Panzer Division. Panzer Division da kuma Tarayyar Soviet

A cikin shekarun da suka gabata postwar na Soviet cinema ya halitta mai yawa na fina-finai a kan abubuwan da suka faru na Great Patriotic War. Mafi yawansu ba su ko ta wani hanya shãfe a kan batun da bala'i na lokacin zafi na 1941. Aukuwa a wadda kananan kungiyoyin na Red Army sojoji, dauke da makamai a bindiga a kan 'yan mutane, suka bayyana a m menacing Hulk na (su irin rawa kwasfa da plywood T-54 ko wasu zamani inji), ya gana a cikin fina-finai sau da yawa sosai. Ba tare da tambayar da mazakuta na Red Army, crushing Hitler ta yaki na'ura, daraja da nazarin wasu ilimin kididdiga dennye m da zamani karatu wanda shi ne sha'awar a tarihi. Isar da shi a gwada yau da kullum tsarin wani tanki rabo na Soviet Army da Wehrmacht, don tabbatar da cewa farkisanci soja ikon da artists na azurfa duduba 'yan karin gishiri. Tare da mu m inganci da can ya kasance a gwada yawa amfani, musamman bayyanannu a cikin biyu da rabi na yaki.

Tambayoyi da za a amsa

Panzer Division nemi Moscow, gudanar da sanannen Panfilov ko babu daya shahara kamfanin, da kuma wani lokacin rabuwa. Me ya faru haka da cewa kasar, wadda aka gudanar masana'antu, mahaukaci cyclopean masana'antu da tsaro m, rasa for farko watanni shida na yaki a babban ɓangare na da karkararta, da miliyoyin jama'a, kama, mutilated da matattu? Zai yiwu Jamus da wasu girma tankuna? Ko kungiya tsarin mechanized soja raka'a ta zarce cikin Soviet? Wannan tambaya damuwa ga 'yan'uwanmu' yan ƙasa da uku post-yaki da al'ummomi. A wannan farkisanci Jamus tank division daban-daban ne da namu?

A tsarin Soviet sulke sojojin a 1939-1940.

Har Yuni 1939, da Red Army da hudu tank kungiyar soja. Bayan da mataimakin jama'ar kasar Commissar tsaron E. A. Kulik jagoranci hukumar duba cikin ayyukan da General Staff, ya fara reorganization na tsarin na biyayya da irin sojojin. A dalilan canji kunshin tsarin za a iya gane, amma sakamakon da aka halittar 42 na tank crews, mahaukaci da bi, m guda na kayan aiki. Mafi m, da manufar gyara aikinsa, ya zama zai yiwu aiwatar da wani updated soja rukunan, ya tanadar dauke da fitar zurfi iya shiga dabarun m ayyukan. Duk da haka, riga ta karshen shekara a kan kai tsaye umarni I. V. Stalina, wannan ra'ayi da aka bita. Maimakon brigades aka kafa ba a baya sulke da kuma mechanized kungiyar soja. Bayan wata shida, a cikin watan Yuni 1940, yawan ya kai tara. A tsarin da kowane daga cikin zaban ma'aikata bayanai 2 da tank 1 Motorized Division. Tanki, bi da bi, sun kunshi na regiments, motorized dakaru, manyan bindigogi da kuma biyu tank kai tsaye. Saboda haka, Mechanized Corps zama wani karaya da karfi. Ya na da wani sulke dunkulallen hannu (fiye da dubu menacing inji) da kuma iko mai girma da manyan bindigogi da kuma dakaru goyon bayan da suke bukata kayayyakin more rayuwa, da tabbatar da m aiki na wata katuwar inji.

prewar da tsare-tsaren

Soviet tank rabo daga cikin prewar lokacin da aka dauke da makamai 375 inji. A sauki halitta wannan adadi ta hanyar 9 (yawan mechanized kungiyar soja) bi ta 2 (adadin rarrabu a cikin casing) ya ba da sakamakon - 6750 sulke da motocin. Amma dai ba duka. A wannan 1940 biyu raba ƙungiyoyin da aka kafa, kuma tanki. Sa'an nan events suka fara samar da rinjãya impetuosity. Daidai hudu watanni kafin harin da Nazi Jamus, da Red Army Janar Staff yanke shawarar kafa biyu mafi dubun mechanized kungiyar soja. A shirin ne don aiwatar da cikakken Soviet umurnin basu da lokaci, amma tsari ya fara. Wannan ne evidenced da lambar 17 na jiki, samu a 1943 da lambar 4. The tank Kantemirovskaya Division zama magaji na soja daukaka na wannan babban soja naúrar nan da nan bayan nasarar.

