Pleural mesothelioma: Bayyanar cututtuka, Sanadin, rigakafin

Pleural mesothelioma - mai matukar hatsari ciwon daji cuta, wadda yana tare da fitowan da kuma ci gaban m ciwace-ciwacen daji a cikin huhu pleural membrane. Babu shakka, irin wannan cuta ba zai iya shafar jihar na huhu da kuma na dukan jiki. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa yana da muhimmanci ga koyi da asali haddasawa da kuma bayyanar cututtuka da cutar. A baya a daidai ganewar asali da kuma far da aka qaddamar, da mafi kusantar su cimma gafarta musu kuma tsawanta mutum rayuwa.

Mene ne pleural mesothelioma? Hotuna da taƙaitaccen bayanin

Ciwon daji na pleura - a rare ciwon daji. Duk da cewa ana iya bincikar lafiya a kowane zamani, masu rinjaye da marasa lafiya tare da ganewar asali balagagge namiji memba, a wasu hanya da hannu a m aikin da. Shi ne kuma ya kamata a lura da cewa yawan mutanen da ke fama daga wannan cuta da aka girma a kowace shekara.

Mesothelioma - ƙari wanda aka kafa a cikin aiwatar da m canji na epithelial Kwayoyin pleura. Na farko, shi yana cikin hanyar kananan nodules ko flakes, wanda lambar qara kamar yadda cutar progresses, kafa wani irin haske a kusa da harsashi.

Iri na m marurai

A zamani magani, akwai da dama rarrabuwa tsarin. Dangane da irin pleural mesothelioma Kwayoyin iya zama:

• epithelioid (irin nau'in ciwon daji na faruwa a 50-60% na lokuta);
• fibrous ko sarcomatoid (samu a 10% na lokuta);
• 30-40% na duk lokuta da ƙari ne a biyu-lokaci, ko kuma gauraye (kunshi duka biyu cell iri).

Dangane da tsarin da ya zama ruwan dare acinar, kananan cell, kuma tubopapillyarnye share cell malignancies.

A pathogenesis da cutar

Pleural mesothelioma - sakamakon m canji na sel pleural surface epithelium (mesothelium). Lokacin da wani kumburi da aka kafa siffar wani ƙari a wani rabo daga parietal ko visceral pleura. Amma duk da haka sau da yawa a can ne yaxuwa nau'i na da cuta a cikin abin da m Kwayoyin diffusely rarraba kan pleura, Yanã rufe hasken hali. A wannan yanayin, idan pleural rami ya rage free, a cikin lura jari na hemorrhagic (tare da jini), ko seroplastic exudate.

Tun pleura hankali lambobi da pericardium (ambulan enveloping zuciya tsoka), sa'an nan da m Kwayoyin a baya, saukarwa kuma iya amfani da yadudduka na pericardium. Har ila yau, m ƙari ga metastasize zuwa Lymph nodes.

Babban Sanadin cutar

An ban sha'awa tambaya, kuma suna haddasawa da wannan cuta. Hakika, don cikakken nazarin inji na m canji na sel aka ba da cikakken nasara. Duk da haka, da zamani masu bincike sun gano cewa akwai da dama da hadarin abubuwan da tsokana da irin wannan mummunan cuta:

• Sa m canji na sel za a iya tuntube da asbestos. A cewar ilimin kididdiga karatu, 9 daga 10 maza, waɗanda aka gano pleural mesothelioma, baya aiki tare da wannan abu. Af, asbestos da aka yi amfani da ko'ina a masana'antu don game 1970s.
• Hadarin dalilai sun hada da kamuwa da cuta daga mutum SV40 cutar, wanda aka sani a magani karkashin wani sunan, wato simian cutar. Daga shekarar 1955 zuwa shekarar 1963, shi da za'ayi a duniya lamba na yawan da cutar shan inna. Abin baƙin ciki, maganin da aka gurbata da cutar barbashi. Yadda daidai wannan iri ne da hannu a cikin samuwar da kuma ci gaban mesothelioma, har karshen ne ba a sani ba, amma dangane za a iya gano.
• Hanyar da cuta na iya zama illa a jiki na radiation. Alal misali, mesothelioma iya ci gaba da tuntuba da jikin thorium dioxide. Af, wannan abu zuwa 1950s, an yi amfani da lokacin radiological Nazarin. Kuma pleural hannu iya hade da baya canjawa wuri radiotherapy.
• Contact tare da wasu sinadarai ne ma iya sa cuta. Alal misali, ci gaba da aikin tare da wasu iri inks, kaushi, lalatattu sunadarai da farko take kaiwa zuwa airway rauni, sa'an nan zuwa ga m canji na Kwayoyin.

