Paramecium caudatum: tsarin da kuma hanyoyin da kiwo

Paramecium caudatum - fairly na kowa jinsunan cewa ya kasance a cikin kungiyar na sauki kwayoyin. Yana zaune a sabo ruwa gawarwakin tsaye tare da wani isasshen adadin kwayoyin kayan, wanda kuma ciyarwa. Af, tsarin ciliate-takalma an dauki mafi wuya wannan rukuni na kwayoyin.

Janar halaye

Paramecium caudatum - unicellular kwayoyin wanda siffar zahiri kama tafin takalma da kuma kiyaye shi saboda da m m Layer na cytoplasm. All dabba jikinsu ta rufe wata babbar lamba na cilia, wanda aka shirya a tsaye layuka. Su main aiki - motsi.

Ƙaura Paramecium caudatum m karshen farko. Cilia motsa tare da kadan bata lokaci zumunta da juna. Lokacin da motsi jiki ma rotates a kusa da axis.

Dake tsakanin abin da ake kira cilia trichocysts - kananan dogara sanda-dimbin yawa da wasu gabbansa, wanda tsayar da aiki na kariya. Kowane trichocysts ƙunshi jiki da kuma wani tip wanda a gaban wata kara kuzari (karo, dumama, sanyaya) sharply kora.

Paramecium caudatum: tsarin

The girma na jiki - shi endoplasma, ko ruwa rabo daga cytoplasm. Ectoplasm ne mafi cancanta ga cytoplasmic membrane yana da wani m irin zane da kuma Forms pellicle.

Narkewa. Paramecium caudatum ci kwayoyin, kuma yana da wajen peculiar salula narkewa kamar tsarin. Kusa da ƙarshen gaban na jiki ne perioral mazurari, wanda ciki surface an rufe tare da cilia hadadden tsarin. Movement of cilia haifar da kwarara, da wanda ake sucked da kwayoyin. Bugu da ari gina jiki barbashi fada cikin makogwaro, wanda kuma Shots cilia, kuma amma sai - a cikin bakinka. By endocytosis gina jiki samu shiga cikin narkewa kamar vacuole. Da ya rage daga cikin fitarwa ta hanyar wani takamaiman organelle - poroshitsu.

A kayyade abu. Paramecium caudatum yana da biyu tsakiya - manyan (macronucleus) da kuma kananan (micronucleus). Micronucleus yana dauke da cikakken sa na kwayoyin bayanai da kuma dauki bangare a cikin jima'i haifuwa da kwayoyin. Macronucleus alhakin kira na gina jiki mahadi.

Kadaici da kuma numfashi. Paramecium caudatum iya zama ko da a sosai low oxygen yawa a cikin ruwa. Tunawa oxygen dukan surface.

Kamar yadda aka ambata riga, da saukin zaune a cikin sabo ruwa da kuma saboda maida hankali da bambance-bambance da ya bukatar osmoregulation tsarin. Ciliate contractile vacuole yana da biyu - gaba da raya, kowanne daga wanda aka branched tubules tsarin. wuce haddi da ruwa da kuma na biyu na rayuwa kayayyakin an tattara, da kuma nuna a cikin tubules na vacuoles a cikin yanayi. Duka da wasu gabbansa suna rage a tarnaƙi, sau daya a kowace 15-20 seconds.

Sake bugun ciliate-takalma

Domin wannan gabar ne halin a matsayin jima'i da kuma sake yiwuwar tohowarsu.

Sake yiwuwar tohowarsu, yana da za'ayi giciye cell division cikin biyu daidai sassa. A wannan yanayin, jiki na kula da wani aiki jihar. Wannan ne bi da wajen hadaddun farfadowa tsari, a lokacin da kowane sashi na jiki kammala dole wasu gabbansa.

Jima'i aiki tsakanin mutane biyu (Madĩna) da Tasrifu. Ciliates dan lokaci tsaya tare, da kuma asali gada na cytoplasm aka kafa tsakanin su saman. Macronuclear biyu kwayoyin hallaka, da kuma kananan tsakiya rarrabu da meiosis.

Field da zuciyar da aka kafa tare da hudu haploid sa na chromosomes. Bugu da ari, uku daga cikinsu aka kashe, da kuma sauran rabo da mitosis, forming biyu protonukleusa - namiji da mace. Kwayoyin musayar "namiji" protonukleusami. Sa'an nan Fusion faruwa a kowane daga cikin biyu nuclei, da kuma samuwar sinkariaona. Sa'an nan ya wuce mitosis, bayan da daya daga cikin kafa nuclei zama macronucleus, da kuma na biyu - micronucleus.