Rundunar Sojoji na farko a lokacin yakin basasa

Wajen da farko sojojin doki Army a cikin tarihi na Red Army na musamman. Wannan samuwar, wanda ya wanzu a 1919-1921 gg., Gudanar ya yi yaki a kan da dama fronts na yakin basasa. Budyonny sojan doki yãƙi a cikin Donbass, Ukraine, da Don, Kuban, Caucasus, a Poland da kuma Crimea. A cikin Tarayyar Soviet farko sojan doki samu almara matsayi, kamar ba ya cikin wani ɓangare na Red Army.

halittar

Famous farko sojan doki Army an halitta a watan Nuwamba 1919. The yanke shawara a kan ta samuwar dauki Revolutionary Soja Council. A m tsari sanya Iosif Stalin. A abun da ke ciki na sojojin kunshi uku rarrabuwa da kuma 1st sojan doki Corps. Ya umarta ta maniyyi Budenny. Shi ya jagoranci sabon samuwar.

A kan Hauwa'u na wannan taron Budennogo sojojin sun shagaltar da Kastornov tashar a zamani Kursk yankin. Sai suka bi da mãsu bãyar da bãya kungiyar soja Mamontov da fãtun jikinsu. A lokacin fadan, da tarho da gidan waya Lines aka lalace, wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa Budyonny bai gane cewa shi - da shugaban farko na dawakan Army. A da hukuma yanke shawara sanar a Stary Oskol. Members na Revolutionary Soja Council of sabon samuwar ya kuma an nada Voroshilov da Shchadenko. A farko ya riga ya halarci kungiyar na 10th Red Army, na biyu yana da wani kwarewa a cikin samuwar karami sassa.

na'urar

A farkon Disamba 1919 ya zo Budyonny gaba Marshal Egorov, Stalin, Voroshilov da Shchadenko. Tare da suke sanya hannu a cikin al'amarin №1. Saboda haka farko sojan doki Army da aka halitta. The tsari da aka sanya a Velikomikhailovka. Yau akwai wani tunawa gidan kayan gargajiya na farko sojan doki Army.

A sabuwar halitta sojojin ya cimma na farko nasara a farkon zamanin ta zama. Disamba 7 kashi sha wahala fari ƙwanso Konstantin Mamontov. Valuiki aka dauka. Akwai wani muhimmin Railway maha? Ar da akwai jiragen kasa da harsasai da kuma abinci. An kuma kama da yawa dawakai, da kaya.

A fadace-fadace don Valuiki musamman mai tsanani gwaje-gwaje jiran 4th Division. Da shi da aka mayar da hankali nauyi wuta na sulke jiragen kasa. Duk da wannan, da rabo sarrafa smoothly kuma rungumi Valuiki sãshinansu da bãyayyakinsu.

Yana da aka asali shirya cewa sojan doki zai zama biyar sojan doki rarrabuwa. Duk da haka, saboda rashin mutane a farko shi hada kawai uku. Har ila yau, a matsayin riba biyu dakaru rarrabu kuma avtootryad Sverdlov aka kara. Yana hada da 15 da motocin saka da inji bindigogi. Akwai Stroeva rundujar soja masu dawaki (12 jirgin sama). Yana da aka yi nufi ga gano da kuma tsayar da alaka tsakanin sassa na sojoji. By sojan doki yaba da 4 sulke jiragen kasa: "Kommunar", "Business", "Mutuwa ga Directory" da "Red mahayan dawakansa."

Donbass

Lokacin da Valuiki aka dauka Budyonny samu sabon umarni: don zuwa layin Kupyansk - taimain. A Revolutionary Soja Majalisar yanke shawarar buge da babban buga tare da reluwe waƙoƙi, da kuma karin - a cikin shugabanci na Pokrovskoye. The m aka za'ayi da gaggawa, kamar yadda Soviet jagorancin tsoron cewa mai bãyar da bãya White zai halakar da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin na mine. Tightens kuraye, likita wurare, wadata tushe. Disamba 16th Red Army shiga Kupyansk.

