Nau'in na mafarki da su halaye

A cikin mafarkin, da jikin mu ci gaba da aiki. A lokacin wannan tsari masana kimiyya ware kai tsaye barci da kuma yin mafarki, wahayi (ko hallucinations), mafarkai. A terminology za mu magance daga baya. Da farko, ya kamata a ambata cewa kowane irin mafarki ne da ya dace na ruhaniya mamaki, wanda tare da kamã da jũna form iya bayyana nan gaba da kuma baya daga cikin mutum.

Babban irin barci

Ware wadannan nau'o'in shi:

• da kullum na lokaci-lokaci.
• yanayi na lokaci-lokaci (rashin himma da wasu dabbobi).
• narcotic.
• hypnotic.
• pathological.

Nau'in na barci da kuma su halaye

Bugu da kari ga babban iri, akwai na halitta da kuma wucin gadi. Suna a matsayin babban iri biyu barci. Halitta aiwatar sau da yawa yakan faru a cikin mutane da kuma dabbobi ba zato ba tsammani, ba tare da wani waje da tasirinsa. Artificial bayyanar sa ta yin amfani da daban-daban dalilai da kuma tasirinsa (lantarki, narcotic, hypnotic).

Halitta siffofin barci lafiya adult mutane da mafi dabbobi masu shayarwa muhimmi periodicity. Duk da haka, da mita da kuma canzawar iya bambanta. An adult kagaggun barci da dare kuma lokacin da rana a farke. Wannan mita aka kira monophasic. Akwai mutanen da suka yi sauran rana sau biyu - da asali barci da dare, da kuma wani ƙarin rana. Wannan biyu-lokaci mita. Mai dabbobi masu shayarwa amfani polyphase irin mafarki: suna iya fada barci da kuma tashi a cikin dare da yini, sau da yawa, ba tare da bukatar m kiyaye da alternating lokaci na sauran da wakefulness. Yara ne kuma muhimmi a polyphasic barci. Wannan za a iya gani a misali da jarirai, suke sũ ne mafiya yawan lokaci a cikin physiological jihar. An, duk da haka, sau da yawa a rana aka katse saboda da sha'awoyi, amma kara, saboda tasirin da ilimi da kuma yanayi, da kari na barci fara sake gina, gabatowa da cewa na fara tasawa.

Artificial barci nau'in za a iya sarrafawa da sashi rinjayar dalilai da sa su (kwayoyin maganin barci, lantarki halin yanzu et al.).

A tsawon mita na halitta barci a daban-daban dabbobi ne sosai m, kuma ko da guda jinsunan shi ne sosai daban-daban a cikin daban-daban lokaci na shekara.

Masana kimiyya nuna mafi ban sha'awa ga abin da ake kira yanayi Dabbobi masu jure hunturu. Dabbobi gano ta haddasawa da kuma Physiology.

Nau'in na halitta mafarkai

Natural to la'akari da wadanda irin mafarkai da cewa wani m mutum ne iya ganin daga lokaci zuwa lokaci:

• lafiya (bisa ga wasu alamu mayar gaskiya).
• hangen nesa (maido mutum tada hoto da ya gani a cikin mafarki).
• gaibu barci (ya hada da wani gargadi).
• mafarkai (mafarkai aiwatuwa a gaskiyar cewa mutum ya sanya wani karfi ra'ayi a gaskiya).
• ghostly dare hangen nesa (maimaita bayyanar wasu hotuna a mafarki; sau da yawa shi ya faru tare da yara da kuma mutane a cikin tsufa).

Daga cikin waɗannan duka, amma da farko iri uku barci ne musamman lura, kamar yadda na karshe biyu, a mafi yawan lokuta kai ga kurakurai.

pathological mafarki

A cewar ta etiology, wannan yanayin a cikin shakka daga ta nuni ne zuwa kashi da dama jinsunan da masana kimiyya. Yana auku ne kawai a lokacin da kwakwalwa anemia, a lokacin da ta samun kasa jini wadata. a gaban babban matsin lokacin da yake bunkasa marurai a duka hemispheres ko idan burge brainstem a wasu shafukan. Sau da yawa pathological iri barci iya bayyana kansu kwanaki masu yawa, kuma yana iya wuce har zuwa shekaru da dama. Wannan jiha ne m, tare da biyu a rage tsoka sautin da ya karu.

