Sarrafa giza hamada a duniya: a photo da kuma bayanin

A Chile ne sarrafa giza wuri a duniya, kuma wani abin mamaki shi ne cewa rayuwa ne kiyaye can. Domin hudu ƙarni a wannan kwarin ba ya fada ko da wani digo na bada rai-da ruwa, zafi, sabili da haka na musamman da wuri na sifili kashi.

A kadan tarihi

Da iyaka da Peru ne sarrafa giza hamada a duniya da aka located in yamma na Kudancin Amirka. Lokacin da Spain ya mallaki Chilean ƙasar, suna begen samun wani abu muhimmanci da adibas. Duk da haka, a cikin sararin ƙasa a cikin xari da dubu biyar murabba'in kilomita na wani ma'adinai adibas aka samu a kan shekara ɗari uku.

Bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Spain nasara a ƙasar hamada fara da'awar Bolivia da kuma Peru, da kuma sau daya samu a cikin XIX karni nitrate nawa, makamai rikici ya barke, wanda ya kai ga yakin da Pacific.

ya lashe laurels tafi Chile, kuma a cikin manyan lambobi ya fara girma a cikin Atacama Miners 'yarjejeniya. Abin baƙin ciki, bayan zuwan roba nitrate hakar ma'adinai na Saltpeter an rage wa kõme ba, kuma yau wannan yanki ne fiye da 150 watsi da kauyuka, da yan unguwa da ake kira "fatalwowi."

Af, sarrafa giza hamada a duniya - wannan ne kawai wuri a duniya inda ma'adinai sharan har yanzu kiyaye godiya ga na musamman sauyin yanayi, saboda ko'ina a lokaci daya nitrate dissolves a ruwa.

hamada sauyin yanayi

Mutane da yawa sun gaskata cewa babbar ciki a California, kira wurin Kwarin Mutuwa, yana dauke da mafi zafi wuri a duniya, amma shi ba. The National Park of America ne m shafe tsawon ruwan sama, abu don ambaliya da canza ƙasa. Kuma da ƙasa na Atacama riverbeds for 120 shekara dubu ne bushe da ruwan sama zo sau daya a cikin da dama da suka gabata. Saboda haka, duk tambayoyi game da abin da sarrafa giza hamada a duniya, masana kimiyya suna uniquely alhakin.

A m yankunan ba su da wani hali m zafi. A talakawan kullum zafin jiki ne daga sifili zuwa 25 digiri. Da yawa daga cikin ƙasa ne a wani glaciers duwãtsu, kai wani tsawo na game da dubu bakwai mita.

Biota

Duk da m matsananci yanayi, matalauta da ciyayi kunshi lichens tuddanta, ƙayayuwa Bishiyoyi da kananan murtsunguwa, wanda yana da fiye da 160 jinsunan. Bugu da kari, sun zo fadin 'yan itacen oases.

Amma da namun daji ne da gaske zaran: da ƙasa aka mamaye macizai da kwari suna shan da ceton danshi daga hazo. The ruwa tururi ne takaice da kaifi sanyaya kuma amfanin jiki da kananan tsibiran ciyayi a tsakiyar wata babbake hamada.

Kuma a wasu yankunan ba su samu ko da kunamai a cikin zafi yashi ne babu albarkacin wani rai.

"Rain Shadow"

Masana kimiyya sun gano dalilin da ya sa sarrafa giza hamada a duniya shi ne irin wannan. Dalilin wannan sabon abu sabon abu, wanda ake kira da "ruwan sama inuwa". High Andes zama mai iko shãmaki a yanayi na wurare masu zafi nauyi qazanta precipitates a kudancin Amirka. Saboda haka, na gida hurawa iska ba ya dauke da danshi, duk da kusanci na teku.

Na'urorin don tattara danshi

Duk da danshi a cikin hamada zo a cikin wani lokacin farin ciki hazo, kuma shi ne kawai abu da zai iya ƙidaya da mazaunanta. The yan unguwa sun saba da tattara ruwa ta amfani da wani tricky tsayarwa a adam girma tsawo.

Musamman "demister" - wannan sabuwar dabara ne na cylindrical siffar, da ganuwar da aka sanya daga nailan filaments. Su ruwan danshi gudana a cikin tanki, kuma yardaswa tattara zuwa 20 lita na ruwa.

The yawan hamada

Yana iya ze m, amma sarrafa giza hamada a duniya, da Atacama ya zama wani wuri na fiye da daya da mutane miliyan rayu, suka zauna a cikin jihar bakin teku garuruwa-oases. A arewa, manoma girma tumatur da cucumbers, ta amfani da ban ruwa drip ban ruwa tsarin. Kuma a cikin jihar bakin teku bangare ne na kasa da kasa Masana ilmin tushe.

A lokacin da na fara batu ga waɗanda fata don gano hamada ta zama wani karamin gari na San Pedro de Atacama, kafa a lokacin da Spain ci. Located a cikin zuciya na m yankin wani karamin gari tare da wani yawan ba fiye da dubu biyar mutane ne ya fi shahara.

