International aikin management nagartacce

Idan akwai wani matsala da ingantawa da ayyukan, da kuma batun na yarda bayyana da kanta. Wannan kai tsaye kasuwanci bukatar, rayayye da ake ji aikin management dabaru. A manajan aiki a kalla wasu sha'awar tabbatar da abin da sana'a da kwarewa ga abokan aiki da kuma ma'aikata. Ya so ya tabbatar da ilmi da basira a matsayin PM mai sana'a da kuma samun biya musu da wata fee. A dangane da wannan muhimmanci sosai aikin management nagartacce. Bayan duk, dangane da su, za ka iya gudanar da aiki da kuma tabbatar da nasu kwarewa.

nagartacce

Standards aka dauke su da kullum da kuma samfurori da abubuwa da suke da m tare da wasu irin mamaki. Zaka kuma iya kiran daftarin aiki misali, wanda ya qayyade dokoki, dokoki da bukatun, don tantance yarda da su a cikin ma'aikata. Kawai tsakanin farko da na biyu definition ne wani muhimmin bambanci. A farko dace da manufa, da kuma na biyu ya ƙunshi kawai a shawarwarin a kan yadda za ta bullo da shi.

Duniya yana da fiye da rabin karni, da aka gudanar daban-daban zane yi. Saboda haka, miliyoyin hanyoyin wannan yanayi da aka za'ayi, ciki har da wadanda wadda amfani da musamman bayani da matsaloli daban-daban. A wannan connection, kuma akwai bukatar su systematize wannan tsari, ta hakan da kuma daidaituwa. Saboda haka, yana ƙarshe ya zama mai raba reshe na management, inda akwai da dama aikin management hanya da kuma nagartacce.

Na farko, ya zama dole domin ayyana wani na kowa terminology da Concepts su iya samun daga baya kuma sun takaita da bukatun ga aikin da ta quality. Gudanar da ci gaban daban-daban aikin management fasahar. A wannan hasashe, shi ne ma'ana cewa akwai bukatar sanin abin da kuma halayya da basira da wani mutum yana bukatar da za a tsunduma a aikin management, da kuma abin da matakai da ya kamata dauki zama nasara shugaban.

iri nagartacce

Saboda haka, akwai bukatar kafa cibiyoyin koyon iko a wannan yankin. A farko, duk abin da aka za'ayi a matakin kasa, sa'an nan ya faru da kasa da kasa. Saboda haka, wa'yannan cibiyoyin suna tattara, tara da kuma ginannun kwarewa a fahimci yadda za a gudanar da wani shiri, don haka da cewa shi ya ba da wani kankare sakamakon. Don sanin ko aikin management matsayin, aka bincikar kuma hada da ayyuka mafi kyau. Don cim ma wannan, management yana amfani da biyu aka gyara: abu da kuma na ra'ayin wani. Wannan yana dauke da mutum ayyukan da dukan kamfanin, tare da cancantar bukatun na aikin manajoji. Saboda haka, akwai methodological mafita zuwa:

1. Ma'ana da kuma fahimtar da terminology, abu na aiki da wannan yanki da kuma rawar da dukkan mahalarta a cikin aikin.
2. Tabbatar da ci gaba da kuma gudanar da kwararru da suka gudanar da aiki zane irin aiki da kuma karuwa yi da kuma yadda ya dace da wadannan ayyukan.
3. A lokacin da takardar shaida ne da farko wani kima da kuma tabbaci daga m kwararru, kuma abu na biyu da kansu kimanta ayyuka amfani da wadannan ma'aikata.

aikin management nagartacce za a iya raba hudu iri: kasa da kasa, na kasa, masana'antu da kuma sha'anin.

PMI Cibiyar Standards da kuma

Development of aikin da fasahar sarrafa fara a Amurka a cikin sittin. Yana da aka shafa a yawan dalilai, shugaban jarumawan da suka zama m nukiliya zamanin, gasar tare da Tarayyar Soviet ga ci na sararin samaniya da kuma samar da sabon tsaro da dabarun. Akwai wani lokaci na babban canji, da kuma bukatar kafa aikin management da kuma haifar da wata duniya koyi ga wannan kawai undeniable. Saboda haka, a shekarar 1969, Amurka halitta na farko ba riba kungiyar Project Management Institute, wanda ke tsunduma a cikin ci gaban da nagartacce. Project Management dangane da PMI matsayin da aka gudanar a duniya da kuma ma'aikata fiye da miliyan uku kwararru a wannan fanni.

Kamar wancan ne aka halicci asali misali, bisa hanyoyin da management a matsayin tsarin na jimlace kwarewa da nasara ayyukan, wanda aka kai a kai nazari da ma'aikata na Cibiyar. Wannan jagora , kuma shi ya zama na kasa misali a fagen aikin management a cikin nahiyar Amirka. The yawan aiki da kuma nasarar wannan misali ya kawo shi daga kasa zuwa matakin kasa da kasa. Saboda haka, a lokacin bisa PMI PMBOK misali aikin management amfani da kamfanoni a duniya. Kuma kullum ci gaba sabon versions daga cikin misali, bisa yau da kullum tari na ayyuka mafi kyau da kuma ka'idojin ilimi.

