Takin gargajiya:-daban da kuma su halaye. A amfani da takin gargajiya

Yadda a duniya yana bunkasa aikin gona, guda mutane ne takin gargajiya ake amfani da su samar da girbi mai kyau. Nau'in da su halaye dole ne a dauki la'akari lokacin da amfani da, kamar yadda kowane daga cikinsu na da halaye. Wasu mutane bukatar sa cikin ƙasa a cikin fall, da sauran a lokacin da dasa, da sauransu a ko'ina cikin girma kakar. Darajar organics ta'allaka ne a amfani effects a kan yanayin da shuke-shuke, a ƙasa kyautata, da kara yawan da ake samu da kuma a low cost, saboda yana iya dafa kowane manomi a cikin zaman kansa gona.

Organic taki: abin da shi ne

Mutane da yawa nan da nan ce, su ce, shi ne a taki, da kuma takin. Amsar daidai ne, amma bai cika ba, saboda takin gargajiya ne najasar da adam, da dabbobi, kazalika da tattalin arziki da kuma ko da masana'antu sharar gida, wanda ake bukata domin cin gaban shuka abu a cikin hanyar gudanar da mahadi. Wadannan sun hada da:

- taki.

- tsuntsu sabili da kashin dabbabin.

- tumbi.

- yl.

- sharar itace aiki shuke-shuke (sawdust, haushi, da kuma kamar).

- peat.

- shuka kore taki.

- takin.

- ash.

- kashi ci abinci.

- humus.

- hadaddun kwayoyin halitta.

sinadaran da abun da ke ciki

Kamar yadda ake gani, daga sama sama list, akwai da dama daga takin gargajiya. Nau'in da kuma halaye, yafi dogara ne a kan tushen, da kuma a Bugu da kari, ta hanyar aiwatar da taki samar. A wani daga cikinsu dauke da:

- nitrogen.

- potassium.

- phosphorus.

- alli.

- musamman kwayoyin abu (mai matukar muhimmanci da kashi cewa inganta ƙasa tsarin).

Organic taki a kananan yawa sun hada da:

- ruwa.

- magnesium.

- sulfurous acid.

- silicic acid.

- oxides na wasu karafa da sauran sinadaran abubuwa.

Bari mu bincika a cikin mafi daki-daki, abin da kuma yadda yake kunshe a cikin kowane irin Organic taki.

taki

Wannan shi ne mai matukar muhimmanci da taki ne da kõwa fãce da faeces na tsuntsaye, dabbobi, fãce bala'in. Dangane da irin dabbobi samun daban-daban abun da ke ciki takin gargajiya. Nau'in da su halaye ma ya dogara ne a kan mataki na dafa abinci tsari, wanda suke da wadannan:

- sabo taki (sanya kawai a cikin fall, bayan da ƙasa nome kai tsaye).

- polupereprevshy (tattaka a cikinta zama duhu, sauƙi kasu kashi guda).

- rotted (uniform duhu taro).

- humus.

A mafi girma da taki dafa abinci mataki, mafi shi hasarar da taro, kuma mafi shi decompose kwayoyin halitta da kuma inganta ingancin.

Babu kasa muhimmanci, a wasu zuriyar dabbobi shirya wannan taki.

A sunadarai abun da ke ciki na sabo taki (%) a kan bambaro / peat

dabba	phosphorus	alli	potassium	nitrogen	magnesium	Org.veschestvo	ruwa
Coney	0.28 / 0.25	0.21 / 0.44	0.63 / 0.53	0.58 / 0.8	0.14 / 0	24.5 / 0	71.3 / 67
shanu	0.23 / 0.22	0.4 / 2.4	0.5 / kasa da 0,48	0.45 / 0.6	0,11 / -	20.3 / 0	77.3 / 77.5
aladu	0,19	0,18	0.6	0,65	game da 0,04	25	72,4
Awaki da na tumaki,	0,23	0.33	0,67	0,83	0,18	31,8	46,6

Kamar yadda gani daga tebur, a cikin alade taki ne sosai kadan alli haka lemun tsami da aka kara a cikinta.

