Sergei Esenin - tarihin rayuwa da aikin mawãƙi. Yaushe ranar haihuwar Sergey Yesenin?

Sergey Yesenin. Sunan babban mawaka na Rasha - masanin zuciyar mutane, mashahurin mashawarcin Rasha, sananne ne ga kowa da kowa, waƙoƙi sun daɗe sun zama 'yan Rasha, kuma a ranar haihuwar Sergei Esenin, magoya bayan aikinsa sun tattara.

Oh, kuna yin sirri! Mene ne sirrin tafiya?

Ƙarar aspen.

Mahaifina shi ne ƙauye ne,

To, ni ɗan habasha ne.

Sergei Yesenin: tarihin marubucin Rasha

Yankin Ryazan. Garin kauyen Konstantinovo. A shekara ta 1895, an haifi mawallafi wanda ayyukansa masu sha'awar aikinsa suka faranta masa rai. Oktoba 3 shine ranar haihuwar Sergei Yesenin. Tun lokacin yaro, yaron ya kasance a kan tayar da kakanta da kakanni a kan mahaifiyar mama, mai girma sanannun wallafe-wallafe. Sabili da haka, daga cikin abubuwan da suka fara nunawa game da yaran yara na ruhaniya ta hanyar haɗuwar makafi, da kuma labarun ƙaunatacciyar ƙaunata, ya sa mawaki mai zuwa ya kasance da kerawa, wanda ya ƙare a shekaru 9.

Sergei ya kammala digiri daga aji na 4 na makarantar zemstvo na gida, ko da yake ya yi nazarin shekaru biyar: saboda rashin kyautar da aka bari a shekara ta biyu. Ya ci gaba da samun ilimin a cikin Ikilisiyar Spas-Klepikovo da makarantar Ikklisiya, wanda ya horar da malaman karkara.

Babban birnin Rasha: birane na sabuwar rayuwa

Lokacin da yake da shekaru 17 sai ya tafi Moscow, ya sami aiki a shagon kantin, inda mahaifinsa ya zama sakataren. Bayan rikici tare da iyaye, ya canza aikin yi: ya tafi littafin bugu, sa'an nan kuma zuwa gidan bugawa a matsayin mai gwadawa. A can ne ya sadu da Anna Izryadnova, wanda ya haife shi, mai shekaru 19, a cikin watan Disamba na shekarar 1914, ɗan Yuri, a harbe shi a shekarar 1937 a kan hukuncin da aka yanke a rayuwar Stalin.

Yayin da yake zaune a babban birnin kasar, mawaki ya shiga cikin layi da kuma na kaɗaici. Surikov, ya shiga ma'aikata masu tawaye, wanda ya ba da hankali ga 'yan sanda. A 1912, a matsayin mai ba da labari, na halarci karatun A. Shanyavsky's People's University a Moscow. A nan ne Yesenin ya sami tushe na ilimi na jin dadin jama'a, sauraron laccoci akan litattafan Turai da Turai. Yau ranar haihuwar Yesenin sanannun masu sha'awar aikinsa - Oktoba 3, 1895. Ana fassara ayyukansa zuwa harsuna da dama, an haɗa su a cikin tsarin makarantar da ake bukata. A yau, mutane da yawa suna sha'awar irin nau'in dangantaka da mawaki ya gina tare da jinsi mai kyau, ko matan Sergey Yesenin ƙaunata, shin ya yi maimaita? Abin da (ko wanda) ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ya halicci; Don ƙirƙirar cewa bayan karni daya waqan waqansa ya dace, mai ban sha'awa, ƙauna.

Rayuwa da aikin Sergei Yesenin

A farko bazawa na ayyukan Esenina ya faru a shekara ta 1914 a cikin Metropolitan mujallolin, amma farkon da ta yi nasara a wasansa na farko da aka waka da ake kira "Birch". A hankali a cikin karni na haihuwar Sergei Yesenin za a san kusan kusan kowane ɗaliban makarantar, amma yanzu mawalla ya ci gaba da kan hanya ta ƙayayyar da ke haifar da sanannun da sanarwa. A Petrograd, inda Sergei ya tashi a cikin bazara na 1915, yana gaskanta cewa duk wani littafi na wallafe-wallafen ya maida hankali ne a cikin wannan birni, ya karanta ayyukansa ga Blok, wanda da kansa ya zo ya fahimci. A cikin liyafar liyafar da marubutan mawallafi da ke kewaye da su da kuma yarda da waqoyinsu ya yi wahayi zuwa ga wakilin rukunin kasar Rasha da kuma filayen nesa don ci gaba da kerawa.

