Sarki Abdullah na Saudi da iyalinsa

Janairu 23, 2015 a Riyadh daga huhu kamuwa mutu sosai haihuwa a wancan lokacin, da yanzu monarch a duniya - Sarkin Saudi Arabia, wanda ya yi mulki daga 2005 - Abdullah na Saudi Arabia. The m shekaru sarki ya 91 years old, ya yi uku dozin matansu da fiye da arba'in yara.

guda jihar

A sosai sunan most a kasar Larabawa jihar zo daga kasar mulki daular. Magabatan Saudis an san tun da 15th karni, da kuma daga tsakiya na 18th suka fara don yin yaki domin halittar guda jihar. A wannan gwagwarmaya, sun dogara a kan daban-daban igiyoyin Musulunci, ciki har da Wahhabism. Saudis cimma nasara, kuma ya shigo cikin yarjejeniyar da kasashen waje wajen - ciki har da Birtaniya da kuma Amurka, kamar yadda ya riga a cikin karni na 20th.

Kafin Saudi Arabia samu yanzu a jihar da kuma tsarin siyasa, akwai biyu a samu nasara a harkokin ilmi da Saudi mulki: a 1744 a karkashin jagorancin Mohammad Ibn Saud a 1818, lokacin da mulkin Balarabe ƙasashe zama Turki ibn Adallo ibn Muhammad ibn Saud, kuma daga baya - ya dan Faisal. Amma a karshen karni na 19th, da Saudis aka fitar daga Riyadh - Riyadh to Kuwait wakilan wani iko iyali - Rashidi.

The kafa na sarauta daular

A farkon sabuwar - ashirin - karni tsakanin Saudis wanda ya so ya haifar da wani hadade Arabian jihar a karkashin mulkinsa, akwai wani saurayi, wanda makamai da soja kimiyya janyo hankalin fiye da addini yankuna ko tausasãwa na Eastern falsafa. Sunansa Abdul-Aziz bn Abdul Rahman bin Faisal Al Saud, ko kuma kawai Ibn Saud - sarki na farko na Saudi Arabia.

An fara tare da daya daga cikin lardunan - Nejd - dogaro a kan rukunan "tsarki" Islam, yin tushen da sojojin Makiyaya, wanda ya koya wa zama, a daidai lokacin dangane da Birtaniya support, ta amfani da fasaha da kuma kimiyya nasarorin da sabon karni - rediyo, motoci, jiragen sama, tarho - Abdul Aziz a 1932 ya zama shugaban da ya kafa m Musulunci jihar. Tun daga nan, da shugaban Saudi Arabia sun alternately iyali daya: Ibn Saud da 'ya'ya maza shida.

Cibiyar Musulunci duniya

Daga cikin lush epithets sãka musu da autocratic mulkin Saudi mulkinsa, shi ne daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci sunayen a cikin musulmi a duniya - "hidima na Masallatai Biyu." Sarkin Saudi Arabia yana da biyu manyan birane ga masu ibada Musulmi - Makka da Madina, wanda su ne manyan wuraren yin tsafin na Musulunci. Shi ne a cikin shugabanci na Makka juya su da hankali a lokacin sallolin Musulmi. A tsakiyar Makka ne Home, |aki, Great Masallaci - Al-Haram, a cikin tsakar gida wanda shi ne qwarai da gaske - wani "alfarma gidan" - a cubic tsarin da gina-in daya daga cikin kusurwoyin ta Black Stone, wanda aka aiko da Allah da annabi Adam, da kuma shãfe ta da Annabi Mohammed. Wadannan wuraren bauta - babban burin nemi da Hajj mahajjata.

Madina - da birnin da na biyu mafi girma a-Muslim Masallaci - Masjid al-Nabawi - Masallaci Annabi, a karkashin kore Dome wanda yake binne wurin Mohammed.

Sarkin Saudi Arabia, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa - wani mutum, wanda yake da alhakin da aminci daga cikin Musulmi wurare masu tsarki, domin rayuwa da kuma aminci daga cikin babbar talakawa da mutanen - wadanda suka yi hajji.

Takwas dan matarsa

The kafa na Saudi Arabia - Abdul Aziz Ibn Saud - shi ne gaskiya mulkin gabas: da yawa mata, wanda ya ƙidaya 'yan dozin, ta haifa masa' ya'ya maza 45-magada. Takwas matarsa, Ibn Saud ya bint Fahd Aziz Ashur, ya yi aure bayan da Saudis ya kashe ta farko miji - mafi mũnin abokin gaba da Abdul Aziz - mai mulkin daya daga cikin Arabian Emirates mai suna Saud Rashid. Wannan an haife Sarki Abdullah na Saudi Arabiya, wanda ya mutu a watan Janairu 2015 da kuma bar wani bugu a kan tarihin daular mulkinsu.

