Viola Wittrock: siffofin da kuma lambu rarrabuwa

M ladabi Viola, dangane da sanannen iyali na Violet, kamar yadda aka sani duk da cewa ba shi yiwuwa a sami wani wanda ba saba da shuka, wanda a Rasha da ake kira "pansies". Girma a flower iya kowane. Wild wakilan wannan irin - mafi tsufa da tsire-tsire, na kowa, yawanci a yankunan duwatsu da temperate sauyin yanayi zones na arewacin yammancin duniya, akwai fiye da dubu biyu da suka wuce. Akwai har zuwa bakwai da ɗari jinsin da kuma wasu daga cikinsu suna fama da wasu yankunan, misali, akwai jinsunan samu kawai a cikin ta Kudu American Andes, da Brazilian subtropical, da gandun daji na Australia ko New Zealand.

A 16th karni da aka horar da Violet m, sa'an nan dutsen. Turawa suka saba da wani ra'ayi, Kwafa da Viola Wittrock da ne matasan na uku shuke-shuke - rawaya Viola, tricolor da Altai, a cikin karni na 19th. Yau, da wannan lambu ya zama wani irin sanannun al'adu, akwai da dama da ɗari iri da kuma jinsin da kuma Popular lambuna da gonakin duk kasashen Turai. Bari mu magana game da wannan al'ada, ta zaba, da kuma halaye na namo kula.

Viola Wittrock: irin bayanin

Wannan sanannen Violet - mai perennial, biennial ko shekara-shekara herbaceous shuka, kai 15-30 cm ba ga tsawo, tare da wani fibrous tushen tsarin da kuma shiryar da babban mafaka. Daban-daban irin daban shirya ganye, sauki ko pinnate: sanye take da stipules, suka ko dai ci gaba daga rosette, ko da sau daya shirya a kan tushe. Viola furanni ne Kadaitaccen, girma daga cikin sinuses a kan bakin ciki peduncles da kuma isa wani sosai manyan size (5-7 cm a diamita), shan la'akari da sauran miniaturization Bush. A form su ne sauki, Terry tare da wavy, corrugated ko fringed gefuna. A babba petals na wani flower da wani irin kusoshi, kasa da kananan hari. Launi launi horar da iri na fadi da dama: guda da Multi-kala, dabbare, taguwar. Musamman so Yanã lambu cewa blooms viol Wittrock kariminci lokaci guda rushe zuwa 25 buds. flowering zamani dogara a kan lokaci na dasa daga watan Afrilu zuwa Yuni da kuma daga Agusta zuwa sanyi sosai weather. Akwai hybrids cewa zai iya Bloom duk lokacin rani. Kananan ruwan kasa balaga da tsaba tattara a cikin 'ya'yan akwatin. Germination suka ajiye fiye da shekaru 2.

Gardening rarrabuwa

Perennial girma a cikin gidãjen Aljanna, a matsayin biennial shuka, da ya fi na kowa nau'i na violets a cikin al'adunsu, kira Viola Wittrock hadawa irin lambu pansies, kassa su a cikin daban-daban Categories: da lokaci da tsawon flowering, siffar, size, launi na furanni, da mataki na sanyi juriya. Saboda haka, idan dauka a matsayin tushen da girman da furanni da kuma lambar, yayin da blooming a kan wani daji, sa'an nan Viola iri suna kasu manyan-iri-iri, da ake kira grandiflora da flowered - multiflora. Lokacin da aka zaba a matsayin launi gwajin, maki conventionally kasu daya-, two, Multicolour ko wakewake. Clear rarrabuwa, ma'ana da iyakoki dadin jikina, ba ya zama, saboda shi ne kawai zai yiwu ba domin sanin, tun da wannan sa za a iya ƙaddara lokaci guda hange wani rukuni na biyu-launi ko Multi-launi.

popular iri

Kada su zauna a kan canja wurin na iri daban-daban da kuma iri, amma bari mu magana game da mafi m iri a yau. Alal misali, ya san kuma soyayya na aikin lambu samu Viola Wittrock "Baroque" - kyakyawa, unpretentious al'adu, wanda ke tsiro zuwa 30 cm da kuma m mai albarka flowering manyan limbic Maroon da Terra cotta flower cikin bazara kakar. Dasa seedling hanya, wannan Violet Bloom a cikin shekara na dasa. Kyakkyawa da haske launuka tsafi Viola Wittrock "Baroque". Hotuna da aji wakilci a cikin labarin. A furanni isa wani sosai babba size - 5-7 cm a diamita.

