Piranha kifi: description da kuma hotuna

Piranhas - dodanni daga tsoro fina-finai da kuma ban tsoro labaru, kananan amma mashaya jini mazaunan Amazon ruwa da kuma sauran koguna a kudancin Amirka (Colombia, da Venezuela, Paraguay, Brazil, Argentina). Kuma abin da muka sani game da su? Zai yiwu kome. Bayan duk, ilimi iyakance zuwa daya kawai jinsin - ja-bellied piranha, wanda ya aikata wani sharri sunan.

Yana kama piranha kifi?

Piranha iyali yana da kadan fiye da 60 jinsunan kifaye. Kuma, Oddly isa, mafi yawansu ba su - da herbivores, su kusan ba ci dabba abinci. Girma ya dogara ne a kan nau'in piranhas, carnivorous kullum isa 30 cm, kuma su dangi-cin ganyayyaki zai iya samun gagarumin nauyi da kuma girma fiye da daya mita a tsawon. Canza launi ne kuma dogara a kan irin, amma mafi yawa na azurfa-m, amma tare da shekaru, ya zama duhu. A jikin siffar da rhomboid kuma high, laterally matsa. Babban abinci ga yara - wani iri-iri na ruwa tare kifi, piranhas iya ci da kuma dabbobi ko tsuntsaye, wadda ake samu a hanya. Domin herbivores jinsunan Amazon da aikin gandu fifita daban-daban ciyayi, ba ji ƙyama wadannan kifaye da kuma kwayoyi, tsaba, fada cikin ruwa.

muƙamuƙi tsarin

Don piranha ne halin mai ban mamaki tsarin da muƙamuƙi na'ura, watakila irinta a yanayi. An bayar ga duk mafi kyau bayani. Hakora da ciwon triangular siffar da kuma size na 4-5 mm farantin karfe kuma kaifi kamar reza ruwa, dan kadan lankwasa ciki. Wannan damar da su zuwa saukin yanka ta hanyar naman aka azabtar, tearing kashe guda nama. Bugu da ƙari, manya da ƙananan hakora daidai shigar da sinus a lokacin rufe da muƙamuƙanka, da samar da wani karfi matsa lamba. Wannan yanayin ba da piranha cizo kashi. Lokacin da rufe da jaws an rufe kamar tarko. A cewar 'yan bincike da masana kimiyya, da cizo karfi na 320 Newtons, kuma yana da ba a layi daya a cikin dabba duniya. Piranha jaws matsa ta hanyar da cizo, game da 30 sau da nauyi.

Sanaki piranhas?

Shi ne mazaunan ruwa tare a kudancin Amirka. Amazon fi mai da hankali a karo na biyar na sabo ruwa, kogin yana cike da daban-daban kifi. Piranhas zauna dukan tsawon kogin, kuma suna da batun da yawa Legends da labaru na gida mazauna. A floodplain na kogin ya mamaye sararin ƙasa, wani babban bangare nasa ne Brazil, amma wanin wannan, Ekwado, Colombia, Bolivia da kuma Peru. Piranhas jin lafiya da kuma cikin wasu koguna, areolas su habitats a cikin ƙasa na Kudu Amurka nahiyar ne manya-manyan.

Kwanan nan, shi ya zama Popular kifi a gida kiyaye da kiwo. Piranha a cikin akwatin kifaye girma kasa da size da cewa shi ne hali na ta halitta kewaye, da kuma wasu rasa su mutunci. Abin mamaki, tare da irin wannan barazana bayyanar, su ne a cikin rufaffiyar sarari m kuma sau da yawa a ɓõye, a wucin gadi mafaka.