Lokacin a 1982, Abdullah ya za a ayyana kambi yarima da dama na yawan shekaru, ya dauki gadon rabin-wa Fahd dogon yayi tunani: All Al-Saud, ya tsaya a kan karaga, aka haife daya, da ƙaunataccen matar Ibn Saud - Husoy irin Sudairy. Amma duk da haka Abdullah, Magana game da mahaifiyar wani iyali - Shamar - ya zama sarki, sai ya kasance da a zahiri shine m, tun kafin hukuma sa kambi (2005) da ya zama firaministan kasar a 1995, lokacin da Fahd ritaya, ya zama kashe bayan wani bugun jini.

Idan na kasance a sultan ...

Rayuwa a cikin Musulunci jihar a kan dukkan matakan da alama sabon abu ga Turawa. Yana da wuya su yi tunanin Turai shugabanni, wanda za a yi aure sau 30, kamar yadda Korol Abdulla.

Saudi Arabia - a kasar da cewa na zaune da shari'ar musulunci, da kuma a cikin gidan wani mutum ba zai iya rayuwa fiye da mata hudu, shi ne abin da rayuwar iyali da aka shirya da Saudi sarki. Abdullah - uba na mutane da yawa yara, ya aka haife kawai game da hudu dozin yara, ciki har da 15 da 'ya'ya maza.

Abdullah ya ciyar da yara daga ƙauyãwã, wanda na da wani tasiri a kan monarch ta babbar sha'awa - ya kasance, har sai kwanan nan, ciyar da yawa lokaci a Morocco, inda ya shiga a cikin falconry, kuma ta yi karko na racehorses da aka sani zuwa ga dukan duniya.

da real arziki

Duk wanda a yau ganin SA babban birnin kasar - Riyadh - ko a kalla nuna a ciki daga cikin jirgin sama na Sarki na Saudi Arabia hoto, zai zama da wuya su yi tunanin cewa a lokacin da samuwar a 1932, Saudi Arabia mallakar duniya matalautan} asashe. A marigayi 30-ies babban reserves na man fetur da kuma iskar gas da aka bude a kasar Larabawa. Ci gaba da kuma ci gaban da adibas aka bai wa Amurka da kamfanonin man fetur, da farko ya dauki tafi da mafi yawan ribar. A hankali, kula da samar da man fetur da aka canjawa wuri zuwa jihar, cewa shi ne, da sarauta iyali, kuma petrodollars sun zama tushen arziki Saudi mulkin.

Saudis na taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin Organization Man Fetur Kasashen, wadda iko game da kashi biyu cikin uku na duniya arzikin man fetur. Rinjayar da Saudi monarch a kan samuwar farashin hydrocarbons kayyade su muhimmanci a siyasar duniya. Ya canza a ko'ina cikin karni na 20th, amma ya consistently karu.

Sarki - kawo canji

Ba shi yiwuwa su yi tunanin yiwuwar kwatsam canje-canje a kasashen waje da manufofin da m hanya na kasar inda ikon da cikakkar daular mulkinsu, inda zargi na gwamnatin yanke shawara iya biya shugaban, inda babu majalisu dalĩli: da dokokin - wannan sarauta dokoki. Musamman m game da daukaka na sarki-kawo canji, wanda aka bayar da Korol Abdulla. Saudi Arabiya a lõkacin da ta samu wasu sauƙi - kamar yadda a rigor gabashin Da'a, kazalika a gargajiya Musulunci matsananci lura da mata.

Daya daga cikin na farko dokokin da 6th Sarkin Saudi sarki soke bikin na sumbatan hannuwa, sun sauya shi da wani karin mulkin demokra musafiha. A mafi muhimmanci yanke shawara domin haramta na Abdullah ya zama mambobi ne na sarauta iyali don amfani ga sirri bukatun jihar baitulmalin.

The real juyin juya halin da aka kafa Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha Sarki Abdullah kusa da birnin Jeddah, inda halatta hadin gwiwa da horar da 'yan mata da yara maza. Babu kasa a gabbai ya nada mata to jama'a ofishin: Nora bint (bandeji - namiji misalin bin - "dan") Abdalla Ben Musaed Al-Faiz ya zama mataimakin ministan 'yan mata. A m na mata wasu daban na birni zaben ya sanya hoton na Saudi sarki ko da mafi m ga magoya bayan mulkin demokra garambawul. Ware kudi domin karatu a kasashen waje gagarumin kudi a yarda a yi CA mafi bude wa duniya.

