Shekaru na tarihin tarihi na duniya a cikin tsari na lokaci-lokaci. Ana fitar da rayuwa

Geochronology wani ɓangaren yanayi ne na dukan tarihin duniya a cikin lokaci mai tsawo, wanda ke nuna alamun wasu alamun. Kwanan lokaci na tarihin muhalli na duniya a cikin tsari na lokaci-lokaci sun karu a farkon majalisa na kasa da kasa na masana kimiyya. Ana amfani da rabuwa na lokaci a cikin ilimin geology, geography da kimiyya.

Tsare-tsaren lokaci

Akwai ma'auni guda biyu waɗanda ke ƙayyade lokacin wanzuwar duniyarmu. An kira su: stratigraphic, nazarin sassan burbushin burbushin halittu, da geochronological, la'akari da canji a cikin tsarin kwayoyin halitta da maras kyau. A lokuta masu yawa na lokaci, lokuttan geological na ci gaba na duniya sun kawo sunayensu na musamman: eons, epochs, periods, centuries, times. Har ila yau, akwai lokutan lokaci kaɗan, wanda aka ambata a cikin ayyukan kimiyya, amma don fahimtar tarihin duniya ba su taka rawa ba.

Mafi yawan lokaci

Dangane da mahimmanci, tarihin tarihi na tarihin muhalli na duniya a cikin tsari na lokaci-lokaci ya kasu kashi uku na lokaci, wanda masana kimiyya suke kira eonotems:

• Archean;
• Proterozoic;
• Phanerozoic.

Wannan rukuni yana da yanayi daban-daban. Lokacin farko na rayuwa ya wuce fiye da biliyan 2, kuma na karshe ya kasance kimanin shekaru miliyan 512. Tarihin muhalli da kuma tarihin rayuwa a duniya sun danganta da juna. Sauye-sauye masu yawa a cikin yawan adadin yawan oxygen, ruwa, gyare-gyare da matsalolin yanayi da kuma yanayin zafi yana haifar da samfurin samfurin a cikin juyin halitta. Kula da wannan dangantaka zai zama misali na taƙaitaccen bayanin fasalin lokaci uku na duniya.

Archaean

Archean da Proterozoic sau 4/5 na dukan tarihin wanzuwar duniyarmu. Daga lokacin Archean zai fara tarihin duniya. Sashen lokaci sikelin motsa farkon Archean tsawon biliyan 4 da suka wuce. Lokacin Archean - mafi tsufa, mafi tsawo a lokaci - yana da kimanin shekaru 12. A wannan lokaci ne duniyarmu ta damu, an kafa ginshiƙan ƙarfe, an kafa manyan duwatsu masu mahimmanci irin su diorite da granite. Harkokin tarihi na zamanin dā, masana kimiyya sun gano a gefen Greenland Shield. A tsakiyar tsakiyar Archean, an kafa nahiyar na farko, wanda masana kimiyya sun kira Valbaru.

A lokaci guda kuma, an haifi rayayyun halittu masu rai a duniya. Mafi mahimmanci, sun kasance kwayoyin anaerobic. Tsarin rayuwa ya danganta da matakai na photosynthesis, wanda ya raba dukkan kwayoyin halittu cikin tsire-tsire da dabbobi. Na farko photosynthesis ya faru ne a cikin algae-kore algae da kuma a cyanobacteria, wanda yana da tsarin na ciki na farko don haka basu da ma'ana.

Proterozoic

Zaman farko a cikin tarihin Proterozoic yana haifar da ƙananan ƙananan yanayin oxygen a yanayin. Watakila wannan ya faru a lokacin wani mummunan hatsari na duniya, amma har ma wannan canji ya zama mummunar cutar micro-organisms anaerobic - a gare su, oxygen kwayoyin ya zama m. Saboda haka, da farko rayayyun kwayoyin halitta a duniya ya mutu daga, sa shi yiwuwa ya zama wasu siffofin na rayuwa, da nufin amfani da Ya _2.

A cikin yanayi, yawan carbon dioxide yana raguwa kuma adadin ruwan ya ƙaru - an kafa Ƙarƙashin Duniya ta farko, wanda, ba shakka, ya fi ƙanƙanta fiye da yau. Kuma cibiyoyin na ci gaba da shiga sabuwar nahiyar, wanda ake kira Rodinia - wannan taron ya faru shekaru miliyan 1150 da suka wuce. A ƙarshen wannan lokacin, fararen kankara na farawa, wanda ya haɗa da kawar da kwakwalwan katako da, yiwuwar, sauyawa a cikin lokacin juyawa na duniya. A wannan lokaci, masana kimiyya sun nuna cewa sun samo asalin rayayyun halittu na farko - wannan ne saboda fitowar kwarangwal a cikin halittu masu rai.

Phanerozoic

Mafi kusa da mu lokaci na tarihi na tarihi na Duniya a cikin tsarin lissafin lokaci yana nuna sunan Phanerozoic. Abinda mafi bayyane na wannan lokacin shine bayyanar rayuwa a cikin zamani na kalmar. Zamanin Phanerozoic ya fara shekaru miliyan 542 da suka wuce kuma ya ci gaba har yau. Rashin haɓakaccen iskar oxygen ya haifar da gagarumar nasara a fitowar sababbin tsire-tsire da dabbobi. Masana kimiyya suna kiran wannan fashewa ta Cambrian. A cikin Phanerozoic, mafi yawan nau'o'in shuke-shuke na zamani sun bayyana, dabbobi kuma sun samu kashin baya kuma suka zama sabon nau'i na halittu masu rai a duniya.

Wannan rukuni yana ba da ra'ayi na yadda masana kimiyya ke kira lokacin tarihin muhallin duniya. A cikin tsari na zamani, suna da sauƙin tunawa - wasikar farko na Archain, Proterozoic da Phanerozoic an shirya su a cikin jerin haruffa.