Rasha shiga cikin kungiyar WTO: ribobi da fursunoni. Lokacin da Rasha shiga cikin kungiyar WTO (kwanan wata, shekara)?

WTO - shi ne na duniya ma'aikata da abubuwa a matsayin magaji zuwa Gaba Yarjejeniyar a kan tariffs da cinikayya (GATT). A karshen da aka sa hannu a shekarar 1947. Yana da aka zaci cewa shi ne wucin gadi da kuma zã a maye gurbinsu da wani cikakken fledged kungiyar. Duk da haka, da GATT shi ne babban yarjejeniyar gudãnar waje cinikayya domin kusan shekaru 50. Tarayyar Soviet so su shiga gare shi, amma ya ba ba, don haka cikin gida tarihi na hulda da wannan tsarin kawai yana farawa daga lokacin da Rasha shiga cikin kungiyar WTO. Wannan batun da aka kishin yau labarin. Har ila yau, za a bincikar sakamakon abin da Rasha ta shiga cikin kungiyar WTO, da ribobi da fursunoni da wannan shawarar. Mu duba a cikin tsari, da yanayi, da manufofin masu Accession ga World Trade Organization, kalubalantar tambayoyi ga Rasha Federation.

Za Rasha shiga WTO?

The Russian Federation ne shari'a magaji na Tarayyar Soviet. Idan muka magana game da lokacin da Rasha shiga cikin kungiyar WTO, yana da muhimmanci a gane cewa wannan ma'aikata ya zama aiki ne kawai a 1995. A sabon shiri yana saka idanu wani yawa fadi kewayon batutuwa. Tarayyar Soviet ƙaddamar da wani m request ga Kiyayewa matsayi a cikin Uruguay Zagaye a shekarar 1986, da nufin kara Accession ga Janar Yarjejeniyar a kan tariffs da cinikayya. Amma Amurka ƙaryata shi. Dalilin shi da habarta tattalin arzikin da Tarayyar Soviet, wanda ya ba su jituwa da mas'ala ta free cinikayya. Tarayyar Soviet da aka sanya Kiyayewa matsayi a shekarar 1990. Bayan samun 'yancin kai Rasha nan da nan don amfani ga Accession da GATT. Ba da da ewa Gaba Yarjejeniyar da aka canza kama zuwa cikakken fledged kungiyar. Duk da haka, da kai tsaye shigarwa a cikin Rasha Federation a GATT / WTO ya dauka kusan shekaru 20. Da yawa tambayoyi bukata daidaituwa.

A tsari na Accession a kungiyar WTO

Rasha matsayin mai zaman kanta a jihar farkon Accession ga World Trade Organization a 1993. Daga lokacin da na fara gwama cinikayya-siyasa tsarin mulki na kasar tare da WTO nagartacce. Sai muka fara hadin tattaunawar a lokacin da Rasha sanya ta farko shawara a kan matakin da goyon baya ga aikin noma da kuma kasuwar damar. Wadannan tambayoyi biyu samar da tushen tattaunawar har ƙulla yarjejeniyar a shekarar 2012. A shekarar 2006, a cikin tsarin na Asia-Pacific Forum, Rasha da kuma Amurka hannu Rasha ta Accession yarjejeniya a kungiyar WTO. Duk da haka, rikicin kudi na duniya da kuma tattaunawa a kan aiwatar da kara matakai na samun membobinsu a cikin kungiyar da aka dakatarda. Ya taka rawar gani, da kuma rikici da Georgia kan ta Kudu Ossetia da Abkhazia. The kwangila tare da wannan kasa shi ne na karshe mataki a kan hanyar zuwa Rasha ta WTO Accession. Yana da aka sa hannu a shekarar 2011 a Switzerland.