Da farko sojojin doki Army da aka halitta don yaƙar c Dobrarmii sojojin, sanya wani ƙoƙari mara nasara tafiya zuwa Moscow. Yanzu White tattara, da kuma ja, motsi zuwa kudu da kudu-maso-yammacin kwatance, a bi ta makiya na Soviet iko.

A watan Disamba, kafin sojan doki Army aiki ya haye kogin Seversky Donets River a yankin Loskutovka - Nesvetevich. Duk da hunturu, kankara a kan shi ba ni da karfi isa ya kai da nauyin da sojojin doki, da manyan bindigogi. Sabili da haka, 2 hanyoyin da za a shawo kan wannan halitta shãmaki: kama da ƙãre gada ko gina naka mararraba. White Guard umurnin aika zuwa arewa kogin Fresh sojojin. Duk da wannan, da safe na 17 Disamba Revolutionary Soja Majalisar bayar da umarnin a tilasta wa Donets.

Da farko sojojin doki Army ya mayar da hankali da kansa sulke sojojin, ja sama da raya, gyara jirgin kasa waƙoƙi, replenish ammonium. The aiki da aka tsara don m ci gaba. Saboda wannan, da farko sojojin doki Army Budenny ƙwarai m daga makwabciyar m regiments. Duk da haka, Seversky Donets har yanzu aka kara. Yana faru Disamba 23, 1919 a lokaci guda da aka dauka Lisichansk.

Karshen 1919

25-26 Disamba ci gaba nauyi yãƙi a cikin shugabanci Popasnaya. Vela su 12 th dakaru Division, su matsa gaba da taimakon sulke jiragen kasa. A kan ta hanyar shi ya birkice sojojin na da 2nd Corps na Kuban. Disamba 26th Division tafi zuwa ga line Popasnaya - Dmitrievka. A wannan rana 4 ga watan Don sojan doki Corps aka tsãwace kasashen waje Krinichnaya - Good. By Disamba 27th sojan doki Army cikakken ƙware line Bakhmut - Popasnaya. White, A halin yanzu, an shirya zuwa counterattack a kan hagu flank.

Bar baya da Seversky Donets, First sojan doki ci gaba tsananta a karkashin umurnin Shkuro generals da Ulagai. Disamba 29 Debalcevo fari hagu, da kuma gobe - kuma Nikitovka Gorlovka. A wata babbar yaƙi a kusa da kauyen na Alekseev-Leonovo suka ci regiments kasance wani ɓangare na Markov division.

9th dakaru da kuma 11th sojan doki Division ci gaba da ci gaba daga Gorlovka. Janairu 1, 1920, sun mamaye tashar da saurarõnsu Amvrosievka. A nan ne Circassian fari division sha kaye. Its remnants gudu zuwa kudu-maso-gabas da kuma kudu-maso-yammacin. A lokacin makon da ya gabata na shekara ta 1919 fari kãmammu rasa 5000 mutane da kuma kashe mutane 3,000. Red sojan doki kama 170 bindigogi, 24 da bindigogi, 10,000 bawo, 1.5 dawakai dubu da sauran kayan aikin soji.

By Janairu Donbass gaba daya shi ne a karkashin Bolshevik iko. Wannan nasara shi ne babban aiki da kuma dabarun, tattalin arziki da siyasa da muhimmanci. Soviet jamhuriyar tsiwirwirinsu damar zuwa proletarian densely lugar yankin, inda inexhaustible kafofin of man fetur. Mahayan bude hanya mafi guntu ga wani hari a kan Rostov kuma Taganrog.

Rostov

A cikin sabon 1920 farko sojan doki Army dauki bangare a cikin jimlan karshe na Novocherkassk Rostov-aiki da kuma 'yan canza su shugabanci. Janairu 6 ta dakarun shagaltar Taganrog. Ga sarrafa m Bolshevik karkashin kasa.