'Yar sarki Abdullah - Princess Adilla - ya zama fuskar wani ra'ayin mazan jiya tsarin gwamnati. Matar Ministan ilimi, kyau, m mace, ke gani da yawa a matsayin wata alama sabuntawa, ko da yake shi ne babu tambaya na wani m bita na da muhimmancin mata a musulunci.

Hurumi hadisin

Duk da haka, babban abu ga hukuncin iyali a Mulkin - da halattar da kuma dawwamar hadisai dangane da kiyaye Sharia.

Corporal azãba daga mata ga 'm hali' ko lightheadedness tufafi, yankan kashe hannuwa domin sata, azãba mai tsanani ga duba duka biyu ga "sihiri", da dai sauransu - .. Yana da na kowa yi a cikin rãyuwar Saudi al'umma.

Wadannan hadisai sun hada da ostentation kewaye da Saudi sarautarsa. Private jet Sarkin Saudi Arabia daga wani fasaha ra'ayi - wani m jirgin sama karshen XX-karni, amma ciki ado kama wani aljanna-labari fada na Sultan na tatsuniyoyi "Dubu da Daya Nights."

Kuma wannan yana zartuwa ga da yawa Villas, yachts da kuma motoci na zuwa gidan sarauta.

Daya daga cikin arziki wadanada

Don lissafi daidai da monarch ta sirri arziki ne kusan ba zai yiwu, musamman a kasar rufe zuwa kasashen waje, kamar yadda Saudi Arabia. Kira da lambobi daga 30 zuwa 65 biliyan $. A cikin wani hali, shi ne ba da wani matalauci, ko da idan muka yi la'akari da yawan 'yan gidan sarauta. Akwai wani da suke ciyarwa petrodollars - matan Sarki na Saudi Arabia ne mai ban sha'awa harem, ko da yake Kur'ani da hani ga ƙa'ida da fiye da hudu. Dole mu rayayye amfani da saki Institute, wanda a gabas bã tãre da ba dole ba takalidai.

iyali Batutuwa

Duniya ta yau shi ne a ci gaba da aiwatar da bayanai musayar, abu don daban-daban matakan. A karshen shekarar 2013, a wata hira da Birtaniya jaridu, wanda ya yi 'yar sarki Abdullah na Saudi Arabia Princess Sahara. An yi zargin cewa, ta kuma ta uku da 'yan'uwanku mãtã na tsawon shekaru 13 a karkashin gidan kama, wanda aka hõre ta a kansu uba.

A jaridu da kuma a kan labarai portals buga labaru game da al'adu na sarauta harems. Sun kasance sũ ne shafa da kuma Sahara ta uwa - tsohon matar Sarkin Saudi Arabia. Hotuna Al-ANMC Daham al-Bakhit Al-Fayez, wanda a shekaru 15 na shekaru zama matar Abdullah, kuma aka hana rassa da fitar bayan kisan aure, ƙara wasan kwaikwayo a shekaru goma.

The abin kunya ya kõma da hankali ga matsalar na wariya ga mata a cikin musulmi a duniya. Articles game da mummunan rashin daidaito tsakanin maza da mata a Saudi jama'a malale, lokacin da buga da kuma kafofin watsa labaru. Musamman rare hotuna, inda jirgin da aka harbe Sarkin Saudi Arabia - alama ce ta na da style of gwamnati, dangane da unbridled alatu.

Amma shi ba haka ba ne mai sauki, da duniya ne har yanzu m. Na hau wani kalaman. Gwagwarmaya Musulunci kungiyoyi, tsakanin wanda akwai mata da yawa da babu kasa so ya zargi 'yan jarida da' yan siyasa a cikin wani kokarin suka cusa dabi'un al'umma, abin da ba su sami kai isar. A rashin amincewa da m dasa Yammacin ra'ayoyi kan salon da jũna a matsayin gaske da kuma wajaba a kansa.

The King ne matattu, Ran sarki ya daɗe

Yau, a kan kursiyin a Riyadh Salman na Saudi Arabia - bakwai Sarkin Saudi Arabia. Hotuna, wanda yin fim sabon sarkinsu, ba su bambanta ba yawa a cikin idanu na Turawa daga waɗanda cewa an cire, a cikin rãyuwar Sarki Abdullah. A tarihin na Saudi gwamnati ya ci gaba.