kwastan jam'iyya

A la'akari da tambaya, a lokacin da Rasha shiga cikin kungiyar WTO, yana da muhimmanci a fahimci cewa tun Janairu 2010, da Rasha Federation son su shiga a cikin aiwatar da Accession ga kwastam Union. Wannan Vladimir Putin sanya wata sanarwa a kan EurAsEC taron da majalisar a watan Yuni 2009. A kwastam Union hada da, ban da Rasha, Belarus da kuma Kazakhstan. Yana da aka kafa a watan Oktoba 2007. Mambobin kungiyar WTO iya zama ba kawai kasar amma kuma hadewa da ƙungiyoyi. Duk da haka, jagorancin da World Trade Organization rhinestones yi gargadin Rasha hukuma cewa irin wannan bukata zai jinkirta da yawa kan aiwatar da samun membobinsu. A watan Oktoba 2009, Rasha sanarwa bayyana desirability na komawarsu hadin tattaunawar. Kazakhstan shiga cikin World Trade Organization, a 2015, da kuma Belarus ne har yanzu ba memba na wannan duniya ma'aikata.

Lokacin da Rasha shiga cikin kungiyar WTO: Kwanan wata, Shekara

A zaman majalisar na hadin tattaunawa ya ƙwarai Sauki aiwatar da Accession ga World Trade Organization ga Rasha Federation. By Disamba 2010, duk da al'amurran da suka shafi da aka warware. A Brussels taron, ya sa hannu cikin daidai yarjejeniyar. Agusta 22, 2012 - da kwanan wata a lokacin da Rasha ta shiga cikin kungiyar WTO. Kwanan wata alama ƙulla da layinhantsaki na Accession na Rasha Federation, ya sa hannu a kan Disamba 16 na 2011, da kuma shiga da karfi na dacewa da dokokin yi.

shigarwa da yanayi

A hanya domin Accession a kungiyar WTO shi ne wajen rikitarwa. Ya kunshi dama, saukarwa da kuma daukan wani m 5-7 shekaru. Jiha ta farko da tambaya ga yan kungiya. Bayan da cewa akwai da shawara na cinikayya da siyasa tsarin mulki na kasar a matakin na wucin gadi aiki kungiyoyin. A cikin mataki na biyu, tattaunawar da shawarwari a kan sharuddan da mai nema wakilinsa a cikin kungiyar WTO. Suna iya shiga kowace ƙasa da abin ya shafa. Da farko tattaunawar game da damar yin amfani da kasuwanni da kuma lokaci na gabatarwar canje-canje. yanayi na Accession kõma sama da wadannan takardu:

• Working Group rahoton. Yana kafa daga jerin dukkan hakkokin da wajibai da cewa an zaci ta kasar.
• List of jadawalin kuɗin fito asasshe a cikin kayayyaki filin da kuma yarda da yiwuwar subsidizing da agrarian kansu.
• Jerin dagewa na musamman a kan ayyuka.
• Jerin ware ga MFN.
• Legal shirye-shirye a kan wani hadin kuma da sulhu da matakin.
• Layinhantsaki na Accession.

A karshe mataki, ƙulla da kunshin takardun, wanda aka amince da a cikin tsarin na wucin gadi aiki kungiyoyin. Bayan haka ya zama wani ɓangare na kasa dokokin da mai nema jihar da kuma wani dan takarar kasa jũya a cikin wani World Trade Organization memba.

Goals da Manufofi

Lokacin da Rasha shiga cikin kungiyar WTO a shekarar 2012, shi kuwa suka yi haka kamar yadda wani ɓangare na da ci gaban tattalin arziki dabarun. Don kwanan wata, a jihar ba zai iya gina wani tasiri na kasa da tattalin arziki, ba tare da kasancewa memba na wannan kungiya. Rasha biyã a Accession a kungiyar WTO da wadannan manufofin:

• Samun mafi girma samun waje kasuwanni ga m kayayyakin ta hanyar amfani da MFN, wanda aka ayyana da kungiyar.
• Samar da wani m zuba jari sauyin yanayi ta hanyar kawo kasa dokokin cikin layi tare da sauran} asashen duniya.
• Inganta shiga gasa da na cikin gida da kaya.
• Karuwan da dama ga 'yan kasuwa na Rasha da kuma zuba jari a kasashen waje.
• Da damar zuwa tasiri samuwar dokar kasa da kasa a fannin cinikayya, shan la'akari nasu kasa amfane shi.
• Inganta kasar image a cikin idanu na duniya ra'ayin jama'a.