A rana ta farko na Sabuwar Shekara da kuma Budyonny Shchadenko don bayyana halin da ake ciki kuma, suka je ci-gaba ɓangare na ƙungiyoyin. Voroshilov aka dauke gwani a cikin Donbass, ya kuma kasance a cikin hedkwatar soja a Chistyakov (ya rubuta wani roko ga ma'aikatan na Donets Basin). A Kolpakovke Budyonny gana da Semyon Timoshenko. Ba da da ewa nasa bangare koma a Matveyev Kurgan. Mu da aka fada game da Generalskoe Bridge. Dare Janairu 7 White sanya wani ƙoƙari mara nasara to counterattack.

Janairu 8th Division Tymoshenko farko shigar da Rostov-on-Don. Street fadace-fadace da birnin dade kwanaki uku. Big kuskure White Guard umurnin aka yanke shawarar karfafa su tsaron gida matsayi a kan karkata Rostov, amma ba ka kula da kare wuraren kiwo nata, da ke tsakiyar birnin. A bayyanar a kan tituna na ja sojan doki kuwa ya faru m cewa abokan adawar na Bolsheviks bikin Kirsimeti taro.

Janairu 10 zuwa cece Tymoshenko zo 33rd Division Lewandowski da Rostov karshe shige a cikin hannãyenku daga cikin Bolsheviks. A lokacin da yãƙi a zaman talala suka game da 10 dubu fata. A hannun Red Army sun da dama, da bindigogi, da ɗari biyu da inji bindigogi da kuma sauran dukiya.

Local Revolutionary Soja Majalisar aika wani rabo rahoton zuwa Lenin da Revolutionary Soja Council of Southern Front. An bayar da rahoton cewa sun riƙi Rostov kuma Nakhichevan, da fari aka jefar for Gniloaksayskuyu da Bataisk. Kokarin ruwan sama ya hana kara bi na abokan gaba. A Aksay White halakar da mararraba na Don, kuma a Bataysk - ta hanyar Koysug. Duk da haka, shi gudanar ya ajiye ja gada da kuma wani jirgin ketaren kogi a Rostov. A birnin da aka nada Kwamandan, kwamandan sojojin, da kuma kafa Revolutionary kwamitin.

Caucasus

Bayan White bar banki na Don kuma Donets Basin, babban fada koma kusa da Caucasus, inda ya tafi da farko sojojin doki Army. A lokacin yakin basasa, irin aukuwa sauya kuma reassignment zuwa wasu fronts fage mai yawa. A farko saka a Arewacin Caucasus yi yaƙi 8, 9, 10, da kuma 11th Army. Farin da kuma ja sun daidaita a ƙarfi m, amma wakilan White motsi ya fi mahaya, wanda ya ba su mai kyau damar rawar daji.

Da farko Maris (a kan Platovskaya) Budyonny fara ranar 11 Fabrairu. The hanyar da aka wuya, kamar yadda hagu banki na Sala ya cika rashin hanyoyi. Machine-gun kuraye aka gyarawa a kan wani seleji. Kekunan shanun da kuma manyan bindigogi aka nutsar a cikin mita Layer na sabo snow. Yana wuya da kuma dawakai. A tsawon lokaci, Budyonny samu da kansa irin, bambanta da musamman jimiri da kuma shirya domin wuya yanayi na yaki. Su sa'an nan tsunduma a waddan ingarma gona na farko sojan doki Army, ya bude a cikin Soviet zamanin.

Fabrairu 15 ja doki a cikin breech yanki na gada haye Manych da kuma fara ci gaba a kan Shablievku. Red Army dauki amfani da duhu da kuma tafiya fata matsayi, haddasa su da wani m duka. Shablievka aka dauka fursuna samu cikunansu bataliya 1st Kuban kungiyar soja Vladimir Kryzhanovsky.

Egorlyk

Daga Fabrairu 25 ga Maris 2, ya tafi Egorlykskaya yaƙi - da most sojan doki yaƙi mataki domin dukan yakin basasa. Da farko sojojin doki Army dauki aiki bangare a shi. Budyonny ya iya kayar da sojojin na Janar Kryzhanovsky da Aleksandra Pavlova. A total number of sojojin doki, wanda ya dauki kashi a karo, ya 25 dubu mutane.