Abin da ake da bayyanar cututtuka da cutar faruwa a bango?

Nan da nan yana da daraja cewa da m pleural mesothelioma tasowa wuce yarda da sauri. Ba tare da dace ganewar asali kawai 'yan watanni baya da cutar zai iya kai ga mutuwa na mutum.

Yawancin lokaci, na farko alama ne zafi a cikin ƙananan ɓangare na kirji, da kuma wani lokacin a baya. Bugu da kari, marasa lafiya koka m bushe tari, wanda aka ma tare da taushi. Tare da ci gaban da cutar ne kiyaye wahala hadiya, hoarseness.

Akwai alamun cewa bi mesothelioma na pleura. Alamun sun hada da nauyi sweating da kuma zazzabi. Sau da yawa, marasa lafiya fuskanci anemia. Shi ne kuma zai yiwu don Weight Loss, ba tare da dieting ko wani canji a cikin wadata.

Tun da pleural rami accumulates ruwa, daya daga cikin disturbances, kuma dyspnea ne, ba kawai a lokacin jiki aiki, amma a sauran jihohi. Huda da kuma kau da exudate taimako a kan lokaci zuwa sauƙaƙe haƙuri da yanayin. Duk da haka, pleural thickening presses a kan mediastinal gabobin, sau da yawa haddasa disturbances a kan wani ɓangare na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini tsarin.

ganewar asali da cutar

Lokacin da kyan gani, daga wani gogaggen likita yi zargin cewa wani haƙuri yana pleural mesothelioma. Ganewar asali complemented kirji X-ray. Amma kawai 'yan ãyõyi za ka iya gani a cikin hotuna. Saboda haka, dole kuma sauran nazarin:

• Babban Hanyar ganewar asali ne a CT scan. A lokacin jarrabawa, za ka lura da kasancewar pleural effusion, pleural thickening kumburi, da ƙari talakawa cewa kewaye da damfara da huhu, mediastinal motsi.
• Magnetic rawa Dabarar samar da wani karin cikakken hoto na har na ƙari baza. Zaka kuma iya sanin ko da mataki na lalacewar da diaphragm, da kuma yaduwar cutar zuwa kewaye taushi nama.
• Inda ya nuna da kuma yin positron watsi tomography, wanda damar domin sanin gaban m metastases da har na Lymph kumburi hannu.

Wasu daga cikin hanyoyin da yin tabbatar da ganewar asali morphological

Bayan wadannan hanyoyin bukatar da morphological tabbatar da ganewar asali. Wannan yana nufin cewa kana bukatar ka ƙayyade ko da gano marurai, lalle ne m mesothelioma.

Farko, kuma farkon a kan analysis dauki exudation daga pleural rami, to, wanda aka aiko domin cytology. Abin baƙin ciki, ji na ƙwarai da wannan dabara ne kawai 25-50%, sabili da haka ya bukatar wasu da ƙididdiga. Wani lokaci yana yi da kuma histologic binciken, na daidaiton wanda, da rashin alheri, ba ma high kuma shi ne game da 60%. Duk da haka, wadannan hanyoyin ne mafi m da kuma araha, amma saboda ana gudanar da fari.

More daidai dabaru ne masu cin zali, kuma musamman Mediastinoscopy thoracoscopy (ya hada da bincike bude kirji).

Mene ne magani tsari?

