Opekushin Aleksandr Mihaylovich, Rasha sculptor: biography, aikin

A duniya za ka iya samun dama shafukan da cewa ba za su kawai gigice da su girma, goge Lines, amma kuma taimaka a gano da ci gaban da art na sassaka ta wurin zamanai. Amma abin da muka sani game da mutanen da suka haifar da wadannan Monuments, wanda ya sa wani ɓangare daga ransa a wani fi so abu?

A wannan labarin, za mu tuna da sanannun Rasha sculptor. Opekushin Aleksandr Mihaylovich - wanda ya ke, abin da irin gudunmawar sanya wa al'adu na duniya, da kuma abin da ya aikata aiki ya zama shahararren?

biography

haife PM Opekushin 28 ga watan Nuwamba, 1838 (bisa ga wasu kafofin a 1833), a wani karamin kauye Svechkino Volga (Yaroslavl lardin). Ya zo daga wani iyali baƙauye. Mahaifinsa serf na mallaki gidaje Ekateriny Olhinoy, gwani modelers kai sanar.

Tun suna yara Opekushin nuna m basira da kuma iyawa, zuwa ga sauki baƙauye matsaloli ir} iro. Ya samu nasarar kammala karatunsa daga kauye makaranta. ya kan yaron ta iyawa ne tukuru ba to kula, don haka ne mahaifin ne sau da yawa a kan errands Ladies a St. Petersburg, na yanke shawarar aika da yaron ya koyi. Bayan samu amsa daga E. Olkhin, matasa Opekushin yana da shekaru 12 ya tafi shiga da a School of zanen da na mallaka Society for da ƙarfafawa da Artists.

samuwar

Ilimi a St. Petersburg yi sauki. Kuma maimakon na shekaru uku sai ya ciyar kawai biyu. PM Opekushin nuna nadiri damar iya yin komai, a lokacin da karatu, da kuma lashe zukatan sanannun artists da furofesoshi. Daya daga cikinsu shi Danish sculptor David Jensen. Bayan karshen zane School, ya gayyace zuwa ga studio Opekushin kamar yadda volnoprihodyaschego modelers.

Bugu da ari, ilimi da kuma aiki ga matasa sculptor ya yiwu ba, tun da takardun da yake har yanzu a serf. Don warware matsalar Opekushin bukatar kudi domin fansa - 500 rubles. Don wannan karshen, sai ya yi aiki tukuru, da kammala ƙarin umarni da samun wani albashi.

Strong wani tunanin danniya, da koyo da kullum, da ci gaba da barci rashi da kuma undernourishment muhimmanci raunana Opekushin jiki, kuma ya fadi sharri. Kawai kula abokai na makarantar kimiyya da kuma matasa shekaru taimaka wajen shawo kan rashin lafiya. Kuma a shekarar 1859, an sa hannu Opekushin maras tauyewa. Yanzu ya kasance free, kuma zai iya ci gaba da wani m hanya, da yadda da kuma inda ya ke so.

New alma Mathes ya mallaka Academy of Arts. A a layi daya, matasa modeller ci gaba da halartar taron Jensen da wuya lashe title na daya daga cikin mafi kyau Rasha sculptors.

iyali

A 1861, Alexander aure. Abin baƙin ciki, da kafofin ba su bai wa m bayani game da matarsa da 'ya'yansa. An sani cewa Opekushin da wani babban iyali, da dama da 'ya'ya mata. Taimake ci gaba ta yau da kullum samun kudin shiga daga halittar ado sculptures.

Opekushin Aleksandr Mihaylovich wani warai addini mutumin da nuna jin monarchist. Aikinsa ne koyaswar a fadar iyali. A lokacin wuya lokaci a cikin Rasha iyali shi ne shahararren Rasha sculptor rokon da kuma yunwa. A jama'a kudi, ta koma daga juyin juya halin Musulunci St. Petersburg (sai Petrograd) a ƙasarsa ta lardin Opekushin. Daga baya Rybnitsa samu gida a free amfani. Alexander ya cikin tsufansa da kuma yanzu ba a tsunduma a fi so craft. Duk da haka, da jama'ar kasar Commissariat ware fitar ga iyalinsa Academic da abincin sojoji.