A gaskiya na Stalin ta da tsare-tsaren

29 mechanized kungiyar soja na Ƙungiyarku biyu, da biyu mafi mutum. Total 61. A kowane daga cikin zaban ma'aikata na 375 raka'a, kawai 28 dubu 375 tankuna. Wannan shirin. Kuma a gaskiya? Zai yiwu wadannan alkaluma suna kawai ga takarda da Stalin kawai so ya kalle su, da kuma sanannen bututu shan taba?

Kamar yadda na Fabrairu 1941, da Red Army na tara mechanized kungiyar soja da kusan 14,690 tanki. A 1941, da Soviet tsaro masana'antu samar 6590 motoci. A hade da wadannan Figures, ba shakka, kasa da ake bukata 29 ga gine-gine (da cewa 61 Panzer Division) 28 375 raka'a, amma general Trend ya nuna cewa shirin da aka kullum da za'ayi. The yaki ya fara, da kuma ma'ana, ba duk tarakta shuke-shuke iya tsayayya da cikakken yi. Bukatar lokaci da za su gudanar na gaggawa kõrar ba, amma Birnin Leningrad, "Kirovets" in general kasance a cikin wani kawancen. Kuma har yanzu ya ci gaba da aiki. Wani tarakta-gashi giant, HTZ, aka shagaltar da ta Nazis a Kharkov.

Jamus kafin yaki

Panzerwaffe sojojin a lokacin da mamayewa na Tarayyar Soviet mallaki tankuna a cikin adadin 5639 guda. Tã ya ba daga gare su, T-I, hada a cikin wannan lamba (akwai 877), za a iya dangana mafi zuwa tančík. Tun da Jamus take a yaki a kan wasu fronts, da kuma Hitler so a tabbatar da kasancewar sojojinta a Yammacin Turai da Tarayyar Soviet, ya aika ba duk da kayan yaƙinsa, amma mafi yawan shi, game da 3330 da inji a yawa. Baya daga waccan mujalla da muka TI Nazis sun Czech tankuna (772 inji mai kwakwalwa.) Tare da musamman low fama halaye. Duk da kayan aiki da yaki da aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga sabuwar hudu tank kungiyoyin. Wannan makirci na kungiyar tabbatar da kanta a lokacin ta'adi a Turai, amma a cikin Tarayyar Soviet tabbatar da m. Maimakon haka, kungiyoyin na Jamusawa da aka zarar ya shirya sojojin, kowanne daga abin da aka 2-3 jiki. Wehrmacht tank ƙungiyoyin da aka dauke da makamai a 1941, kimanin 160 sulke da motocin. Ya kamata a lura da cewa kafin kai wannan harin a kan Tarayyar Soviet, da yawan ya ninka, ba tare da kara jimlar rundunar motoci, wanda ya jagoranci wani karu a abun da ke ciki na kowane daga cikinsu.

1942. Pantsergrenaderskie regiments na tank ƙungiyoyin

Idan a watan Yuni da watan Satumba 1941, rundunar Jamus da sauri ci gaba zurfi a cikin Soviet ƙasa, da kaka m ragae. Harufan nasara, nuna a cikin yanayi protruding sassan na kan iyaka, wanda ya zama daga Yuni 22 zuwa gaba, da halaka da kuma fadawar babbar hannun jari na Red Army, da kama na da babban yawan masu sana'a sojoji da shugabannin, ya fara ƙarshe yanã gudãna daga su m. By 1942, yawan ma'aikatan motoci aka kawo ɗari biyu, amma saboda nauyi asarar da shi ba zai iya kula da kowane division. Tank armada Wehrmacht rasa fiye da ta iya samun matsayin ƙara. Shelves fara sake suna pantsergrenaderskie (sũ, sun kasance kullum biyu), wanda sun fi mayar da gani da abun da ke ciki. Dakaru bangaren fara mamaye.