Hulda model na aikin management matakai

aikin management ka'idar kafa tushen PMBOK Guide. An gina a kan key al'amurran da aiwatar model da kuma daukan la'akari duk bulan na aikin rai sake zagayowar. Bugu da kari, yana daukan cikin lissafi duk aikin yankunan na ilimi alaka da management yankunan da su interactions a cikin bincike da wurin. An muhimmanci wuri a cikin misali daukan gudanar da shirin. Kafin akwai wani farko edition, Institute shekaru ashirin da tattara da zama dole data da kuma bayanai. Kuma riga a 1986, PMI ya bayar na farko shiriya a kan tushen da su gudanar da bincike, wanda ake kullum inganta daidai da zamani yayi. A halin yanzu, akwai biyar daban-daban bugu da cewa nasarar taimaka kasuwanci ci gaba da kuma wakiltar Amirka kasa aikin management nagartacce.

ISO misali

Hakika, a duniya akwai mutane da yawa matsayin cewa sun zo duniya matakin. Kuma kowanne daga cikinsu shi ne mai zafin gasar don samun wani wuri na shugaba na aikin management fasahar. Akwai m ci gaban da kasuwar da takardar shaida, kuma shawarwari ayyuka. Yana magana game da al'amurra na wannan shugabanci. Kuma babbar ɓangare na kasuwar iya daukar cewa kamfani cewa sami ikon a dukkan matakai - daga masu sana'a ga duniya. Wannan shi zai magance tare da horo da kuma takardar shaida na kwararru, masu tasowa, a sakamakon sabõda su.

ISO (ISO) ne mafi tsufa kuma mafi iko duniya kungiyar sadaukar da standardization kusan duk wuraren kasuwanci da kuma fasaha. Saboda ta shi ne shugaban standardization a duniya matakin, yana da hakkin ya gabatar da wani sabon matsayin a cikin tsarin, abin da yake, a gaskiya, shi ne ta babban bambanci daga wasu kamfanoni. Shi ne iya samar da kansa marasa aibu tashoshi na gabatarwa, kamar yadda na taimaka wa komai haqqinsa gefe na kusan dukan jihohi. Gaskiyar ita ce, duk damar domin jagoranci ya saki kamfanin ISO 21500 aikin management misali: 2012. Wannan shi ne asali mai shiryarwa zuwa Project management a yawancin kasashen duniya.

Ba kamar ISO 21500: 2012 daga PMBOK

A farko misali a fagen gudanar da kamfanin ya kafa ISO a 2003. Yana dauke da ainihin jagororin cewa zai iya tabbatar da ingantaccen kisa da aikin. Duk da kamfanin ta da tsare-tsaren taro rarraba da daftarin aiki, suka ba shi barata. Saboda haka, ta 2012, ISO ya ɓullo da sabon daftarin aiki, tare da hadin gwiwar PMI. Project Management ya zama yanzu misali kama ta gasa ta fuskoki da dama. Wannan ne yafi nuna a cikin adana daidaito da kuma cikawa na da samfurin.

Key siffofin na misali kamar haka:

• selection na mafi kyau duka hanyoyi don aiwatar da aikin, ko da kuwa da jaddadawa.
• wani overall hoto cewa shi ne m ga dukkan mahalarta na aikin, na nuna tasiri management akida, da kuma sunadaren.
• samar da wani akai don inganta zane yi.
• ne daga tushen cewa hadawa da bukatunsu na duk matakan a fagen aikin management.

Sai dai itace cewa wadannan biyu nagartacce suna kama a ciki. A mafi m bincike na bambanci tsakanin ayyukan da aka Yaren mutanen Poland masanin kimiyya Stanislav Gashik nuna rubutu duk da bambance-bambance a cikin standardization na aikin management.

standardization shugabanci ICB IPMA

IPMA International Project Management Association da aka kafa a Switzerland a 1965. Babban manufar halittarsa ya musanya abubuwan tsakanin aikin manajoji na daban-daban jihohi. Kuma a 1998, mun kafa manufar tsarin na takardar shaida na sana'a ma'aikata a fagen ayyukan. Wancan ne, wannan tsarin ya kamata ya samu wani misali a kan tushen da wanda zai zama don shaida da iyawa da masana. Kuma haka dai aka ci gaba da misali ICB, dangane da kwarewa da kuma shan la'akari da kasa da bukatun ga iyawa da mafi kasashen Turai. A lokaci guda, da hudu-matakin model na takardar shaida da aka amince.

Ya bambanta da riga aka bayyana a kasa da kasa da kuma kamfanoni aikin management matsayin, ICB IPMA dauki harsashinsa structuring kwarewa, ilmi da fasaha na shugabanni, a fannin aikin management. Its main manufa shi ne ya kafa duniya yarda da bukatun ga iyawa da PM kwararru. A lokacin can ne bugu na uku a wadda 46 abubuwa taru a uku kungiyoyin: fasaha, halayya iyawa da kuma sasantawa. A karshen da aka bayyana a cikin ikon shugaban to gina tasiri dabarun shafe dukkan masu ruwa da tsaki.