A shekarar 1923 Opekushin kama ciwon huhu kuma ya mutu. Aka binne shi a wannan Rybnitsa kauye, kusa da Church na Mai-Ceto, wanda aka yi masa baftisma. Rabin karni daga baya, da sculptor ta kabari bayyana suna fadin dutsen kabari. Kuma a shekarar 2012, an unknown sha'awar Opekushin kasaftawa kudi don dutse dutsen kabari tare da rubutu: "Babban sculptors na m zuriyarsa."

Early aiki

Aiki Opekushin Aleksandr Mihaylovich matsayin artist da modeler fara da wuri. By da shekaru 17, da ya halicci wani suna na mai talented master. Duk da haka, da juyo a cikin makoman zama 1862. Bas-taimako "Mala'iku sanarwa da makiyaya Kirsimeti" wani irin fara batu ga babban art ga matasa sculptor.

Ba da da ewa ya aka lura da wani sanannen artist Mikhail Mikeshin kuma miƙa ya dauki bangare a cikin halittar abin tunawa a Novgorod "Millennium na Rasha" - wani babban-sikelin aikin a lokacin. Hakika, hadin gwiwa tare da Mikeshin yana da tsanani kuma tasiri a kan Opekushin. Duk da haka, a lokaci guda shi auna sculptor. Style na matasa sculptor da aka fi mayar kafa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da kerawa na Rasha mai neman na hakika sculptor Mark Antokolsky, musamman, ta mutummutumai Ivana Groznogo da Bitrus I.

aiki

A lokacin dukan aiki Opekushin halitta da dama dozin Masterpieces. Ga wasu daga cikinsu Rasha sculptor samu lambobin yabo da lakabi. Amma, abin takaici, da yawa daga cikin Monuments aka rushe a lokacin juyin juya halin Musulunci lokaci. Irin wannan, alal misali, ya zama wani abin tunawa ga Alexander II. Yana da aka bude a 1898. The tagulla tunawa tsaya a kudu da Kremlin bango.

Tartsatsi daraja kawo Opekushin aiki ya nuna a Duniya Nunin a Paris. Wadannan sun hada da runtume tasa depicting tarihi scenes, wanda aka sanya a kan master model.

Ba shi yiwuwa a ƙaryatãwa game da m taimako sanya ga ci gaban Rasha da kuma duniya sassaka Opekushin Aleksandr Mihaylovich. Ya sculptures da sauki, low-key, amma a lokaci guda warai sirri style of yi. Jerin ayyukan hada Monuments daga cikin shahararrun mawãƙi AS Pushkin, kuma MY Lermontov, halittu Karl von Baer da kuma Admiral Greig, a fasa da Countess Shuvalov da Tsesarevicha Nikolaya Aleksandrovicha.

Daga baya, duk da haka, masu sukar na sculptor kerawa da aka gani a matsayin kasa nasara da ma'ana. Alal misali, wani abin tunawa ga Sarkin sarakuna Alexander III da aka ba sosai sosai nuna godiya da ya Sahaban.

Statue Bitrus I

Opekushin dadin aiki tare da hoto sculptures na sanannen tarihi Figures. Musamman nasara da aka aikinsa kishin Peter I. The mutum-mutumi, dake nuna wani sarki yana zaune a kujera a uniform da kuma takalma.

Sculptor mamaki gudanar ya kama da impulsiveness da motsi na hali da Petr Veliky. Duk da haka, kamar yadda aka ce, shi ne ba kadai wurin hutawa fitacciyar, halitta ta maye.