Gane, wallafa, karanta

Talent Sergeya Esenina gane Klyuev NA, Gorodetsky SM, AM Remizov, NS Gumilyov, saba da wanda saurayin da aka zamar masa dole ya toshe. Ana buga dukkan waqoqin da aka kawo, da kuma Sergei Yesenin, wanda labarinsa har zuwa yau yana da sha'awa ga magoya bayan mawallafin, ya zama sananne. A cikin wakoki tare tare da Klyuev a gaban jama'a, an tsara shi a matsayin mutane da kuma ƙwararrun masarauta, mawallafin matasa masu launin fata suna fitowa a takalma na laccoci da kuma kayan ado. Ya kusanci al'umma na "sababbin mawaka" kuma yana jin dadin wannan jagora. Babban mawallafin shayari na Yesenin shine wakilai na Rasha, ƙaunar da ta shafi duk ayyukansa.

A shekara ta 1916, an zabe shi a cikin sojojin, amma saboda damuwa da matsalolin abokansa, an sanya shi a matsayin likitoci ga rundunar soja ta daular Alexandra Feodorovna, wadda ta ba da marubuci damar ziyarci gidajen tarihi ba tare da hana shi ba, don halartar bikin kide-kide, don halartar taro.

Ƙasashen waje a cikin aikin mawaƙi

Ka'idar Oktoba da aka karɓa ta hanyarsa da farin ciki kuma tare da sha'awar ya rubuta wasu ƙananan waƙoƙin "The Heaven Drummer", "Inonia", "Kogin Urdun", wanda aka dauka tare da nunawa ga canje-canje na gaba; Rayuwa da aikin Sergei Yesenin sun kasance a farkon wata hanya, amma ba a sani ba - tafarkin daukaka da fahimta.

A shekara ta 1916, an wallafa littafi na farko na Yesenin "Radunitsa", wanda masu sauraro suka karɓa da farin ciki wanda suka gano shi da sabon yanayin, da ɗanɗanar ɗan littafin da abincinsa. Sa'an nan kuma, daga shekara ta 1914 zuwa 1917, Goluben, Rus, Marfa-Posadnitsa, da Mikola sun buga, suna nuna alamomin musamman ta Yesenin tare da inganta dabbobi, tsire-tsire, abubuwa masu ban mamaki da suka hada da mutum , An haɗa shi da tushen yanayi, duniya mai kyau, jituwa da kyakkyawan duniya. Zane-zanen Esenin Rus - mai girmamawa, kusan addini game da mawaki, an shafe shi da fahimtar yanayin yanayi tare da katako, kwalliyar canine, haymaker, swamps, da maciji da magunguna.

Yin aure na biyu na Sergei Yesenin

A 1917, marubucin ya yi aure Reich Zinaida Nikolayevna, daga cikin aure wanda 'ya'yan Sergei Yesenin suka fito: dan Konstantin da Tatyana. A wannan lokaci, da ba shahararsa zo Yesenin, da mawãƙi zama bukatar, ya aka kira su zuwa ga daban-daban shayari karatu. A shekara ta 1918 - 1921 ya yi tafiya a cikin ƙasa: Crimea, Caucasus, Arkhangelsk, Murmansk, Turkestan, Bessarabia. Ya yi aiki a kan waka mai suna "Pugachev", a cikin idon ruwa ya wuce zuwa Orenburg.

A 1918-1920, da mawãƙi ya zama m tare da Mariengof AB, Shershenevich VG Ivnev R. kuma kwashe imagism - post-neman sauyi da wallafe-wallafen da m Trend, wanda ya ginu ne kan futurism, aspired zuwa da shiri na "art na nan gaba", wani sabon, Wanda ya musun duk abubuwan da suka faru a baya. Yesenin ya zama mai baƙo a cikin gidan littattafai mai suna Stoil Pegasus wanda yake Moscow a filin Nikitsky. Marubucin, wanda yayi ƙoƙari ya koyi "zumuntar da Rasha ta rushe," kawai ya rabu da sha'awar sabuwar al'ada, wanda shine manufar tsarkakewa "nau'in abun ciki". Ya ci gaba da lura da kansa a matsayin mawallafin "Rasha barin". A cikin waqansa ya bayyana motsi na rayuwa, "razvorochennogo storm," a maye gurbinsa, maye gurbin wanda ya zo tare da bege mai dadi. Mai mawaka ya bayyana a matsayin mai laushi, mai gogewa, mai shan giya da jini, yana ɓoye daga haikalin zuwa gidan ibada, inda ya kasance "kewaye da shi" da "kishiyar ban dariya da dariya" (collections "Moskovskaya kabatskaya", "Confessions of hooligan" da "Poems of the rowdy").

A shekarar 1920, auren shekaru uku tare da Z. Reich ya ɓace. 'Yan Sergei Yesenin sun tafi kowacce hanya: Constantine ya zama sanannen dan wasan kwallon kafa, kuma Tatyana - darektan gidan kayan gargajiya na mahaifinta da kuma memba na Ƙungiyar' Yan Rubutun.