Shi ne mai kyau taki da kuma taki daga zomaye. Amma daga nutria za a iya amfani kawai rotted taki ko ƙara da shi zuwa ga takin.

ajiya Hanyar

Taki daga dabbobi daban daban - shi ne, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, bambancin takin gargajiya. Nau'in da su halaye kai tsaye dogara ne kan yadda ake adana. The hanyoyin iya zama kamar haka:

1. Sako shiryawa. Daga cikin sabo taki tara sa har zuwa 3 m, a fadi da 2 m ba ga tsawo, ba rufe. Tare da irin wannan hanya a cikin stacks (t = +70 ° C) shiri aiwatar daukan kimanin 4-5 watanni ga wanda rasa up to daya bisa uku na asali taro.

2. A m shiryawa. Na sabo taki ana yin wannan tari kamar yadda a sako-sako da shiryawa, amma taki yayin da tabbaci tamped kuma an rufe shi da wani airtight fim. A cikin irin wannan stacks da yawan zafin jiki ba ya tashi sama +35 ° C, har ma a lokacin rani. Fadada a cikin hanyar yana for game 7 watanni, da kuma sa hannu nauyi da aka rasa to 1/10 part. M stacking - mafi dace Hanyar ajiya.

3. Sako shiryawa tare da hatimi. Na sabo taki sa gajeren sako-sako da tari har zuwa 3 m. A rana ta biyar da ragon, da kuma saman tari wani sabon Layer na sako-sako da. Wannan an maimaita har tari ya kai mita biyu, bayan da an rufe tare da tsare. Gaba daya rotted taki ne kamar haka kafa a 5 months.

Yaya za a nemi

A amfani da Organic taki, kamar taki, yana da kadan dabaru. Saboda haka, domin dumi gadaje manufa doki taki, saboda akwai ruwa kadan. Yana binne a wani musamman wuriyar da su janye daga cikin kewaye da gadaje, da kuma bayan bukatar shi vuya, jefa a filin. A haske kasa yin amfani da taki daga shanu, da kuma nauyi - daga tumaki, awaki, da na dawakai. Domin spring kaka nome a cikin ƙasa, ko sabo ne polupereprevshy da humus da aka sanya a cikin bazara. Idan taki ne kananan, shi ne kuxi yi ba a kan dukan site, amma kawai a cikin rijiyoyin. Lokacin da dasa itatuwa da amfani sosai a kowane rami don sa har zuwa 10 kilogiram na humus.

Muhimmanci! Babu ba za ka iya yin sabo taki a karkashin wani al'ada. Yana allocates ammonia, wanda shi ne detrimental ga shuka. Common sharudda game da aikace-aikace na takin ba ya wanzu, tun suna daban-daban ga kowane al'adu da suke tsaye dogara a kan ingancin gona.

A Stores za ka iya samun taki tsame. Shi ne kuma mai kyau taki, amma kawai na shuke-shuke. Don inganta da yanayin ƙasa, shi ne mara amfani.

Liquid Organic taki, da iri da kuma halaye

Akwai da dama na gargajiya, za ka iya yi da kanka, ba tare da jawabin da kudi. Wadanda suka sami damar, suka yi amfani da taki. Yana iya amfani da m tsari, amma ba za ka iya yin shi da wani ruwa Organic taki - mullein da laƙa. Last shirya su ta hanyan zuba ruwa stool na shanu. Amfani da shi ga cikakken wani barbarar shuke-shuke, ko da furanni. A wannan yanayin dauki guga na ruwa lita 1 mullein. ba lallai ba ne su shirya slurry. Yana da wani ɓangare na ruwa taki. Ga ruwa takin ne na ganye infusions, kuma ko da mutum fitsari, amma more on cewa a kasa.

A sunadarai abun da ke ciki na slurry (%)

slurry	nitrogen	ash	phosphorus	potassium	organics	ruwa
100 sassa	0,15	1.07	0.01	0,49	0.7	98,2

Kamar yadda gani daga tebur, a cewa kusan babu phosphorus hadi, don haka kara wa slurry superphosphate (kamar 15 g da lita).

zuriyar dabbobi

An yi imani da cewa mafi kyau Organic taki samu daga taki na tattabarai, da kaji. Dan kadan ya fi muni da ingancin sharar kayayyakin na geese da ducks.