2nd Division Tymoshenko, ɓuya a wani m musamman a yarda ya rike kanka makiya shafi, bayan da fata aka rufe da nauyi manyan bindigogi wuta. Akwai wani karfi hari. White rikita batun da ya fara ja da baya. A da 4 ga watan Don Corps.

A karkashin Janar Pavlov sun sauran sassa. Kansa kyaftin a umurnin da 2nd Corps na Don. Wannan kungiyar ya gana da baraden na 20th dakaru Division (ta koma ta tsakiya Egorlyk). Nan da nan da darajõji Pavlovians wedged 4th sojan doki Division sojojin doki. Rayayye yi amfani da manyan bindigogi da kuma inji bindigogi, akwai mai tsanani sabon. Budyonny da Voroshilov jagoranci 1st Brigade da kuma yanke maƙiyi gudun hijira hanyoyi zuwa tsakiya Ergolyku.

A cikin yaƙi da shan kashi sha wahala key ƙarfi fari - Cossack sojojin doki. Saboda wannan, shi ya fara da tartsatsi ritaya daga abokan adawar na Soviet iko. Kwamandan na farko sojan doki Army bai kasa ya dauki amfani da wani rabo: ta zama ƙarƙashin ƙungiyoyin shagaltar Stavropol da Chomutov. Bugu da ari bi na abokan gaba, duk da haka, ragae down. Shafi m spring narke.

Kuban

Maris 13, 1920 ya a Egorlykskaya Budyonny samu sabon umarnin Revolutionary Soja majalisar Caucasian Front. A takarda dauke da domin su ƙetare kogin Kuban. A Maris 14, na farko doki zo Ordzhonikidze (a memba na Front Soja Council) da kuma Tukhachevsky (gaban kwamandan).

Ba da da ewa sojojin tafi zuwa ga sabon yaƙin neman zaɓe. A kan bankunan na Kuban aka halaka gidaje Sultan Giray. Mãsu bãyar da bãya fari halakar da mafi yawan crossings. Maimakon haka, sabon pontoons, gyara da abin ya shafa da gadoji da aka gina. By Maris 19 da farko sojojin doki haye Kuban.

Kwana uku daga baya, Budyonny zo zuwa Maikop. Ga su jira dubu biyar sojojin Shevtsova. Sun kasance-Bolshevik shiryayye ƙungiyõyinsu a gabãninsu, wanda kunshi Black Sea da kuma Caucasian kungiyoyin. Shevtsova tawagar ya taimaka wajen kafa Soviet da iko a Tuapse da Sochi.

Maikop ya muhimmanci daga dabarun ra'ayi, birnin, kamar yadda akwai m filayen man fetur. Su tsare aka tsunduma kai tsaye farko sojan doki Army. A yakin basasa ne riga mai juyo. White mãsu bãyar da bãya a kan dukkan fronts. Maikop aiki shi ne na karshe zuwa Budyonny Caucasus.

Poland

A cikin bazara na 1920 da farko sojojin doki Budyonny sojojin yake yaƙi da Poland (da kafofin na cewa lokaci amfani da kalmar "Polish gaban"). Da gaske, shi ne wani ɓangare na wani janar rikici a yankin na Rasha Empire rududdugaggu.

Kwanaki 52 Budennogo sojojin koma daga Maikop ga Ukrainian garin Uman. Duk wannan lokaci da ci gaba arangama da sojojin UNR. A watan Mayu da Yuni 1st sojan doki halarci Kiev aiki na Red Army. A cikin farko kwanaki biyu na m, ta gudanar ya kayar da Ataman Kurovskiy.

Yaren mutanen Poland gaban da aka karya ta a ranar 5 ga watan Yuni. Sojoji da kuma busa na farko sojan doki Army shiga Zhytomyr. A muhimmiyar rawa a cikin wannan nasarar taka leda 4th Division, umarta ta Dmitry Korotchaev. Kananan Polish sojojin da aka ci. da yawa Red Army sojoji da aka saki daga zaman talala. A wannan rana da Dogayen sanda bar Berdichev.