Isadora Duncan da Sergei Yesenin

A 1921 Yesenin gana da dancer Aysedoroy Dunkan. Ba ta magana da harshen Rasha, marubucin ba, wanda ya karanta da kuma ilmantarwa mai yawa, bai san wani harshe ba, amma tun daga farkon taro, lokacin da yake kallon rawa na wannan mace, Sergei Esenin ya kai mata. Ma'aurata, a cikin Isadora shekarun 18 da haihuwa, ba su daina bambancin shekaru. Mafi ƙaunatacciyar ƙaunatacciyar kira "mala'ika", kuma ya kira ta "Isidora". Nan da nan Isadora, wajan rawa, ta jawo hankalin Esenin. Har ila yau ta gane shi a matsayin mai raunana kuma ba a kula da shi ba, ya bi da Sergei tare da tausayi mai ma'ana kuma har ma bayan lokaci ya koyi daruruwan kalmomin Rasha. A Rasha, Isadora ba a tambayar shi ba, saboda hukumomin Soviet ba su samar da filin aikin da take lissafinta ba. Ma'aurata sun yi rajistar auren suka kuma ɗauki sunan mahaifi na Duncan-Yesenin. Bayan bikin auren Yesenin da matarsa sun yi tafiya sosai a Turai, ziyarci Faransa, Jamus, Kanada, Italiya, Belgium, Amurka. Duncan ya yi mafi kyau wajen ƙirƙirar PR ga mijinta: ta shirya fassarar waƙoƙinsa da littattafan su, sun shirya biki na poetry, amma a ƙasashen waje an gane shi kawai a matsayin abin da aka kwatanta da wani dan wasan mai suna. Mai mawaki yana sha'awar kansa, ya ji kansa marar ladabi, mara amfani ga kowa ba, sai ya fara jin kunya. Yesenin ya fara sha, tsakanin ma'auratan akwai matsalolin zuciya da damuwa da sulhu. Yawancin lokaci, hali na Yesenin game da matarsa, wanda bai riga ya gani ba manufa, amma mace mai tsufa, ya canza. Har ila yau, ya bugu, a wani lokaci ya bugi Isadora, ya yi wa abokansa gunaguni cewa, ta dame shi, kuma ba za ta fāɗi ba. Ma'aurata sun tashi a 1923, Esenin ya koma Moscow.

Shekaru na karshe na ayyukan Yesenin

A nan gaba, mawãƙi ya soki ikon Soviet sosai (The Country of Scoundrels, 1925). Bayan wannan, mawallafin mawaƙa ya fara, yana zargin shi da yin yaki da maye. An kashe shekaru biyu na rayuwa a cikin tafiya na yau da kullum; Sergei Yesenin marubuci ne na Rashanci, yana ɓoye daga zalunci, ya yi tafiya uku zuwa Caucasus, ya tafi Leningrad kuma ya ziyarci Konstantinovo a kullum, ba tare da katse sadarwa tare da shi ba. A wannan lokacin da ayyukan "Poem game da 26", "Persian motifs", "Anna Snegina", "An zubar da zinariya grove" an buga. A cikin ayar, babban wuri har yanzu yana da damuwa ta hanyar mahalarta motherland, wanda yanzu ya sami nauyin wasan kwaikwayon. Wannan lokaci na shayari yana ƙara alama ta wuri na kaka, motsa jiki don zanawa da kuma ban kwana.

Aminiya, aboki na, salama ...

A farkon 1925, mawallafin, yana ƙoƙari ya sake fara rayuwar iyalinsa, tare da aurensa zuwa Sofya Andreevna - ɗan jikokin Leo Tolstoy. Amma wannan ƙungiyar ba ta farin ciki ba. Rayuwar Sergei Yesenin ta ragu a ƙarƙashin karkiya: maye gurbin shan giya, damuwa, matsa lamba na manyan ƙungiyoyi ya sa matarsa ta sanya marubucin a asibiti. Wannan sananne ne kawai ga kunkuntar ƙungiyar mutane, amma akwai masu hikima wadanda suka taimaka wajen gano sa'a 24 na asibitin. Chekists sun fara nema daga PBGannushkin - Farfesa a wannan asibitin - fito da Yesenin. A karshen ya ƙi, da kuma Yesenin, da jira a lokaci mai dacewa, ya katse hanyar magani kuma ya bar makarantar psychoneurological a cikin taron baƙi kuma ya bar Leningrad.

Disamba 14 ya gama aiki a waƙa "Black Man", wanda ya yi shekaru 2. An buga aikin ne bayan mutuwar mawaƙi. A ranar 27 ga watan Disamba, daga aljihun Sergei Yesenin, aikinsa na ƙarshe "Abokina, aboki na, sa'a" ya buga. Rayuwa da aikin Sergei Yesenin sun ƙare, mummunan kuma ba a iya fahimta ba. Babu wani mawallafin Rasha, wanda aka gano jikinsa a gidan hotel na Angleterre a daren ranar 28 Disamba, 1925.

Ranar ranar haihuwar Sergei Esenin don girmama ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyarta a dukkanin sassa na Rasha, amma manyan abubuwan da suka faru a garinsa Konstantinov, inda dubban masu sha'awar waƙoƙin mawaki suka zo daga ko'ina cikin duniya.