Ko da more ado Viola Wittrock "Terry yadin da aka saka", sunan da ya bayyana da cewa wannan Violet - mai shi daga cikin manyan (6-8 cm) furanni na babban kyakkyawa da embossed corrugated baki. Wannan sa na ƙwarai babban mataki na hardiness, ruggedness, da ikon girma sarai a kan kasa na wani abun da ke ciki da kuma kula da m flowering a lokacin da dukan kakar.

Viola Wittrock: girma

Viola Hardy da sanyi-resistant, shi ne excellently tsiro a cikin inuwa, amma da rana furanni da kuma m furanni a ta fi girma. Saboda haka, da rabon zaba yiwu hasken rana kamanta a kan wani dagagge ba tare da mafi kusa m ruwan karkashin kasa. An lura da cewa Violet iya samu nasarar girma a wani, ko da mafi nauyi kasa, amma fi son m m baƙin yumɓu. Kafin dasa da shuka, kasar gona a shafin dole ne a shirya, shoveled bayoneti shebur da kuma yin 10 kg na humus da peat, kuma yashi na 5 kg 1 murabba'in mita.

A shuka for seedlings

Hanya mafi kyau don yi imani a cikin namo seedling viols. Wannan ya sa shi yiwuwa a sami wani blooming flower gado a cikin bazara, tsakanin yadda sown a watan Yuni a bude ƙasa da tsaba zai zama shekaru biyu sharuddan na ci gaba da kuma furanni zai kasance farkon badi. Waɗannan su ne Botanical halaye na shuke-shuke, kamar Viola Wittrock. Namo fara daga tsaba a Fabrairu-Maris a rana tare da soaking bayani biostimulant, misali, "Epin", "zircon" ko "IAA", da maida hankali wanda yayi dace da shawarwari a cikin umarnin da miyagun ƙwayoyi. Seedling kwantena cika da musamman substrate for violets, store-sayi, mark furrows sown tsaba shirya da kuma zuba ruwa kare. Yayyafa ƙasa tsaba, da ganga baiwa m film ko gilashi da kuma sanya shi a cikin wani dakin da 15-17˚S iska zazzabi.

Seedlings da swordplay

Seedlings bayyana bayan 10-15 kwanaki. Da zaran germination, film murfin an cire da kuma kwalaye na seedlings an sanya a cikin wani haske sanyi wuri (+ 10 ° C). Kula da seedlings a cikin wannan lokaci ne na yau da kullum watering da dumi ruwa da kuma bullo da wani Hadakar bayani da taki ga seedlings kowane mako biyu. Da zuwan da dama gaskiya ganye, girma seedlings suna zaune a kan raba tukunya. Yawancin lokaci, wannan ya faru a game da wata daya da rabi bayan germination. Tare da ƙwazo girma na seedlings dole nutse har Viola sake, amma yawanci rasa da kuma daya pikirovochnoy aiki. Bayan da ban mamaki jimiri na violets damar da shi da kyau ya dauki tushen ko da a cikin flower gado bayan dasa flowering shuke-shuke.

Lokaci na saukowa a kan wani gadon filawa

A seedlings ana shuka a bude ƙasa Viola, mayar da hankali a kan yanayin fasali na ƙasa. Wannan yakan auku a cikin marigayi Afrilu, ko Mayu. Babban abu - shuka da shuka bayan barazana wuce da dawowar sanyi, kamar yadda m da neukorenivshiesya violets ba zai jure sanyi snaps. dasa fasaha ne sauki: seedlings a shirye rami tare da wani tazara na 10-15 cm, yayyafa da tushen da ƙasa, compacted ƙasa kusa da shuke-shuke da kuma shayar da kariminci. Perennial iri Viola karfi da fadada da kuma ƙarshe rasa su na ado sakamako. A mafi kyau iri suna iya karbe ta cuttings.

