Radar "DTV" (radar)

A m da kera makamai masu hari sanya high bukatar a dabara da kuma fasaha halaye na wajen hana yiwu ta'adi. Radar "Daryal" (Radar) domin kusan biyu da suka gabata ya kasance wani muhimmin kashi na irin wannan tsarin.

a kan gab da

A shekarar 1960, a shirin na girke sabon intercontinental ballistic makamai masu linzami "Minuteman-1" da aka kaddamar a Amurka, m don fara 'yan seconds bayan karbar dace umurninSa. Canje-canjen dabara na wani yiwu World War III. babban rawa a da ake ji da hukunci duka yanzu mallakar ba soja dabarun jiragen sama da makami mai linzami dako. A cikin tsakiyar 60s Amurka da magabaci a seventeenfold mafi wajen isar da makaman nukiliya, wanda sanya shi yiwuwa a hallaka dukan nukiliya yuwuwar na Tarayyar Soviet daya gulp.

Domin gaba gargadi na game hari na Tarayyar Soviet a shekarar 1960 shi ya fara ƙirƙirar musamman gargadi tsarin (EWS).

tabbatacce shaida

Abin lura shi ne cewa wasu jami'an sojan ba zai iya zama Mafi sani game da muhimmancin da tsara tsarin, kiran a sharar gida na jama'a albarkatun ga kayan aiki da cewa ba sa lalacewar da abokan gaba da kuma jefa shi roka. A daya daga cikin muhimmanci da haɗuwa da Soja-Industrial Hukumar, a mayar da martani ga wani m bayani Academician, Laftana janar, Engineer A. N. Schukin nakalto Lines daga Pushkin ta "The Tale na Golden Cockerel" - wadanda inda "aminci tsaro vstrepenetsya, juya da kuma kururuwa. .. ". Literary misali a kan shakka da amsa bisa ga gwamnatin Order of 1962, ta kaddamar da aikin don ƙirƙirar wani hadadden na farkon ganewa na shigowa da makamai masu linzami. A ƙarni na farko radar "Dniester" da kuma modified version of shi, "Dnepr", a gaban kafa a cikin sabis, ba yanzu. Sun kasance bã su iya sarrafa ta a yuwuwar maƙiyi da makamai masu linzami da mahara warheads kananan size.

All-gani ido

A shekarar 1966, cikin Radio Engineering Institute, ya fara aiki a kan halittar fundamentally sabon radar tare da wata babbar damar radiation - radar "Daryal", da ikon gane wani abu da girman da kwallon kafa ball a nesa na 6 da dubu. Km. Cif zanen da aka nada Viktor Ivantsov. A farko gini radar "Daryal" ya kamata ya gina a kan harsashi-shugabanci. Bisa uku na duka samuwa a cikin Amurka arsenal na intercontinental makamai masu linzami da aka yi niyya ga babban birnin kasar na Tarayyar Soviet - Moscow - da kuma yankunan tsakiya na kasar, tare da wani jirgin hanya a kan Arewa iyakacin duniya. Na farko lissafin masana ya nuna cewa tashar dole ne a sanya kusa yadda ya kamata zuwa ga arewa (wajen a yankin na Franz Josef Land), amma a manyan sikelin-gine a cikin matsananci Arctic yanayi matsayi wani m kalubale. An yanke shawarar kafa wata shuka a ɓangaren duniya.

"Daryal" RLS. Komi ASSR

Domin da ya tura aka zaba yanki kusa da garin Pechora, kawai kilomita 200 daga Arctic Circle. Saboda babbar ikon amfani da kayan aiki, aikin ya fara lokaci guda tare da yi na Pechora GRES a shekara ta 1974. A RLS "Daryal" ne mai babbar kewayon kayan aiki, wanda ya kunshi fiye da 4 da dubu. Units lantarki rediyo kayan aiki. Tall gine-gine samun (100 m) da yada (40 m) na antennas ake spaced baya da wani nesa, saurare millimeter. Makamashi da kuma ruwa amfani da tashar kasance daidai da bukatun da tsakiyar birnin, da yawan dubu 100. Man. Pulse ikon radar "Daryal" ( "Pechora" - Pechora, bisa ga NATO rarrabuwa) a ganiya wuce 370 MW.

