Osteon - a tsarin naúrar daga kashi: sifa da aiki

A jikin mutum shi ne game da 206 kasũsuwa, ashe, amma 'yan mutane san sifa da fahimta yasa suke da karfi. Amma babban rawa a wannan ne osteon. Wannan tsarin naúrar daga wanda gina, ƙashi na daga cikin wata gabar jiki, hakarkarinsa, vertebrae, da dai sauransu Shin shi wani sunan -. Haversian tsarin.

A tsarin da kashi

Kawai saboda hada mataki na kwarangwal kuma tsokoki na jikin mu, muna iya matsawa, kuma wannan shi ne babban aiki. Akwai, ba shakka, da kuma ƙarin - jini, musayar alama abubuwa, zapasatelnaya (mai reserves). Zai fi dacewa da wadannan tsarin - musamman kashi Kwayoyin da extracellular matrix, cikin matsanancin cover (periosteum) da kuma located a cikin ciki na bargo.

Duk wani kashi kunshi biyu aka gyara - da m da spongy abu. A farko da aka located a kan periphery, na biyu - a cibiyar da kuma kunshi osseous bim, ba da ka shirya, kuma a cikin m yarda da waje da karfi a kan kashi a wani shafin.

A abun da ke ciki na ƙasũsuwa

A hade da kwayoyin (30-40%) kuma inorganic (60-70%) daga cikin abubuwa ne mai alama na kwarangwal tsarin. By inorganic abubuwa sun hada da salts na daban-daban sinadaran abun da ke ciki: phosphate, alli carbonate, magnesium sulfate da sauransu. Dukan su suna narkar da a acid, bayan ta daukan hotuna zuwa kashi barin kawai kwayoyin abubuwa, da kuma kashi a bayyanar da ji kamar wani soso.

Daga cikin kwayoyin abubuwa za a iya ware fats mukoproteidov, glycogen da collagen zaruruwa (wakilta ossein, osseomukoidom, Elastin). Idan kashi ne ƙone, da siffar da shi zai kasance ba, amma shi zai zama gaggautsa kuma marmashe sauƙi a lokacin da guga man.

Yana ne hade da abubuwa daban-daban da asalin sa kashi wuya, m, amma m.

iri ƙasũsuwa

Bisa ga bambance-bambance a cikin tsarin ne zuwa kashi:

• Tubular. Akwai tsawo da kuma gajeren. Ya kunshi biyu diaphysis da epiphysis, triangular siffar, ko cylindrical.
• Spongy - hada da yafi cancellous nama kewaye da m;
• lebur. Su wakiltar biyu lebur faranti tsakanin wanda aka housed da cancellous kashi, msl, kashi ruwan wukake.
• gauraye. Kasusuwa, kunsha da dama sassa na hadaddun siffar. Akwai daban-daban siffofi da ayyuka da suka yi. Alal misali, a thoracic vertebra kunshi sassa uku - jiki da kuma baka tsari.

The salula tsarin da kashi

Bayan dauke da kashi nama a salon salula matakin, akwai uku main siffofin Kwayoyin cewa bambanta a tsarin da kuma yin ayyuka:

1. Osteoblasts - matasa manyan Kwayoyin da suke mesenchymal a asalin. Cylindrical siffar, da zuciyar ne eccentrically. Kowane cell yana da wani appendage su zo a cikin lamba tare da makwabta osteoblasts. Babban ayyuka - haduwa extracellular matrix da kuma ne ke da alhakin mineralization.
2. Osteocytes - shi ne na gaba mataki a cikin ci gaban osteoblast kashi Kwayoyin, an same su a cikin kashi, wanda ya daina ci gaba a kananan cell jiki, kamar yadda idan aka kwatanta da osteoblasts, da kuma yawan matakai ne babba, da kuma za su iya bambanta ko da a cikin wannan kashi. A kwaya kuma rage a cikin size da kuma zama mafi m. Cage kamar ta immured a mineralized intercellular abu (gibba).
3. Osteoclasts - manyan salula masu girma dabam wanda za a iya isa fiye da 80 microns. Tsakiya ba daya amma da dama, tun da sun an kafa da dama Fused tare macrophages. Tun da osteoclast ne a akai motsi, da siffar ne kullum canja. A wani ɓangare na kashi cewa yana bukatar da za a hallaka, ga tantanin halitta akwai yawa matakai da suke da cewa "tattare" kashi, shan tafi daga shi duka salts da kuma lalata matrix.

Wadannan iri uku Kwayoyin, tare da amorphous abu da kuma osseinovymi zaruruwa zubar a free sarari, domin samar da wani farantin, bi da bi, su kafa osteons, da kuma janar gusset farantin.

Tsarin abun da ke ciki na ƙasũsuwa

Diaphysis aka yi sama da biyu tsarin raka'a: Haversian tsarin ko osteon, - wani babban part - da kuma gusset farantin. Osteon tsarin ne sosai rikitarwa. Kashi faranti birgima cikin cylinders na daban-daban diameters. Wadannan cylinders ake nested na juna, da kuma cibiyar wuce wani da ake kira Haversian canal. A wannan tashar gwada jijiyoyi da jini.

Osteon - wannan ba mai raba tsarin naúrar maƙaryaciya, ta maimaitawa anastomoses tsakanin sauran raka'a, kazalika da periosteum da kwanoni bargo. Bayan duk, jinin samar na osteons fãra saboda Sistem cibiyar sadarwa na periosteum, sa'an nan da ke shiga cikin bargo vials. Layi daya zuwa jini da jijiya endings ne.

Located wani osteon, photo hujja, a cikin tubular ƙasũsuwa layi daya da dogon gefe, da kuma soso - perpendicular zuwa karfi na matsawa da kuma tashin hankali.

Kowane kashi da aka gina daga da mutum yawan irin raka'a, a matsayin osteon, ilmin halitta kuɓutar da irin wannan tsarin haka cewa load a kan kowane daga cikinsu da kansa. Femur shigarsu manyan matsawa kaya a lokacin tafiya, yawan Haversian tsarin shi ne 1.8 pc. da square millimeter. Bugu da ƙari, 11% - ne rabo daga cikin Haversian canals.

Osteons suna ko da yaushe rabu da matsakaiciyar faranti (ma ake magana a kai a matsayin intercalary). Yana ba ta zama ba fãce hasãra osteon kashi, sun zama unusable daya dalili ko wata. Lalle ne, kashi ne kullum ne a aiwatar da halaka da kuma gina sabon Haversian tsarin.

ayyuka osteon

Osteon jerin fasali:

• asali yi naúrar daga kashi.
• Yana bada ƙarfi.
• kare jijiyoyi da tasoshin dauke da jini.

Ya bayyana cewa osteon - wani tsarin da cewa aikin da babbar rawa a cikin motsi, ba tare da kwarangwal iya ba cika manufar da aka nufa - su goyi bayan gabobin da kyallen takarda na jiki a cikin sarari.