Jihar kenkenewa: iri. A batu na jihar monopolies. Jihar tsari na halitta monopolies

A yau duniya, tattalin arziki imani kenkenewa ci gaba birki. A cewar su, shi ba zai iya tilasta wa boye abinci da zamanintar da kuma inganta samar da matakai.

ba za mu iya yarda da wannan matsayi, amma ya zama dole don ƙara da cewa akwai wasu yankuna na samarwa, wanda ba za a iya wadãtu ba tare da wani kenkenewa. Haka kuma, idan a cikin takamaiman sassa na tattalin arzikin de-monopolize kasuwa, shi ya yi alkawarin wani kaifi Yunƙurin a farashin kudin da sabis.

Yadda za a gudanar da wani kenkenewa?

Idan ba za ka iya yi ba tare da wani kenkenewa, akwai wani m batun daga cikin hanyoyin da dabaru na kula da yadda ake gudanar da ake da za'ayi a cikin irin wannan kasuwar. Bayan duk, ba tare da shi yana iya unnecessarily kara farashin da kuma ingancin kayayyakin zai koma baya.

A wannan yanayin, da babban iko kayan aiki irin Enterprises ne gwamnatin tsari kenkenewa. Tare da taimakon da ya dace da dokokin da gwamnatin yana sanya wani yanayi, da ikon yinsa, daga wanda kamfanin ba zai iya tafi.

Idan muka yi la'akari da Jihar kenkenewa, yana da ba haka sauki. Bayan duk, wanda, idan ba a jihar, aka ta yin amfani da albarkatun, don samar da kayayyaki na taro manufa a rage farashin? Zai yiwu babu wuri guda na kasuwanci yi haka ba zasu iya ba, domin sun rasa tushen kudade ga kudin na samarwa. A harkar muhimmanci yankunan, ba tare da bayyana taimakon ba zai iya yi.

A ra'ayi na jihar kenkenewa

Saboda haka, kafin ka fara don nazarin wannan batu, da farko dole mu fahimci manufar kanta. Jihar kenkenewa - wani irin ajizai gasar, a cikin abin da kenkenewa ne jihar kanta.

Wannan na iya zama saboda wani isasshe manyan yawan dalilai: kariya ta rauni segments na yawan jama'ar, sami ƙarin tushen ƙari da kasafin kudin, manufofin don sarrafa wadanda sassa cewa ne mafi ban sha'awa ga jihar.

A wasu wuraren akwai iya zama irin wannan yanayin?

Amma, a jihar kenkenewa a mafi yawan kasashen mika wa wadannan ayyuka da kuma samfurori:

- kayayyakin na taro amfani.

- kwayoyi.

- giya.

- taba kayayyakin.

- sayar da wasu kayayyakin kasashen waje.

- ma'adanai, da dai sauransu.

A wasu kalmomin, jihar kenkenewa - ne da kayan aiki da abin da gwamnati za ta iya sarrafa yana kokarin muhimmanci a gare shi ya sassa na tattalin arziki.

Wane ne batun jihar kenkenewa?

Wannan definition ake magana a kai a matsayin kamfanin ko kungiyar da cewa samar da aiki na gata a kenkenewa kasuwar.

Mafi sau da yawa batun jama'a monopolies - shi ne wani hadin gwiwa stock kamfanin, yawanci-mallakar jihar. Amma shi kuma iya zama wata kungiya a wadda jihar rabo ba a duk. Yawanci, irin kungiyoyin dole ne samu takardun shaida, lasisi da sauran takardun izni ga ayyuka da cewa fada karkashin manufar kenkenewa.

Mene ne bambanci na halitta kenkenewa?

Halitta kenkenewa aka kafa ta halitta don rage matakin na halin kaka, saboda haka, rage farashin kerarre dukiya ko sabis fassara. Domin tsabta, tunanin: idan kowane m ya so ya gina da kansa tashar jirgin da kuma Railway, shi zai zamar da shi zuwa hada a farashin kowane tikitin wadannan halin kaka, wanda zai haifar da wani gagarumin karuwa a cikin kudin na tafiya.

A jihar kenkenewa aka kafa ta samar da dacewa dokokin da dokokin tsarin, wanda ya kira irin wannan kasuwar, da hanyoyin da sunadaran da gudanar da ayyukan a kan shi, da kuma hanyoyin da iko.

Duk da cewa da kasuwar kwakwalwa gaba da cewa daya kawai sha'anin cewa samar da kaya a tambaya, na halitta da kuma jihar monopolies ne bambance-bambance da aka a cikin tsari na samuwar, hanyoyin da iko da kuma tsari.

Babu shakka duk monopolists ne batun da hankalin musamman hukumomin, wanda duba da hali a kasuwa, da inganci na kudin da kuma ingancin sabis da kuma dukiya.

Jihar tsari na halitta monopolies ne a cikin wadannan sakin layi:

1. Gane wadanda wuraren aiki inda akwai wani kenkenewa.

2. Duba, kwatanta, bincike da kuma amincewa da farashin kaya, da sabis na hanyar kenkenewa Enterprises.

3. A hali na larura - don canja aiki na dokoki, cinikayya ko tilasta canji a samfurin farashin.

Mene ne bambanci na halitta kenkenewa?