All kifi piranhas suna da ha a daya iyali da kuma ya kasu bisa ga Zoological rarrabuwa cikin uku subfamilies.

subfamily na myelin

Myelin - mafi girma a kungiyar, ya qunshi bakwai danginsu da kuma 32 jinsunan. Shi ne herbivorous da cikakken m piranhas (ga photo). Kifi feed shuka abinci. Canza launi da aka bambanta, dangane da nau'in. jiki siffar halayyar, laterally matsa da kuma high. A matasa mutane saka launi na azurfa-karfe, da sãɓãwar launukansa digiri na mottling cewa tare da ci gaban da duhu cakulan zuwa launin toka. Girma dabam Range daga 10 zuwa 20 santimita. Mutane da yawa membobin wannan subfamily suna bred a aquariums. Suna bukatar a manyan girma na ruwa da kuma isasshen wuri domin boye, kamar yadda shi ne quite m kifi. Tankin kifi na piranha subfamily myelin zai ji da kyau a lõkacin da ruwa da zazzabi 23-28 digiri, kuma kullum rage cin abinci ya kamata hada da latas, kabeji, alayyafo, Peas da sauran kayan lambu. Wasu jinsunan a cikin daji ci ko da kwayoyi, sauƙi tsagawa da iko muƙamuƙi m harsashi.

Black pacu - da haske wakilin myelin

Black pacu (ko Amazon shirokotel), cikin shahararrun wakilin subfamily na myelin. Bugu da kari, kuma mafi girma a: da girma bambanta daga 30 santimita zuwa daya mita da kuma more, domin dukan abin da ya ba predator. Coloring manya quite fadin, ruwan kasa-kasa-kasa, amma matasa yana da wani azurfa launi tare da kuri'a da aibobi a duk faɗin jikina da kuma m fins. Nama Black puck yana da kyau dandano da ake amfani da gida mazaunan. Wannan piranha kama kifi. Tankin kifi yanayin da suka ma, su ne quite dace, amma girman kifi zai kasance dan kadan kasa da a cikin yanayi, wani talakawan na game da 30 santimita, rai span - a cikin shekaru 10 ko haka. Da abun ciki na da irin wannan bukatar a manyan tank (200 lita) da kuma kyau kula.

subfamily Katoprioniny

Wannan subfamily aka wakilta daya kawai jinsin - a piranha flag. Kifi ne quite m, kuma suna poluparazitichesky hanyar rayuwa, su main abinci - shi Sikeli na sauran kifi, ko da yake cikin irin wadannan ruwa ma'abũta ne quite ominous, kuma ba su da na baya zuwa tsanani daga su carnivorous takwarorinsu. Form flag piranhas lu'u-lu'u-dimbin yawa, flattened laterally. Launi Sikeli - launin toka-kore tare da wata silvery Sheen. A rarrabe ne kasancewar wani ja tabo a kan gill inuwõyi. A karshe haskoki a cikin tsuliya da dorsal fins suna sosai elongated, yayin da wutsiya - tushen na baki launi. Masu girma dabam ne kananan, kawai 10-15 cm.

Wannan kifi, kamar piranha kowa da shi ne ta kusa dangi, yafi rage cin abinci (60%) na da shuka abinci, da kuma kawai 40% ne kananan kifi. Amma ci gaba da shi har yanzu ya zama ware daga sauran kifi, ko kadan da za a ci, da babbar hadarin ana bar tare lalace ƙege da kuma jera ba tare da ma'auni. Kamar yadda wani abincin dabbobi za a iya amfani da kananan jatan lande ko kifi, earthworm, da kuma shuka - da ganyen alayyafo, latas, nettles da kuma sauran ganye.

