Mene ne alpha lalata

Yau za mu yi magana game da abin da yake cikin alpha lalata da kuma yadda za a iya bayyana cikin sharuddan da na gargajiya da kuma madadin theories. A wanzuwar rayuwar duniya ne kawai zai yiwu godiya ga cewa tsarin da wanda yake da wani abu, ku mallake ta isa zaman lafiyar. Forces cewa kisa tare da barbashi a atoms, su ne tushen tabbatar da wanzuwar dukan duniya. Yanzu model na atomic na'urorin ba da damar ba kawai domin su kirkiro da dokoki, amma kuma ya bayyana da yawa daga cikin lura mamaki na microworld. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na planetary model na cibiyar na kowane zarra ne tsakiya, wanda ya hada da protons da neutrons a daidai hannun jari. Rabo daga protons, neutrons da electrons wakilta a matsayin 1: 1: 1. Wannan da farko duba alama mutumin a gaskiya wannan dangantaka shi ne sakamako da dokoki na key halittar: lantarki cajin wani electron ne daidai -1, da proton 1 da kuma neutrons, kasancewa ƙungiyar na biyu karami oppositely cajin aka gyara, da sauran electrically tsaka tsaki (ba zato ba tsammani , Saboda haka sunan).

Saboda da Coulomb sojojin na protons a tsakiya tare juna, amma counterbalancing karfi hulda rike da barbashi tare. Mene ne alpha lalace? The inji ta faru ne mai sauqi qwarai: Idan protons motsa daga juna, da karfi zama ya fi girma elektroottalkivaniya karfi hulda da take kaiwa ga samuwar m nuclei da barbashi. A dalilai na farko distancing bambancin - shi na iya zama duka waje tsoma da kuma halaye na nukiliya tsarin (entropy factor).

Rushewar duniya

Har 1896 da aka yi imani da cewa kwayoyin halitta ne basa, da kuma tsarin da kowane halayyar kowane musamman abu. Amma Becquerel (wani lokacin ake magana Rutherford), wanda ya yi karatu uranium salts, gano sabon abu na radioactivity fiye da simintin shakka a kan da yawa daga cikin ka'idojin da atomic ka'idar da lokaci. Alpha lalace ne da watsi da gaskiya ma caje barbashi - helium nuclei-4. An lura da cewa wannan tsari ne halin da farko ga nuclei da nauyi abubuwa. Daya daga cikin halaye na alpha barbashi ne ta biyu tabbatacce cajin. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa tsarin da biyu electrons sun bata. A total cajin lokacin da wannan aka same su zama biyu. Alpha lalata karatu Rutherford. Ya samu cewa irin wannan tsarin da barbashi (2 protons + 2 neutrons) ne sosai a barga, kuma, a ka'idar, mafi yawan sauran tsakiya zai yi ya karya up wadannan barbashi kuma nuclei na m abubuwa. Duk da haka, wannan ba ya faru. Rutherford da shawarar cewa wani nukiliya canji mai yiwuwa ne kawai idan ta shiga da shi helium kwayoyin halitta (alpha barbashi) ko high-makamashi electrons (beta barbashi). Daga bisani, an tabbatar, amma ya dauki shekaru goma na gudanar da bincike da kuma bullo da sabbin matsalolin a cikin filin na jimla makanikai - da rami maha? Ar.

rinjãyarsu shingen

Kamar yadda aka nuna a bisa, barga tsarin - alpha barbashi. Cajin yana daga 2 zuwa 10 MeV. Domin ba dama da shi a shiga da tushe na zarra, dole ne ka shawo kan sojojin na lantarki tunkuxe (tun protons ne ba a cikin nucleus din da barbashi). Wannan shi ne guda shãmaki bayan nassi na wanda aka riga fara fi intranuclear karfi nauyi. microworld dokokin ne daban-daban daga mu saba, don haka a wasu lokuta ya bi ta garun, ba lallai ba ne don a hallaka shi. Ta hanyar da rami maha? Ar iya shawo kan shãmaki. Karamin da bambanci tsakanin makamashi na barbashi da kuma kudin da nassi, da hakan yiwuwar shawo kan m. Domin mafi nuclei da yiwuwar wani rami maha? Ar ne don haka kananan cewa su za a iya daukan barga tsarin. Others, a karkashin wani yanayi, da damar shigar azzakari cikin farji na waje (da ciki da outflow) na alpha barbashi.