Mahaukaci mafarki sau da yawa a gauraye da hypnotic jihohi, amma shi ne ba da abu guda. Hypnosis za a iya lalacewa ta hanyar musamman muhalli da yanayi ko tsoma wasu daga cikin ayyuka da wani mutum wanda ke yin wahayi zuwa wasu tare da da wani bukatar barci lokaci. A lokacin daidai wannan iri-iri na pathological physiological jihar, akwai wani sabani da yanke-kashe na cortical aiki. A wannan m lamba tare da kewaye Zabi sensorimotor aiki wanda aka kiyaye shi. A juyayi tsarin lokacin barci da cewa zai iya zama duka a cikin zalunci-kulle da kuma a cikin m jihar.

Lokaci-lokaci da kullum barci

Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, da lafiya da mutum samar 3 iri mafarki: monophasic (sau daya a rana), difazny (sau biyu), kuma a cikin jariri - kuma ko da polyphasic.

Jariri kullum ciyarwa a cikin mafarki lokaci na game da 21 hours; yara shekaru daga watanni shida zuwa watanni 12 a rana barci 14 hours, har zuwa 5 shekaru - 12 hours, daga 5-10 shekaru - game da 10 hours. An adult barci wani talakawan of 7-9 hours a rana. A mafi m shekaru ne da ɗan rage barci duration.

rashin barci

Tsawo rashin dace sauran (3-5 days) ne halin da ya faru na shafi tunanin mutum da cuta. An fara siddan jarrabawa ga gado: hana ta abin da ya faru na iya kawai da karfi zafi samuwar kasashe - needlestick ko lantarki tura. A mutum hana barci, sai ya furta karu a gudun halayen a cikin kwakwalwa qara gajiya da rage-rage na daidaiton da ake gudanar.

Ba kamar yadda m canje-canje a cikin dogon lokacin da rashin barci, autonomic ayyuka. Suna nuna ne kawai da kadan karu a jiki zafin jiki da kuma wani kadan slowing na bugun jini. Amma ba kowa ke ji m physiological da m canje-canje, a 40-80-hour rashin barci sakamakon na iya zama mafi tsanani.

narcotic barci

Narcotic iri barci bayyana a cikin nau'i na wucin gadi kashewa na sani. Zo tare da cikakken hanawa na reflexes rage a tsoka sautin. Yana zurfafa mutane a wannan jiha ta wajen maganin sa barci, wanda rinjayar da tsakiya m tsarin.

A lokacin nutse, haƙuri da maganin sa barci ci gaba aiki na medulla oblongata, kamar yadda a cikin yanki ne rayuwa-riƙe cibiyoyin - vasomotor da numfashi. Idan da tasiri na kwayoyi ya ci gaba na dogon lokaci, shi yana iya faruwa sako da aka bayyana a jihar, inda ya isa rubuta inna wadannan cibiyoyi. Long narcotic barci take kaiwa zuwa mutuwa daga mãsu haƙuri.

hypnotic barci

Hujjar game da abin da su ne iri na mafarkai, ci gaba da more cikakken bayanin irin hypnotic barci. Wannan yanayin da aka ba su cikakken fahimta ba sai yanzu. Shi ba a san abin da ya haddasa sosai mafarki lokaci. A lokacin da ya faru na wannan yanayin faruwa appreciable canje-canje a cikin physiological matakai na tsakiya da kuma autonomic juyayi tsarin, kazalika da sauran gabobin da kuma tsarin na jikin mutum.

Yanayi na lokaci-lokaci barci

Wadannan iri mafarkai suna kuma aka sani a matsayin barci, catalepsy ko barci. Wannan irin jihohi ne halin da gagarumin karu a yanayin jiki, cikinsa da rage samar da makamashi da kuma tsanani da kowace daga cikin physiological tsari. Mai goge ne na hali kawai domin wasu iri dabbobi.

Animals suke iya a kudi na ciki zafi samarwa don kula da yanayin jiki, an kira endothermic. Akwai ectothermic kwayoyin, wanda ake kira banda kisan gillar. Man dumin jiki, wanda ke nufin cewa shi nasa ne da endotherm kazalika da dabbobi masu shayarwa da tsuntsaye. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa mutane ba za su hibernate, da yanayin jikinsu ya jā da dogon barci. Amma akwai dumin jiki, wanda har yanzu fada cikin yanayi yi gyangyaɗi, suna kira heterothermal endotherms.