subfamily Serrasalminy

Waɗannan su ne mafi m da yara, subfamily aka wakilta daya kawai HALITTAR da 25 jinsin. Su duk ciyar a kan dabba abinci: kifi, dabbobi, da tsuntsaye. Piranha subfamily Serrasalmina size iya isa har zuwa 80 cm, kai wani nauyi na 1 kg. Wannan shi ne hakikanin barazana ga dabbobi (ba a ma maganar da kifi), wanda a size iya wuce su sau da yawa, amma wannan ba ya dakatar da piranha. View daga kananan yara da gaske m: ƙananan muƙamuƙi da yawa protrudes gaba da kuma dan kadan lankwasa zuwa sama, idanu bulging, taso keya halayyar lebur siffar jiki. Ruwaye sun fi son su ci gaba da garkunan tumaki, amma kai hari a kan wanda aka azabtar yi da kansa daga juna, don haka ba za ka iya ce cewa wannan jituwa tsakanin kungiyar da kifi. Piranhas amsa kiran da motsi a cikin ruwa, shi janyo hankalin su da hankali. A lokacin da daya daga cikinsu shi ne wanda aka azabtar, wurin nan take garken zuwa sauran. Haka kuma, shi ne ya yi ĩmãni Dabbobi cewa piranhas nuna sauti, game da shi, yada bayanai da juna. A garken piranhas iya for 'yan mintoci bar dabba kadai kashi.

Bayani game da gaskiyar cewa suna iya ji da jini a nesa daga wanda aka azabtar, - gaskiya. Piranha kifi rayuwa a cikin narkakken ruwan Amazon, kuma shi ne na halitta abin da suka yi daidaita da yanayi na matalauta Ganuwar a sakamakon - rijiya-raya ji na wari. Piranhas gaske fa, tã jini, shi ne wata alama game da bayyanar da azabtar.

Bugu da kari, ba su yi ƙyãmar mũshe da har ma da rashin lafiya ko rauni, 'yan'uwa. Ga dabbobi da mutane wakiltar Hatsarin na kawai 'yan jinsin.

ja-bellied piranha

Mafi shahara wakilin, a kusa da wanda ba su gushe ba magana - wannan ja-bellied piranha. A tsawon mutum na wannan nau'in iya isa har zuwa 30 santimita, amma mafi yawa su ne size wani mutum dabino. Talakawa piranha (photo kifi a kasa) da greenish-azurfa launi tare da wani jam'i na duhu spots a duk faɗin jiki, a ciki na da Sikeli yana da halayyar da ruwan hoda tinge. Suna zaune a tumaki na game da wani mutum ɗari mutane.

'Yan shekarun nan da kuma gida abinda ke ciki ne Popular ja-bellied piranha. Tankin kifi yanayin da taimako zuwa ga weakening na mutunci. Amma akwatin kifaye har yanzu bukatar a raba.

baki piranha

Wannan shi ne wani view daga subfamily Serrasalminy, sosai na kowa a cikin yanayi da kuma rare a cikin gida kiwo. Mazauninsu - da kogin Amazon da Orinoco. A jikin siffar da rhomboid, da kuma launi ne duhu, baki da kuma azurfa. The matasa kifi ciki ne rawaya. Black piranha - omnivorous predator a cikin abinci na duk mai kyau: kifi, arthropod, bazata fadi a cikin ruwa na tsuntsu, ko dabba. Wannan promiscuity a abinci da kuma haifar da su gwada da high yawa a cikin Amazon ruwaye. Ko da yake m duba baya zuwa wannan ja-bellied piranha. Tankin kifi ga wani kifi yana bukatar manyan, fiye da 300 lita. A ganewar da yake a cikin namo m piranha a dangane da juna. Sake bugun ne yiwu idan akwatin kifaye na iyali ci dama, domin da yawan dabbobi abinci su ne obese, wanda zai iya zama wani gagarumin Shingen zuwa fitowan da zuriya. A cikin hoto - da baki piranha.

Tarihin Daya: piranha hari mutum

Hukunci a wannan uniquely wuya, saboda data ne quite sabanin. Mutane da yawa da masana kimiyya da Dabbobi, da suka ɓatar na dũkiya da Amazon fiye da shekara guda, ba halarta da kai hare-hare, a Bugu da kari, su da kansu, su fallasa kansu ga hadari saboda na gwaji, wanka a cikin narkakken ruwan kogin, inda for 'yan mintoci kafin kamawa piranhas, amma hare-haren sun ba bi.