Idan muka kwatanta jihar tsari na halitta monopolies daga waɗannan lokuta inda kenkenewa ne jihar kansa, shi ne sau da yawa wani matsala tare da samuwan kasuwanci bayanai kan ayyukan da sha'anin.

Idan a cikin hali na da wata halitta kenkenewa mahaluži za ta samar da bayanai da kuma su samun kudin shiga, kudi, albashi da kuma sauran kudi gudana, da damar samun irin wannan bayanai daga kamfanoni da kusan babu jihar kenkenewa.

Kenkenewa kafa ta jihar ta wucin gadi wajen, aka dauke rufaffiyar saboda waje a ta, babu wanda zai iya shafar.

Mene ne iri daban-daban na jihar kenkenewa?

Yana iya zama doka da kuma inganci, kuma za a iya tsari na wucin gadi ga kudaden haram, kamar yadda evidenced yawa facts na tsananta tsohon jami'an gwamnati a wasu kasashe.

Duniya, an dauke shi barata a kenkenewa a kan rarraba magani kayayyakin dauke da narcotic abubuwa. Alal misali, a jihar kenkenewa a Rasha a rarraba wadannan abubuwa ne kawai tabbatar da hanyar don kare jama'a daga m cuta daga wadannan kudi. Me zai faru idan samun irin wadannan kayan da duk? Wane ne wanda zai hana kowa daga yi na narcotic kwayoyi kwayoyi? Ganin cewa a ko da idan akwai wani rufaffiyar kasuwar a kasar, akwai duhu tashoshi na isar da cinikayya, da fitarwa daga kwayoyi da istinbadi kasuwar za a tare da wani m karuwa a yawan miyagun ƙwayoyi addicts.

Sai dai itace cewa artificially takaita da yawan mahalarta a cikin wannan kasuwa, Rasha kulawa don cimma wata gwada da low matakin na yin amfani da daban-daban da kwayoyi don haram dalilai.

Jihar iko a wasu kasuwanni - aminci yanayin da kasar ta yawan

Irin wannan misalai zai zama jiha kenkenewa na waje cinikayya a makamai da sauran soja manufar na'urorin. Duniya yana da isasshen na m rikice-rikice biyu tsakanin kasashen da kuma a cikin su.

A wannan halin da ake ciki, shi zai zama bai dace ba kawai free cinikayya a makamai - shi zai iya rushe da tushe na tsaron kasa na kasashen.

Amma ba duk na jihar, da samar da wani m kenkenewa, suna a cikin mai kyau domin. Akwai misalai masu yawa na collusive jami'an halitta mai cartel ko syndicate ta hanyar abin da aka gudanar daban-daban kudi dabarunsa.

Yaya ta duba? Alal misali, wani rukuni na wakilai, mai wakiltar bukatun da babban kasuwanci, na iya rubuta da kuma wuce wata dokar da za haifar da psevdomonopolny kasuwar a cikin ni'imar da patrons. Saboda haka ya aikata da ya fi tsayi lokaci a kusa da Rasha Federation kasashen.

Kenkenewa - shi ne mai zama dole awo

Hakika, a cikin yanayi na m gasar, na cigaba a masana'antu, tsari kyautata, ingancin fitarwa girma saboda ƙananan kudin na samar da shi ne da yawa fiye da a kenkenewa, musamman jihar.

A wannan yanayin, jihar kenkenewa ne sau da yawa amfani da wani kayan aiki don kara da biyayya na 'yan siyasa. Alal misali, amfani da marar tushe raguwa a farashin kaya ko ayyuka. Idan wani karfi tsarin, shi zai iya canja wurin irin matakan ga wani lokaci.

A gaskiya, irin wannan fahimtar kasuwa ne ba daidai ba, domin shi take kaiwa zuwa asarar-yin Enterprises. A sakamakon, zai bukaci sabon injections daga kasafin kudin.

Alal misali, ka yi la'akari da kamfanoni da cewa aiki a cikin man da gas kansu. Wannan ga tattalin arziki, shi ne babban breadwinner na Rasha Federation. Mai, iskar gas - ne da albarkatun da Rasha SUPPLiES kasashen waje a manyan yawa. A kundin ne don haka babban abin da idan ba a tsaya, dã barazanar dakatar da yawa kasuwanci a duniya da cewa amfani da man fetur da kuma iskar gas a matsayin albarkatun kasa.

Duk da muhimmancin wannan tushen samun kudin shiga stimulates kasar don abin da shi wajibi ne ya dauki cikakken iko da duk abin da ya faru a cikin kasuwar. A duba ne daya daga cikin mallakar gwamnati da kamfanonin, ko kuma wani rukuni da cewa aiki a kan jiwuwa makirci, da yawa wuta fiye da mutane da dama na kasuwanci kungiyoyi. Bugu da ƙari, kasancewar kamfanoni a manyan lambobin ba zai kai ga wani ci gaba a cikin samfurin quality.

Daga wannan za mu iya cewa jihar kenkenewa a Rasha ne mai muhimmanci hanyar saka idanu, a Jihar muhimmanci sassa na tattalin arziki.