Irin wannan dogon Accession tattaunawa - shaidar so a cimma mafi sharadi gwargwado ga Rasha membobinsu.

jadawalin kuɗin fito canje-canje

Daya daga cikin manyan matsalolin to Rasha membobinsu na WTO ya kasance da harmonization na manufofin samun damar zuwa da kasuwar ga kasashen waje kaya. The mai nauyi talakawan shigo da jadawalin kuɗin fito da aka rage. A akasin wannan, da keɓaɓɓen yawa na kasashen waje da hannu a cikin inshora kansu sun karu. Bayan wucewa na mika mulki lokaci, shigo da aikinsu a kan iyali kayan, magunguna da na'urorin likita za a rage. a kan sabis - A karkashin Accession 57 hadin kan yarjejeniya a kan hanya zuwa kasuwannin gida domin dukiya da kuma 30 da aka sanya a kungiyar WTO.

aikin gona al'amurran da suka shafi

Bayan tattauna jadawalin kuɗin fito asasshe a tattaunawar zauna da muhimmanci wuri da kariya daga noma a Rasha. Rasha Federation nemi rage adadin tallafin da za a rage. Kwastan aikinsu a kan kayayyakin gona sun zama 11.275% maimakon 15,178%. Domin mutum samfurin kungiyoyin fadi sharply ta 10-15%. Bayan Rasha shiga cikin kungiyar WTO a shekara lokacin da ya fara subside rikicin kudi na duniya, da m noma da aka fuskanci da yawa mafi girma gasar a cikin gida da kuma kasashen waje kasuwanni.

Abubuwan da Rasha Federation

Don kwanan wata, akwai littattafai masu yawa da articles kishin kima na Rasha ta Accession ga World Trade Organization. Mai masana sun ce cikin tabbatacce tasiri wannan tsari a kan tattalin arzikin. Saboda haka abin da shekara Rasha shiga cikin kungiyar WTO? A shekarar 2012. Abin da ya canza? Accession dauki shekaru 18 na aiki. Wannan tsari ya dauki yawa fiye tsammani. Saboda haka, tabbatacce sakamako iya bayyana kawai a cikin m nan gaba. Kamar yadda mafi yawan masana annabta a cikin gajeren gudu shi ne mafi girma daga asarar membobinsu na WTO fiye da ainihin nasarori. Duk da haka, akwai wasu dabarun da abũbuwan amfãni daga dabara kashi. Saboda haka, Accession ga WTO - wannan shi ne haƙĩƙa wani tabbatacce mataki, tare da abin da kara raya kasar, dã mun kasance m.

Amfani ko rashin amfani membobinsu

Bayan Rasha shiga cikin kungiyar WTO a shekarar 2012, masana harkokin shari'a, da kuma tattalin arziki ba su taɓa gajiya buga sabon articles nazarin al'amurra da kuma matsalolin da dangantaka da wannan taron. uku ra'ayoyi za a iya raba:

1. Baruwan. Ga misali, Farfesa Alexander Portansky yi imanin cewa, shiga cikin kungiyar WTO ba zai kawo wani amfãni, ko wata illa.
2. M. Analyst Alexei Kozlov ce cewa WTO membobinsu ba shi ba da Rasha da wani fili da abũbuwan amfãni a cikin gajeren lokaci. Duk da haka, wannan taron shi ne da amfani ga sauran mambobin kungiyar. Al'amurra a cikin dogon lokaci domin Rasha Kozlov ba la'akari da.
3. Korau. Shugaban tattalin arziki a Deutsche Bank a Rasha Yaroslav Lisovik yi imanin cewa WTO Accession iya adversely shafi tattalin arzikin kasar, musamman ma a cikin masana'antu, saboda da akan rage shigo da aikinsu.

Duk da haka, mafi masana sun yarda cewa abũbuwan amfãni a gare Rasha daga membobinsu a cikin World Trade Organization za a nuna, bayar da wani m cikin gida da kuma kasashen waje da manufofin kawai a cikin dogon lokaci.