1943, Tsarin gyara

Saboda haka, Jamus division (tank) a 1943 kunshi biyu regiments pantsergrenaderskih. Yana da aka zaci cewa, a kowane bataliya ya zama biyar kamfanonin (4 bindiga da sapper 1), amma a yi bi da ta hudu. By rani da halin da ake ciki ya tsananta, dukan tanki rajimanti dake a cikin division (daya) ya sau da yawa na daya bataliya Pz Kpfw IV tankuna, ko da wannan lokaci a cikin sabis akwai "damisa» Pz Kpfw V, wanda zai iya riga da ake danganta su aji na matsakaici tankuna. A sabon dabara da sauri zo zuwa gaban daga Jamus neobkatannoy sau da yawa ta kasa. Wannan ya faru a tsakiyar shirye-shirye domin "Operation kagara", wato, sanannen Battle of Kursk. 4. Tank Division ya kasance kamar na asali dabara naúrar ya daban-daban gwada yawa fasaha abun ciki, daga 149 zuwa 200 da motoci a shekarar 1944, da Jamus a kan Eastern Front tank sojojin. A cikin wannan shekara da tank sojojin zahiri daina zama, kuma suka shiga sunã sake shirya zanen al'ada.

SS rarrabuwa da kuma raba battalions

Sake Kama da reorganization cewa ya faru a Panzerwaffe aka tilasta. Abu sau da yawa fama da fama da asarar, ya rurrushe, da kuma masana'antu na uku Reich, ya kasance yana isar rashin albarkatun, ba ni da lokaci don yin up for ƙi. Da nauyi kayan aiki na sabon iri (ACS-mayakan "jagdpanther", "jagdtiger" "Ferdinand" da kuma tank "Sarki Tiger") ta samar da musamman battalions, su wani bangare ne na tank kashi kashi, kamar yadda mai mulkin, bai zo. Rikirkida halartar kusan babu SS Panzer Division, dauke su Elite. Akwai bakwai:

• "Adolf Gitler» (№ 1).
• "Das Reich» (№ 2).
• "Matattu shugaban» (№ 3).
• "Viking» (№ 5).
• "Gogenstaufen» (№ 9).
• "Frundsberg» (№ 10).
• "Hitleryugend» (№ 12).

Mutane daya-daya da kuma battalions SS Panzer Division amfani da Jamusanci Janar Staff kamar yadda na musamman reserves kasaftawa ga mafi hatsari sassan na gaba biyu, a gẽfen gabas da yamma.

Soviet tank ƙungiyoyin

The yaki karni na ashirin da aka halin adawa hanya sansanonin. Duk da ban sha'awa nasarar da Wehrmacht a 1941-1942, Jamus soja masana a cikin watanni uku bayan kai harin a kan Tarayyar Soviet ga mafi part fahimci cewa nasara ne ba zai yiwu, da kuma fatan ta a banza. Blitzkrieg a cikin Tarayyar Soviet ba load. Industries, wanda ya halartar babban-sikelin fitarwa, aiki a cike da iko, da samar da kuri'a na gaban fama high quality art. Dole don rage yau da kullum tsarin yana bukatar Soviet sojojin mahadi ba.

Guards Tank Division (da kuma sauran ya kusan babu, shi ne wani lakabi na girmamawa da aka ba dukan tafiyarsu zuwa gaban fama raka'a a gaba) da aka kammala a 1943, da yawan cikakken lokaci raka'a. Da dama daga cikinsu aka kafa a kan tushen da reserves. An misali ne 32th Armoured Division of Red Banner na Poltava, halitta a kan tushen da 1st Airborne Corps a marigayi 1942 da kuma samu farko yawan 9. Yana qunshi, kuma na yau da kullum sulke regiments kasance har yanzu 4 (uku dakaru, daya manyan bindigogi), da kuma kuma antitank bataliya, m bataliya, kamfanin sadarwa, bincike da kuma sinadaran tsaron gida.