Store kaza taki wajibi ne a cikin rufaffiyar ganga ko punching da peat, bambaro, sawdust, kamar yadda ya sauri sosai hasarar da nitrogen bangaren. Bird da ake amfani da barbarar kayan lambu, da itatuwa, 'ya'yan itatuwa da kuma ornamental shrubs da furanni. A m form ba da taimako, a matsayin cika da ruwa (1 part oragniki guga na ruwa) da kuma nace to 3 kwanaki. Sa'an nan kuma diluted da ruwa, shan 1 part of a volumetric jiko da kuma 10 - ruwa.

mutum tumbi

Wasu growers ba su ma san abin da m jinsin su ne takin gargajiya. Daya daga cikinsu - tare da ku mu tumbi. A baya can, wadannan physiological sharar hadu da kome, suna ko da ya tafi a kan sayarwa. Yanzu irin wannan taki shi ne ba rare, ko da yake shi ne kusan mafi kyau. Ya kamata a lura cewa fecal al'amari ne ake kira ba kawai adadin kuzari amma kuma fitsari, wanda shi ne ma dace a matsayin taki. The kawai nuance - daga shi evaporates kusan nan take nitrogen, don haka da biomaterial kamata nan da nan kusa bayan yin gona.

A sunadarai abun da ke ciki na tumbi (%)

bangaren	nitrogen	ash	phosphorus	potassium	Org. abu	ruwa
tumbi	1.6	3.4	1,23	0,55	19,4	77,2
fitsari	1	1	0,15	0,18	4.2	94,8
cakuda	1.1	ba fiye da 1.3	0,23	0,22	5.7	93

Kamar yadda za a iya gani daga tebur, stool ne cikakke ga inganta gona quality.

Hakika, da yawa manoman mãsu ƙi ga ko tunani game da yin amfani da mutum excreta matsayin taki. Waɗanda suka kasance a wannan mafi m, yana da muhimmanci a san abin da suke da hanyoyin da shirya irin wannan organics. Don cire wani m wari, "albarkatun kasa" bukatar don matsawa da peat ko, a cikin matsanancin, ƙasa takardar. Shi ne kuma zai yiwu shirya daga itãce, kuma amfanin gona sharan takin tari a yadudduka sa tumbi a gare su. Pereprevat suna da a kalla shekaru 3.

Fitsari aka yi amfani a matsayin taki kai tsaye. Domin itatuwa ba za a iya diluted. Ga wasu albarkatu yana da kyawawa don tsarma da ruwa a wani rabo daga akalla 1: 4. Shi ne kuma m to zuba fitsari takin tsibi tsibin.

peat

A cikin tambaya: "Abin da irin takin - Organic" Mutane da yawa za su ce, "peat". An yadu tallata, shi rayayye sayar da duk flower shagunan, shi ayan yi amfani da yawa lambu da kuma horticulturists. Duk da haka, peat ba sosai amfani da abubuwa na shuke-shuke takin su duk indiscriminately. Bugu da kari, dole ne mu lura da cewa akwai daban-daban na peat cewa bambanta muhimmanci a quality.

Chemical abun da ke ciki (%)

peat irin	potassium	alli	ash	nitrogen	phosphorus
kwaruruka	0.1 zuwa 0.25	fiye da 6	8 zuwa 15	1.8 to 3.3	0.1 to 0.6
hawa	0.1	kasa da 0.5	kasa da 5	0.2 do1,6	0,12
mi} a mulki	0.1	0.5 zuwa 2.5	0.5 w0, 8	1.2 to 1.8	0.1

Kamar yadda za a iya gani daga tebur, peat, musamman kwaruruka, shi ne bu mai kyau don amfani a acidic kasa. Amfani da duk wani nau'i na peat kawai bukatar inganta ingancin kasa, tsari da zafi, kazalika da samar da high quality-takin da ciyawa da wani amfanin gona, amma ba domin taki.

sapropel

Wasu iri takin gargajiya ne saba mana for dima jiki hanyoyin in spas. Irin wannan yl tabkuna, tafkunan, Wuraren wani tsaye ruwa, da ake kira sapropel. Musamman mai yawa da shi da ake amfani a Rostov yankin saboda babbar reserves a cikin Lake Nero. Sapropel, wanda shi ne wani kayan lambu da dabbobi saura, da aka adana a kududdufai shekaru da dama. A wannan lokacin shi ne a hankali bazu, zama mafi muhimmanci da Organic taki, wanda mai yawa na phosphorus, potassium, alli, da kuma nitrogen a 4-ninka fi a taki. Amfani sapropel iya zama canzawa ko kara wa takin. Kafin ya shiga wata ƙasa da shi wajibi ne don bar iska ta shiga, shebur da promorozit to sun fita daga gare shi duk da ba dole ba shuke-shuke abubuwa.