Domin sabis da kuma maye tubalan radioelementnyh phased tsararru eriya (PAR) a lokacin aiki na musamman robotic hadaddun da aka bayar. Dalili na sarrafa kwamfuta tashar tsarin ne microprocessor-tushen vector-layi daya kwamfuta iya samar da fiye da miliyan 5 ayyukan da na biyu.

Farko a cikin line na wajibi

Pechora radar "Daryal" a watan Janairu na shekarar 1984, nasarar shige jerin gwaje-gwaje, da aka saka a cikin sabis. Magina da aikin injiniya da ma'aikatan ya iya saduwa da deadlines, duk da wani yawa na halitta da kuma matsaloli na wani fasaha yanayi. Alal misali, ta hanyan zuba kafuwar slab ba zato ba tsammani ya buge frosts. Don hana kankare daga daskarewa taimake Rasha wit - na gida cakuda da aka warmed wayoyin da ake ji ƙarfin lantarki a gare su.

Wani gaggawa halin da ake ciki ya faru a lokacin da commissioning. Kama da wuta radiotransparent mafaka yada cibiyar. Saboda da rashin misali firefighting kayan aiki ƙone fiye da 80% na surface. Shirin yaqi duk yiwu reserves, a cikin watanni biyu na samar da shuka a Syzran haifar da wata sabuwar zane (don ƙirƙirar a al'ada mode na bukatar a kalla a shekara), kuma da zaran yiwu sakamakon wuta da aka shafe ta. Domin tunani: a cikin ra'ayi na aukuwa, murfin na ba-combustible abu da aka tsara don bi radar aikin.

A sarari sintiri

A farko daga cikin aikin, su yi cẽto a kan jijjiga radar "Daryal" ( "Pechora"). Hotuna yi ya ba da wani bayyananne ra'ayin da ikon yinsa, daga aikin yi. Kawai ya gina wani shida kama raka'a located a kan kewaye da kasa, rufe da wani yanki na impenetrable zobe na radar:

• "Gabala", Azerbaijani SSR.
• "Skrunda", Latvian SSR.
• "Coast", Mukachevo, Ukrainian SSR.
• "Balkhash", Kazakh SSR.
• "Mishelevka", Irkutsk yankin.
• "Yeniseysk", Krasnoyarsk Abuja.

Kumburi Pechora cikakken iko da dukkan arewacin shugabanci. Na biyu kuma na karshe, a aiwatar da sa a cikin aiki mataki na farko na aikin, shi ne tashar a Azerbaijan.

A matsara na kudancin kan iyakar

A yi na wani abu a kusa da kauyen. Kutkashen (bayan rushewar Tarayyar Soviet - Gabala) fara a Caucasian jamhuriyar a 1982. A ƙasa na aikin maida hankali ne akan fiye da 200 kadada. game da dubu 20. soja magina aka hannu. Kwanan cẽto radar "Daryal" ( "Gabala") a kan fama wajibi ne a dauke su a watan Fabrairu na shekarar 1985, ko da yake da cikakken yi aiki da aka kammala a kawai bayan shekaru uku. Babban tsarin bambance-bambance Gabala taro - da rashin kwamfuta tsarin. A data samu lura watsa shirye-shirye bayanai cibiyoyin "dinghy" da "Square", dake a cikin unguwannin bayan gari.

A tashar ne gaba daya sarrafawa kudancin dabarun shugabanci, rufe ƙasar Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Arewacin Afrika, Pakistan da India, mafi yawan Indian Ocean, ciki har da tekun na Australia. Gabala radar tashar ya tabbatar da fasaha kyau a lokacin da Iran-Iraq rikici yadda ya kamata rikodin dukan mayaƙa farawa Iraqi da makamai masu linzami "Scud" (139 inji mai kwakwalwa.) Kuma a lokacin "Operation Desert Storm" (302 farawa).

Bayan rushewar tarayyar Soviet kammala yarjejeniya tsakanin gwamnatocin kasashen Rasha da Azerbaijan zai ba da damar da shafin zuwa kudu na Caucasus dutsen iyaka a kai a kai kawo aiki sabis har zuwa 2012, lokacin da tashar da aka samu daga Rasha farkon gargadi tsarin.