Akwai aka kuma ci gaba a Schematic alama ce dimbin yawa idanu. Yana bada jerin sunayen duk na kungiyoyin. A jagora ne babu takamaiman bayanin irin dabaru, matakai ko kayan aikin na management. Amma wannan hanya, da ta dace tsarin kula da ilimi, basira da kuma sadarwa. Amma zai iya taimakawa domin sanin ko da mai nema ga rawar da shugaban na Jamhuriyar Moldova a shirye yake ya dauki ofishin da kuma cikin abin da yankunan da shi har yanzu yana bukatar a ci gaba.

Daga wannan ya bayyana cewa shi ne diametrically daban-daban matsayin, dangane da wanda daban-daban hanyoyin da takardar shaida. PMI takardar shaida ba ka damar samun muƙamin na PMP, da kuma na kasa da kasa aiki management nagartacce ne guda a cikin wannan harka. Get bokan a kasar mu iya zama a cikin babban birnin kasar da kuma St. Petersburg. Kana bukatar ka tafi, ta hanyar matakai uku, wato: wata hira, wuce wani jarrabawa da kuma wuce pre-share-fage.

Idan muka dauki matsayin dalilin da m aiki da tsarin, a cikin hali na American Hanyar fuskantarwa ne zuwa guda sa na ilimi da kuma kyama. Amma IPMA bincika kasuwanci da kuma mutuntakar mai nema.

Prince 2 misali

Wani kasa aikin management Prince 2 misali da aka ɓullo da a Birtaniya da kuma a halin yanzu amfani a duniya. Amma yin gasa da American jagoranci, ya ba iya, domin shi ne mai zaman kansa Hanyar ga wasu iri ayyukan. A karkashi kwanta bayyana umarnin cewa tsiraru da tabbatar da AMINCI na tasiri aiwatar da aikin. Duk da iyaka ikon yinsa, daga tuta, ɓullo a Ingila, shi ne har yanzu amfani da yadu isa. Its amfani a cikin IT-zane, da ci gaba da kuma da kasuwar kaddamar da sabon kayayyakin, a cikin gidaje da kamfanoni, a kan aikin injiniya da kuma a cikin jama'a kansu.

A hanya ya hada da tushe sassa, da tsare-tsaren, kungiyar, inganci da kasada ne, a cikin wasu abubuwa. A cikin aikace-aikace na wannan aikin management ingancin nagartacce ga wasu sets bukatar kullum saka idanu a hankali da kuma bi fasaha, wanda shi ne mai cikakken kuma warai aka bayyana a cikin hanya. Akwai m gyara ga aikin kiyaye muhalli, da ƙarni na management kayayyakin da kuma goyon bayan su tare da takardun. Sau da yawa kan yi amfani da bakwai ka'idojin, jigogi da kuma matakai. Wannan ba ka damar cimma wasu yi ma'aunansa na ingancin ayyukan. Amma akwai wani drawback - babu nazari game da gudanar da wadata na lamba, sha'awar jam'iyyun da akwai da dama sauran matakai, wanda aka bayyana a cikin American duniya aikin management misali.

Yi selection da kuma hada da yin amfani da matsayin

Akwai kuma Rasha na kasa nagartacce shafi aikin management. Gaskiyar cewa da yawa kamfanonin fi son yin amfani da waje matsayin for takardar shaida da kulawa da ayyukan. Amma a lokaci guda daban-daban a jihar matsayin ci gaba ga mutum kamfanoni, kazalika da} asashen duniya.

Game da jeri na matsayin, cewa ba tare da shi a lokuta da dama kawai ba zai iya yi ba tare da. Alal misali, kamfanoni amfani da Birtaniya matsayin, na bukatar ƙarin hanya kama da PMBOK. Bi da bi, da yin amfani da kawai boyayyar hanyar kaiwa zuwa karancin sarrafa hanyoyin. Amma ISO ko daidai - aikin management misali Gost R ISO 21500-2014 - iya kafa dunkule bukatun, ba tare da ya daidaita da takamaiman kamfanoni da bukatun. A general, da yin amfani da wani hanya dole ne daidaita da wa management al'adu na kungiyar, inda aka yi amfani da.

ƙarshe

Bayan nazari kusan dukan manyan kasashen duniya aikin management nagartacce, za mu iya amince ce cewa m nagartacce ba su shafi a yi, ba tare da kasashen waje tarawa. Bi da bi, kasashen duniya na bukatar ingantawa da kuma gyara ga haukan da kuma gudanar da tsarin a cikin kasar. Saboda haka, abin da kaɗai bar ƙidãya su, yana cewa nan da sannu za mu yi modified m nagartacce, don biyan bukatun harkokin kasuwanci da kuma aikin management Sphere. Amma har wannan ya faru, shi wajibi ne mu hada daban-daban nagartacce a fagen aikin management domin tasiri sakamakon aikin kwararru a PM.