Kula da Viola a bude filin

Complex kula da ayyukan sauki da kuma na gargajiya don dasa amfanin gona, irin Viola Wittrock. Kula ne daga lokaci zuwa lokaci loosening kasar gona da kuma cire weeds germinating. Ganin halaye na ci gaba da tushen tsarin da shuka, da kuma shi ne na waje da kuma located babu zurfi fiye 15-20 cm, shi wajibi ne don sarrafa matakin na zafi da kuma zafi lokaci don kula da ƙasa m. Tsawanta da flowering wajibi ne don yanke iri na flower buds a matsayin iri ripening jinkirta ikon shuka, wajen rage yawan tsanani na flowering.

Bugu da kari, high quality-flowering shi yiwuwa ba tare da mai kyau barbarar. Viola Wittrock amsa marmari blooms a kan wata-wata aikace-aikace na ammonium nitrate, ko superphosphate a cikin adadin 25-30 g ta 1 murabba'in mita.

Wadannan matakai na kula dace da duk irin lambu violets, ciki har da irin su Viola Wittrock "Baroque". Girma seedlings na tsaba da kuma m saukowa a bude ƙasa - mafi m hanya kafin su sami wani haske, haziqance tare da dukan launuka na bakan gizo, flower gadaje.

Cututtuka da kuma kwari Viola

Agrotehnika girma violets ne mai sauki, amma da gazawar da aka bi da wadannan sauki dokoki zai kai ga matsaloli. Kwaro hari ko bayyanar cututtuka sukan sa da gazawar da aka jera, saukarwa. Viola Wittrock sau da yawa wahala daga powdery fumfuna, da fari shafi, wanda bayyana kanta a cikin ganye, mai tushe, da furanni. Wannan ya faru a lokacin da overfeeding nitrogen taki, da kuma wani rashin phosphorus-potassium ko m yanayin yanayi, a lokacin da zafi bushe kwana m da sanyi matinee da nauyi dew. Wuce kima danshi zai iya sa da launin toka rot da blackleg. Kashe irin cututtuka da spraying wani bayani na "fundazol" caustic ko jiko powdered sulfur cire shafi sassa na shuke-shuke.

Da kwari kwari ne musamman m matafila Clover cutworm da kuma Violet perlamutrovki hanzari da sauri cin ganyen Viola. Su cinye chlorophos fesa bayani karbofosa taba ko jiko.

iri tarin

Hagu a kan peduncles tsaba nunarsa a tsakiyar Agusta - Satumba. Bayan wilting furanni samar da kananan kwalaye da kananan ruwan kasa tsaba. Yana da muhimmanci ba miss a lokacin da maturation, tun da kwalaye bude kuma warwatsar da tsaba. Shirye da tattara tsaba bayyana bolls juya sama. Su ne a hankali yanke, cire tsaba da kuma sa su fito don ya bushe, sa'an nan sanya shi a cikin ajiya a wani ginshiki ko firiji, kamar yadda suka bukata stratification.

Idan iri kwalaye ba cire a kan dalili, to, da tsaba suna sown a kan nasu, da kuma irin halitta seedlings za a iya gani a cikin fall ko gaba spring. A wannan yanayin, da seedlings an zaunar da ku a cikin shirye wuri, bypassing da seedling lokaci da kuma rakiyar hanyoyin, lokaci, kudin da kokarin.

Winter matsaloli

Iri perennial violets, wanda nasa ne viol Wittrock, (photos aka gabatar a cikin littafin) an aje ko da sosai matsananci sanyi (har zuwa -30 ºC), idan ba tare da farko na colds saukowa fãta ko spruce lapnikom zamulchirovat bushe shuka sharan.

Wadannan su ne siffofin da kula da cute, kuma unpretentious violets gefuna da lambu da kuma wurin shakatawa ciki, farin cikin Arewacin launuka da kuma ban mamaki zaunanniya flowering kuma mai son lambu da kuma lambu kwararru.