Abin tunawa ga Pushkin

Daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci ayyukan da aka halitta Opekushin - Pushkin tunawa. Domin ya halitta na da sculptor ya fara a 1872, bayan da aka jefa duk sauran ayyukan. Long shekaru uku shi ya dauki wajen samar da wani zane na tunawa. Don wannan karshen, da maigida yana koya fiye da dozin hotuna na mawãƙi da aikinsa. Bayan Opekushin takarar amince a 1875, ya fara zane aiwatar. A mataimakansa dauki sculptor m I. Bogomolov.

Kawai shekaru biyar daga baya, duk aikin da aka gama. Kuma Yuni 6, 1880 a Tverskoy babban titi a Moscow da aka bude tunawa zuwa babban Rasha mawãƙi AS Pushkin. The tagulla tunawa yakan majestically a kan wani pedestal kuma nan da nan ya sa tartsatsi tashin hankali a tsakanin townspeople.

Kuma yau da Rasha mawãƙi a wani tagulla zane thoughtfully tsaye a kan daya daga cikin manyan titunan babban birnin a wani m gashi, a kan abin da mai fadi da-labulen alkyabbar. A matsayinsa ji sauƙi na hankali. Kadan karkatar da kai, kuma da idanu bayyana Rũhi daga Pushkin da kuma daraja yawa.

Sam Opekushin Pushkin abin tunawa ne dauke daya daga cikin mafi tsanani, kuma m aiki, da aiwatar da abin da shi ya kashe ba kawai su lokaci da kuma kokarin, amma kuma wani bangare na zuciya, da soyayya da poetic art.

Kabarin Lermontov

A 1889, ya yi jawabi ga halittar wani sanannen Rasha mawãƙi, da kuma gina wani gini a Lermontov a Pyatigorsk. Its abun da ke ciki An šanyi kama da kuma m tushen wahayi da kuma tunani na mawãƙi - Caucasus.

Neman a monumental Lermontov, da saninsa kama kanka tunanin cewa mawãƙi bayan wasu wurare dabam-dabam, kuma ya zauna a kan wani dutse, a kansa, ya admiring dusar ƙanƙara-fari iyakoki da duwatsu. Idanunsa bayyana matukar tunani da kuma wahayi. Wasu magoya sassaka zaton cewa wani abin tunawa daga cikin mawãƙi Lermontov wanda aka nuna quite bakin ciki da kuma mummuna, tare da kaifi fasali. A wannan lokacin, a matsayin hotuna da ya yi magana game da softness. Duk da haka, shi ne halittar artist a mutum hanya da kuma ji da kuma bar ado na birnin.

Monument na Muraviev-Amur

The most size a yi pre-neman sauyi Rasha da kuma a cikin ayyukansu Opekushin (16 mita high) ya zama abin tunawa ga Count Muraviev-Amur - Gwamnan Eastern Siberia. Bayan mutuwarsa a 1881, Sarkin sarakuna Alexander III yanke shawarar memorialize m. Saboda haka, a 1886, ya sanar da wani gasar ga sculptors. Daga cikin su shi ma "zinariya uku" Mikeshin, Antokolsky da Opekushin.

Project Alexander ta gane a matsayin mafi kyau. Bookmark tunawa ya faru a 1888, da kuma bayan shekaru uku da shi da aka bude a Khabarovsk da kuma shigar a Khabarovsk dutse. Figure count tsaya a kan podium, idanunsa aka directed zuwa kasar Sin. A pedestal aka yi wa ado da biyar tunawa plaques da sunayen jami'an da kuma fararen hula wanda rayayye halarci Accession da Amur yankin na Rasha. Duk da haka, a shekarar 1925, a dangane da "hukuncinsa a kan Monuments," abin tunawa aka kwankwance da kuma sanya shi a cikin gidan kayan gargajiya, da kuma daga baya ya yanka domin ya da.

ado sassaka

A wuri na musamman a cikin ayyukansu na ado sassaka Opekushin shagaltar. Ita ce ta wanda shi ne abu na m da hankali, ci gaba da kuma manyan tushen samun kudin shiga. Shi ne da godiya ga ta Alexander a wani matasa shekaru aka gane a matsayin talented modelers.