Abin baƙin ciki, da sakamako daga magunguna da cewa an yi amfani da zamani magani domin jiyyar cutar sankara, shi ne kawai 20%. Da amfani da "Cisplatin", "Mitomycin", "Etoposide", "Gemzar" da kuma wasu sauran magunguna iya rage girman da ƙari kuma a cimma burin inganta haƙuri yanayin. Duk da haka, da zinariya misali ne mai hade da jiyyar cutar sankara. Alal misali, makirci iya duba kamar haka: "Gemcitabine" + "Alimta" ko "Gemcitabine" + "Cisplatin".

Idan akwai wani pleural effusion, da mãsu haƙuri iya ba cytostatics gudanarwa ta kai tsaye a cikin pleural kogo. Wani lokaci wannan manufa amfani interferon. Ya taimaka wajen rage gudu ko dakatar da jari na exudate da haka ƙwarai sauƙaƙe haƙuri da numfashi.

Babu shakka, aiki da bincike da dama anti-magungunan cutar daji suna da za'ayi a ranar. Dauke alamar kwayoyi - hanawa na jijiyoyin bugun gini endothelial girma factor. Abin baƙin ciki, da rayuwa kudi tsakanin marasa lafiya ne matalauci.

Dole m hanyoyin

Wannan cuta bar ba yawa dakin rawar daji, musamman a lokacin da ta je da daga baya, saukarwa da cutar. Saboda haka, ko tiyata ne yiwu idan wani haƙuri kamu da pleural mesothelioma? M magani, yawanci za'ayi kawai idan ƙari da aka sarrafa a daya tabo. A irin haka ne, kau da aka kwashe pleura, wani lokacin tare da wani yanki na huhu. Wadannan hanyoyin da ake da za'ayi a game da 11-15% na lokuta. A tsawon lokaci da rayuwa ko bayan irin wannan m magani ne 9-22 watanni, a mafi 'yan shekaru. A mafi tasiri sakamakon bada hade far, a cikin abin da aiki ne a hade tare da jiyyar cutar sankara.

Pleural mesothelioma: forecast

Cancers ta wata hanya mai hadarin gaske. Saboda haka abin da ya sa ran haƙuri wanda aka kamu da "pleural mesothelioma"? Forecast, alas, ba ma kwantar da hankali. Hakika, shi duka dogara a kan daidai da abin da Stage cutar da ake bincikar lafiya. Account tafii da shekaru da kuma janar kiwon lafiya na haƙuri, da tasiri na kwayoyi amfani, da sauransu. D. A general, da dama daga cikin far a farkon matakai da cutar za a iya cimma gafarta musu, wani lokacin ceton haƙuri da rayuwa ta 5-6 shekaru.

Abin baƙin ciki, quite sau da yawa a cikin marasa lafiya bincikar lafiya tare da wani a guje pleural mesothelioma (mataki 4). Yaya mutane da yawa suna zaune tare da wannan cuta? Abin baƙin ciki, ko da tare da yin amfani da duk hanyoyin da zamani magani da wuya ajiye haƙuri ta rayuwa fiye da 2-8 watanni.

Akwai matakan hana cuta?

Pleural mesothelioma huhu - wani mai wuce yarda m cutar da cewa sau da yawa ya sa da mutuwar wani mutum. Abin takaici, wani tasiri prophylactic wakili ba ya wanzu. Duk da haka, a hankali nazarin manyan abubuwan da za su iya fararwa m canji na Kwayoyin, kuma idan zai yiwu kokarin kauce wa gare su. Alal misali, huhu kwararru karfi bayar da shawarar yin aiki tare da asbestos, rayuwa a cikin m yanayi, da sauransu. D.

Babu shakka, shi wajibi ne don dakatar shan taba, kamar yadda wannan al'ada za a iya sa mai yawa cututtuka na numfashi tsarin, ciki har da wannan. Kuma a kowace shekara yana da muhimmanci a yi m X-ray jarrabawa na huhu (kirji X-haskoki), saboda jima za a kamu da wani musamman cuta, da girma samu damar samun nasara da magani. Musamman da hankali wajibi ne a biya ma'aikata na m masana'antu, wanda kiwon lafiya ne a babban hatsari.