Sawdust, haushi, kashi ci abinci

Akwai cheap da amfani sosai ga inganta ingancin ƙasa Organic taki. Su iri da kuma halaye su ne kamar haka:

1. Sawdust. Suna da kyau sassauta kasar gona, inganta da ruwa-rike da damar da iska permeability, amma sha nitrogen daga gare ta. sawdust isasshe high acidity (PH game 3-4), don haka kafin yin su a gauraye da slaked lemun tsami da kuma ma'adinai hadaddun ko nitrogen kawai takin. Zaka kuma iya moisten dabba fitsari ko ruwa takin. Better yi amfani da rotted sawdust ko ƙara su zuwa ga takin heap.

2. Drevessnaya haushi. Wannan sharar itace masana'antu amfani da su haifar da takin. Domin wannan sabo ne haushi shi ne kasa, ya sa a cikin wani rami, ƙara hadaddun ma'adinai takin, moisturize. Taki shirye bayan game da rabin shekara, a lokacin da wani rami dole ne lokaci-lokaci haushi shebur moisturize da kuma abinda ke ciki.

3. Kashi Jibin. Wannan abu ne da ya rage acidity na kasar gona da kuma shi ne manufa domin dausayi. A kashi ci abinci yana da dukan abubuwa wajibi ne ga ci gaban da kuma fruiting shuke-shuke. The kawai gargadi - amfani da shi kawai bukatar low-mai (vaporized da bushe).

Green taki

A amfani da Organic taki iya bambanta muhimmanci daga hanyoyi da aka bayyana a sama. Muna magana ne game kore taki - sown Tsire-tsire a kan filin kafin dasa babban amfanin gona ko bayan girbi. Wadannan sun hada da sunflower, mustard, lupine, Clover, wake, hatsi, vetch, radish da sauran malichnaya ripening al'adu wanda ba mai yawa kore taro. A amfani da kore taki amfanin gona kamar yadda nagarta sosai kamar yadda zai yiwu a kan yashi da kuma talakawa a humus kasa, amma za a iya aikata a cikin wani gona. Da abun ciki na amfani abubuwa kore manure ne kusan m zuwa taki. Alal misali, lupine da 1 m ² bada kore nauyi na game da 4 kg. Sun ƙunshi wani talakawan of 18 g da nitrogen, 4.8 g na phosphorus, 6.8 g na potassium, 19 g na alli, 4.8 grams na magnesium. kore-manure mãkirci taki fasahar ne kamar haka: bayan girbi babban amfanin gona a kan filin shuka da tsaba zaba shuke-shuke (wasu za ka iya kawai yayyafa a filin wasa, da sauran ake bukata zuwa kasa a cikin GROOVES), anã shayar kamar yadda ya cancanta, da kuma jira da buds, yanka. Green taro za a iya nome a cikin ƙasa, ya sa a takin rami, bada fodder. Wasu kore taki (mustard, mai radish) fãce gargajiya, taimaka don ya hallaka kwayoyin cuta a cikin shi, kamar tushen lalaci, nematodes, da kuma sauran burtuntuna.

nettle

Idan kana so ka takin wani kananan gadon filawa, za ka iya yin mai kyau taki nettle. Its yanke, ya sa a cikin wani akwati da kuma zuba ruwa. Shirya nettle taki 3-5 days, a lokacin da abinda ke ciki na ganga ya kamata a gauraye. Don bace m wari, za a iya kara wa rhizome na valerian, kuma zuwa bugun sama da tsari, ƙara burodi, yisti, ferment. A ƙãre taki ake bukata iri da kuma amfani da kara 1 ɓangare na da volumetric girma 10 sassa ruwa.

Complex takin gargajiya

Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi kyau, mafi daidaita irin taki, dace da ciyar da shuke-shuke, da kuma inganta gona quality. Ga su yi amfani da a masana'antu samar da hanya biofermentation, hada da da hadawan abu da iskar shaka na Organic abubuwa da atomic oxygen. Wannan saki wannan nau'i na guba makamashi, wanda yake shi ne musamman da amfani ga dacewa da shuke-shuke, kwayoyin. Nuna hadaddun Organic taki daga taki, sawdust, taki, peat da irin wannan halitta kayayyakin. Popular kwayoyi "ZHTSKKU" "amo irin na jemage", "KOUD", "Gumi-Omi" "Biohumus". Amma, duk suna da mayar da hankali da kuma mai sauqi don amfani.