Bayan da kere kisan Bas-reliefs da kuma sanannen bakwai Figures ga abin tunawa ga Catherine II a St. Petersburg aka umurce ka al'amuranda Opekushin Royal Doors ga iconostasis a cikin Cathedral na iyãma. Kuma ya jimre da shi masterfully.

idon basira m tare da wani dabara tunani na hali dabiu lura a hoto busts, wanda aka halicce su da sculptor. A wasu hakkin mallaka ayyukan ado art sculptures jaddada m expressiveness na hotunan da kuma ladabi, taushi da Lines.

Awards da lakabobi

• Duk da yake karatu a mallaka Academy of Arts Opekushin Aleksandr Mihaylovich samu ya lambar yabo ta farko - a samu lambar azurfa - ga kyau kwarai yi na Bas-taimako a kan Littafi Mai Tsarki theme.
• A 1864, domin da almara na mutummutumai "Belisarius" da "Cupid da psyche" sculptor aka ciyar neklassnogo artist. Bayan shekaru biyar ya aka ciyar da su da wannan daraja ga aji artist na 2 darajõji, kuma daga baya ya karbi 1 digiri.
• A mafi muhimmanci nasara da lakabi ne na Academician, wanda Opekushin aka bayar a 1872. Mallaka Academy of Fine Arts hada shi a wani bangare saboda ilimi nasarori da kuma gagarumin jihar-format ayyukansu: a fasa na Crown Prince da mutum-mutumi Petra Velikogo.
• A wannan shekara, Alexander Mikhailovich Society of Naturalists aka bayar samu lambar zinariya ga yawan thematic ayyukansu.
• Opekushin nasarori sun kasance a matakin kasa da kasa. Daya daga cikin ababuwa nasarori ya lambar yabo ta farko, samu da shi a Estonia, Tartu (sai Dorpat) ga halittar abin tunawa ga Karl Baer. Opekushin daidai da gasar ya samu halartar sculptors daga Turai da kuma Amurka.

ban sha'awa facts

• A shekarar 1978, a cikin memory daga cikin sculptor (ya 140th ranar tunawa) aka saki pictorial (m) ambulaf tare da hoto a kan obverse.
• A shekarar 1986, falakin Lyudmila Chernykh gano asteroid, wanda aka mai suna bayan da Rasha sculptor.
• Tun shekara ta 1993, fice al'adu Figures gabatar a shekara Yaroslavl kyauta mai suna Opekushin.
• A shekarar 2013 ya wallafa wani littafi Olgi Davydovoy game da rayuwa da kuma aiki da sculptor. Af, marubucin akai-akai buga makala game Opekushin. Wannan littafin ya ƙunshi bayanin mafi muhimmanci lokaci na rayuwa da kuma aiki mai girma Masters. Don ƙirƙirar da shi ya dauki kusan shekaru 30. Kuma dalilin da littafin bauta kawai kwanakin watan guda biyu: da 175th ranar tunawa da haihuwar Opekushin (bisa ga kafofin aka haife shi a 1833) da kuma 90th ranar tunawa da mutuwarsa.

PS

A misali ya nuna duniya Opekushin Aleksandr Mihaylovich, ya biography, kuma nasarori a cikin zane-zane - shi ne da gaske a feat na wani serf. Ya kasance daya daga cikin na farko zuwa tafi a kan zamantakewa tsarin, da kuma tabbatar da cewa wani matsayi a al'umma ko wani hani ba hana wani mutum daga yin abubuwan da kuke so da kuma haifar da wani abu kyau, har abada barin wani memory na kanta a wannan duniyar tamu. Kuma bari a Rasha sculptor bayan yawa gõde da lakabobi manta da shekaru da yawa, masu sukar yi imani da wata alama da shi a cikin monumental da sculptural art uniquely zurfi da kuma ba shi da wani memory iyaka.