A waɗannan kwanaki na Yuni 1920 shugaban farko sojan doki Army na Red Army da aka tsunduma a farko da kafa iko a kan mafi muhimmanci hanyoyi da Railways. Yana Budyonny karya mahada tsakanin Yaren mutanen Poland sojojin, wanda ya taimaka sauran Soviet sojojin sun shagaltar da Kiev. A marigayi Yuni, sojojin doki zo a Novograd Volyn, da kuma Yuli 10 - a Rivne.

A karshen Yuli 1920 Budennys canjawa wuri a karkashin Lions. Ga su hõrarru ne da yammacin Front (da suka kasance wani ɓangare na kudu maso yammacin gaban). Agusta 16 da aka kara ta Yamma Bug. A kwanaki na jini yãƙi a cikin Lions. A kan Red Army sarrafa jirgin sama da kuma sulke jiragen kasa. Events a cikin kusanci da Lvov fadi a cikin labari "yaya da Karfe An zafin", rubuta Nikolaem Ostrovskim.

Red sojan doki ya ba shagaltar da garin. Umurce Tukhachevskogo fuskanta zuwa ga Lublin, ta bar Lvov kusanci. A kwanaki na ƙarshe na Agusta an fada domin Zamosc. Ga shugaban farko sojan doki Army a cikin yakin basasa Budyonny bai iya karya da juriya na Dogayen sanda da kuma jawabai a kan su gefe na Ukrainians na UNR Army.

Crimea

A cikin watan Satumba 1920, Red sojan doki ya kan kudancin gaban, inda ya ci gaba da yaki da fata sarrafawa Crimea na Wrangel. Bi a watan Nuwamba Perekop-Chongarsky aiki a karkashin umurnin Mihaila Frunze ƙare zama ja sashin.

A sojan doki kuwa ya yi babban taimako ga nasarar da Red Army a cikin fadace-fadace a kusa da Kakhovka bridgehead. Budyonny amsa tare da biyu sojan doki Army, umarta ta Philip Mironov.

A karshe fadace-fadace daga cikin shahararrun samuwar kasance a cikin hunturu na 1920-1921. Kwamandan na farko sojan doki Army sake ya jagoranci sojoji zuwa Ukraine, inda Soviet hukumomi na ci gaba da fafitikar da Makhno. Wannan ya biyo ta canja wuri zuwa Arewa Caucasus, inda 'yan tawayen sojojin da aka ci Mihaila Przhevalskogo. Disbandment na farko sojan doki Army ya faru a watan Mayu 1921. Its hedkwatar ci gaba da aiki har sai da fall na 1923 Yuli.

Mahayan ci gaba a Rasha an sa ta azumi rearrangements maneuvering sassauci da kuma maida hankali m albarkatu da makamashi a cikin shugabanci na babban hari. Red sojan doki kaunace kwatsam hari da wata hujja hulda da daban-daban tsarin da kuma raka'a nasu.

Iosif Stalin, nan gaba shugaban Soviet jihar, an girmamawa Red Army a farko sojan doki (wannan suna ya Marshal Egorov). Bayan yakin basasa, shi ya samu matsayi na wani muhimmin alama ce ta yi nasara da yaki da abokan adawar na Bolsheviks. Budyonny yana daga cikin na farko na biyar Soviet shugabanni. shi ne kuma sau uku bayar da muƙamin Hero na Tarayyar Soviet.

A yau a cikin Zernograd gundumar Rostov yankin yana aiki a gonar masarautar rundunar soja ta farko. A Lviv, an kafa wata alama ga Budyonnovtsy. Hanyoyin Konarmia suna cikin Stary Oskol, Simferopol da Rostov-on-Don. Hoton hotunansa da aka sani da tarihin labarun da Ishaku Babel ya yi, fina-finai na Yefim Dzigan, George Berezko da Vladimir Lubomudrov.