Nuna a Skrunda

A cikin tsakiyar 80-ies karni na karshe, 4 km daga garin Skrunda (Latvian SSR), kusa da "Dnepr" data kasance radar (abu "Skrunda-1"), da gina wani "Daryal" irin zane. Bayan da erection na karɓa a eriya kuma da isar da kayan aiki (1990), da aka zaci cewa mataki na farko na "Dnepr" radar Za a yi amfani a matsayin watsawa. Amma bayan samun 'yancin kai, da Baltic jamhuriyoyin, Latvia zama dũkiyar abu. A kokarin da Rasha gefe don adana da radar tabbatacce sakamakon ba bada, kuma a shekarar 1994 sojojin Rasha bar tashar.

A shekara daga baya, da mai karɓa eriya da aka halaka ta mambobi ne na American kamfanin. Harkokin waje masana sun nuna Latvians real show. Kafin fashewa, da suka sanya a kan dukan tsawo na ginin m wasan wuta, da kuma bayan triggering na babban cajin tsarin rushe, ya jefa kansa a giant.

Asirin Krasnoyarsk radar

A tabbacin tsohon magina da kuma ma'aikata na kumburi "yeniseysk-15", da tashar da damar radiation, da samar da makamashi na wanda zai iya lalata lantarki na wani ballistic harsashi kewayawa tsarin. Saboda haka, ko da shi ne a yanzu unrecognizable. A cikin ni'imar da tsohon m abokin gaba, da kuma a cikin farkon 90s zuwa dabarun abokin - Amurka, kusan a shirye don rubuta radar "Daryal" da aka dismantled. The m dalilin shi ne cewa da jeri na tashar, shi ne saba wa tanade-tanaden da ABM yarjejeniyar.

Halakar birnin-kafa sha'anin juya a cikin wani agaji bala'i da kyauyen yeniseysk-15. Fiye da dubu mutane suka rasa aikinsu da kuma rayuwar zahiri watsi da jihar kokarinsu na samun kariya domin kansu. Zai yiwu a nan gaba zuriyarka za ta sami amsar wannan tambaya da wanda ya hana Krasnoyarsk radar tashar "Daryal". Photos of ragowar grandiose gine-gine a cikin zuciya na Siberian taiga ne mai kyau zargi daftarin aiki.

Irkutsk, Rasha, Kazakhstan, Ukraine

A tashar a Irkutsk yankin da aka sa a cikin aiki, a 1992, amma bayan shekaru biyu da makaman mothballed. Tun 1999, naúrar amfani da farar hula hukumomin nazarin babba yanayi. Shida da suka wuce, da yi da aka dismantled, yantar up sarari domin gina na gaba ƙarni na radar.

"Daryal" kusa da garin Balkhash a gabashin Kazakhstan a 2002 aka mika wa hukumomin na wani sarki jihar. a sakamakon wata babbar wuta bayan shekaru biyu, da gina one ta sarai, sa'an nan ragowar tsarin abubuwa da kuma kayan aiki da aka sace. A karshe, cikin ginin ya rushe a shekarar 2010.

Abubuwan a kan Cape Chersonese, Sevastopol da Mukachevo kusa (Western Ukraine) watsi ba a kare ba, kuma a cikin 2000s aka dismantled.

Rasha nukiliya garkuwa

A sakamakon gibba a cikin makami mai linzami tsaron Rasha kamata gaba daya kawar da gargadin da na sabon ƙarni kan radar type "Voronezh" factory-harhada. Lokaci da kuma albarkatun da za a gina wadannan aka gyara rage muhimmanci, idan aka kwatanta da "Daryalami" cewa ya yarda a cikin wannan ƙarnin a saka a cikin aiki bakwai irin tashoshin. Facilities suna batutuwa a cikin makami mai linzami tsaron gida tsarin (NMD), kuma su ayyuka sun hada da ba wai kawai da ganewa na hari, amma kuma tracking da niyya.

Bugu da kari, a matsayin madadin, idan akwai gazawar da babban tashoshin, halitta a mini-radar tsarin. Wannan kayan aiki shi ne sauƙin ɓadda a matsayin sauki shipping akwati da za a iya located a ko'ina. hadaddun aiki ne gaba daya m, kuma atomatik.