:

• karbuwa daga samarwa (raguwa ko karuwa bisa canje-canje a cikin mabukaci bukatar a fitarwa).
• kewayon canji (kyautata na samfurin da bambance-bambancen karatu, gyara, halittar musanya).
• farashin canji (karbuwa daga farashin manufofin).
• canza tallace-tallace tashoshi (amfani da daban-daban na tallace-tallace).

6. A dangane da samfurin da aka zaci su saka da wadannan iri kamfanin dabarun (marketing):

• bidi'a (samar da wani sabon samfurin, kamfanin ta sadaukar da jagoranci a cikin dacewa kasuwar).
• "Na biyu wuri" (bi shugaba).
• inganta m kayayyakin (kyautatuwa ko bita daga cikin amfanin m kayayyakin da ta dace da).

Personnel dabarun: definition, iri

Shin wajen samar da shugabanci na fifiko da kuma mafi inganci hanya na aiki don cimma dadewa a raga kamar halittar sosai gwani, kusa-Knit, alhakin sandarsa, bayar da data kasance dabarun manufofin da kamfanin da ta yiwuwa.

Yana yanke shawarar ware wadannan iri daukar ma'aikata dabarun:

• harkokin kasuwanci.
• tsauri girma.
• riba.
• tsiyacewa.
• sake zagayowar.

Kamar yadda mafi yawan manyan kamfanoni, da mutum albarkatun dabarun - ɓangare na sauran tattalin arziki, kazalika da sakamako na dogon lokaci shiryawa da gudanar.

Summing up, yana da daraja don tunatar da cewa, babban iri m dabarun - wani shugaba a fagen kudin mayar da hankali da kuma bambantawa.