Na dogon lokaci a ji shi ne labarin game da bas tare da yan unguwa, wanda ya ja kashe daya daga cikin aikin gandu na Amazon, da kuma duk fasinjojin da aka zahiri cinye ta piranhas. Tarihi hakika ya faru a cikin 70s na karshe karni, da fasinjoji 39 ne aka kashe, amma daya gudanar ya tsere. Kamar yadda shaidun gani da ido, wadanda 'jikin da aka lalle ne, haƙĩƙa mai tsanani lalace piranhas. Amma ya yi hukunci ko shi da wani hari da kuma ko da shi ne a dalilin mutuwar, shi ne ba zai yiwu.

Akwai abin dogara kafofin na kwari a kan rairayin bakin teku na Argentina a lokacin da harin farko da kifi. Amma wadannan da aka ware lokuta. Dabbobi bayyana wannan da cewa da piranha, wanda spawn kawai fara a tsawo na rairayin bakin teku kakar, gina sheƙarsu a cikin kududdufi ruwa. Saboda haka, irin wannan hali na kifi ne quite halitta: su kare su matasa.

Bugu da kari, da piranhas ne mai hatsari ga mutane da dabbobi a sau na fari, a lõkacin da ruwa matakin a cikin koguna ne a da m, wanda rinjayar su rage cin abinci: cin zama kasa. The yan unguwa san wannan, kuma kada ku shiga kogin a wannan lokaci. A safest ne dauke da damana, a lokacin da sunã zubar da kogin.

Tarihin biyu: piranha hari a fakitoci

Stories game da mummunan harin da dukan sa na shirya, shi ke duka warmed up yawa alama fina-finan. A gaskiya ma, manyan mutane da kada ku yi ɓarnã a cikin search na ganima a cikin kogi, suna tsaye a wuri guda, yawanci a cikin kududdufi ruwa. Kifi jira don ya ganima, kuma da zaran aka azabtar ya bayyana, piranha aka aika zuwa da hakkin wuri. Janyo hankalin da amo da wari da jini, to rush da sauransu. Piranhas ake yi falala a kansu ba farautar ganima da tsaro daga maƙiyi - kamar yadda masana kimiyya da dama suka yi ĩmãni. Zai ze cewa wani na iya cutar da su? Duk da haka, abokan gaba yana da ko da wani predatory kifi. Piranha, tara a garkuna, kare ta kogin dabbobin ruwa, wanda ciyar a kan su, kuma su ne m da quite m ga mutane. Bugu da ƙari kuma, a cikin halitta makiya na piranha - arapaima da caimans. A farko - wata babbar kifi, wanda aka dauke kusan a rayuwa m. Tare da ban mamaki, m-taƙawa Sikeli, shi wakiltar wani real barazana ga piranhas. Kifi, abin da ke faruwa singly, nan take ya zama wanda aka azabtar da arapaima. Caiman - a kananan detachment na wakilan crocodiles. Dabbobi sun lura cewa, da zaran rage yawan caimans, nan da nan qara yawan piranhas a cikin kogin.

Tarihin Uku: piranhas bayyana a Rasha ruwa

Al'amarin ya faru ne a zahiri ya zama, amma shi ne sakamakon m hali ko masoya na akwatin kifaye kifi, ko dai da gangan gudu zuwa cikin kandami. A cikin wani hali, damuwa banza. Ko da yake piranhas kuma daidai daidaita da kowane yanayi, da babban factor na nasara zama kasance iri guda - dumi sauyin yanayi da kuma ruwa (tsakanin 24-27 digiri), wanda a cikin kasar ne ba zai yiwu ba.

Hakika, wannan predatory kifi. Piranhas ne m da sosai m, amma har yanzu labaru game da su ma sau da yawa share a kan da nisa-debo. A 'yan asalin yawan na nahiyar Amirka ya koya wa cu] anya da piranhas kuma ko da sanya su a manufa jinsunan. Nature bai halitta wani abu mara amfani: idan Wolves - shi orderlies gandun daji, da piranhas yin irin wannan ayyuka a jikin ruwa.