Moon kwarin

A gabas, da Atacama ne mai ban yawon shakatawa janye, wanda shi ne sanannen nisa fiye da kan iyakoki na Chile. Valle de la Luna - wani sabon abu wuri a duniya, wanda yayi kama da Lunar shimfidar. Valley da musamman tsarin da yashi, gishiri da kuma duwatsu m siffofi sarrafa ta lokaci da yanayi, ya dubi dama da dare a lokacin da inuwa fada kan tuddai cewa kunna kwarin cikin wani sufi wuri.

Mai ban mamaki shimfidar wurare, inda baƙi iya ganin mafi m images adana na dogon lokaci. Daya iya jayayya game da ko kama-daban na dutsen tsarin a kan Lunar craters. matafiya sun kasance akwai ayan yi imani da cewa shi ne wajen wani hanya don jawo hankalin da baƙi, amma duk da haka duk tasbĩhi wani shahararre hoto, wanda ya yi daidai da a nisha.

Bayyana, game da wanda Legends

A cikin duhu, a cikin Moonlight, ne a fili bayyane duhu Figures, da yan unguwa kira masu lura da filayen. Ancient Indian camfin gaya game da ruhohin shamans, wanda ya bar jiki da kuma shiga astral jirgin sama, da na dutse masõya Moon Valley bauta wa shiryar da su. Ga hoton da yawa sci-fi fina-finai, da al'umma ta yi imanin cewa, dubban shekaru da suka wuce, da akwai rayu da real baki.

Moon Valley domin fiye da shekaru 10, ya yi amfani da American dillancin NASA a matsayin gwaji ƙasa domin su "tasar" da kuma 'yan saman jannati zuwa Lunar saukowa aka horar a nan.

Sassaka a cikin yashi

Sarrafa giza hamada a duniya da aka sani ga tsoratarwa da kuma m sculptures a cikin nau'i na da wata babbar hannun mutum protruding daga cikin yashi. Marubucin kokarin bayyana a matsayin mutum gazawan da kuma shigewa ga sojojin na halitta.

M baƙi ji ciwo zane a kan hannunsa, kuma art abubuwa sau da yawa bukatar yau da kullum tsaftacewa.

Sarrafa giza hamada a duniya ta wadãta

Daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci abubuwan da suka faru na hamada ne da ake kira shi "Bloom". Wannan ya faru a kwanakin nan, a lokacin da dogon-jiran ruwan sama ya zuba a kan bushe yashi. The abu ne cewa, da tsaba da yawa shuke-shuke iya zama a cikin ruwa jiran shekaru masu yawa, kuma domin da rayuwar su na bukatar game da 15 millimeters na ruwa a kowace shekara.

A shekarar 2015, ya shahara, m kafet sarrafa giza bari a duniya. Akwai taba ya kasance babu ruwan sama ga karshe daruruwan shekaru, da kuma ruwa sosai sun tada rayuwa Mallow, fure mai haske launi.

Mahaukaci sabon abu yana mamaki da masana kimiyya da cewa a cikin tarihi na lura na Atacama ta taba rufe daji ciyayi sau biyu a shekara. Shi ya zama sabon abu da ya janyo hankalin dubban masu yawon bude ido a yankin. } Ananan hukumomi, ya ruwaito cewa wani sabon abu Bloom taimaka ƙwarai kari da kasafin kudin na yankin.

ban sha'awa facts

• Atacama - mafi tsufa bari a duniya. Masana kimiyya yi imani da cewa ta shekaru wuce ashirin shekaru miliyan.
• 2010 aka alama ta wani m aukuwa a cikin tarihi. A watan Mayu, ta kika aika wata babbar adadin snow, da kuma saboda babban snowdrifts sadarwa da kuma hanya links sun kakkarye. Bugu da kari, muna da lokaci mai tsawo don mayar da wutar lantarki birane.
• An sani cewa bushe sauyin yanayi ne m kubutar da wani kwayoyin. Mutuwa, ba su decompose, amma kawai bushe up. Saboda wannan dukiya, da archaeological balaguro gano a cikin yashi a hamada mummies Indiyawan da suka rayu a kan ƙasa na fiye da tara shekara dubu da suka wuce.
• Sarrafa giza hamada a duniya daukan ba kawai matafiya, amma kuma magoya matsananci wasanni. Magoya samo asali da wani sabon salon a cikin wasanni da ake kira "sandboarding" a zahiri sun shagaltar da ƙasa, slipping a kan musamman allon da rairayi.
• In mun gwada kwanan nan aka gano adibas na jan karfe, da kuma a garin Chuquicamata nawa suna aiki a kan ta samar.

Sarrafa giza hamada a duniya, wanda hotuna ƙawata brochures miƙa m tafiye-tafiye zuwa Chile tafiya kamfanonin, shi ne mai real sabon abu. Matattu, da farko duba, yankin da yake riƙe da yawa abubuwan al'ajabi, tabbatar da cewa ko da a cikin wannan yanki da rabo na rayuwa.