Muscle nama: sifa da aiki. Features na tsarin tsoka nama

Shuke-shuke da dabbobi bambanta ba kawai a cikin bayyanar, amma kuma, ba shakka, ƙ. Duk da haka, mafi muhimmanci alama na rayuwa - shi ne cewa dabbobi ne iya rayayye motsa a sarari. Bayar da shi ne saboda kasancewar a cikinsu na musamman tsoka - tsoka. Su mun dauki mukalli on.

dabba nama

A jikin dabbobi masu shayarwa da kuma mutumin ne 4-daban na nama rufi duk gabobin da kuma tsarin da ya samar da jini da kuma dauke da fitar da harshen damo.

1. Epithelial. Siffofin rufe jikinsu m jirgin ruwa bango an liyi tare da mucous membranes, Forms serous membranes.
2. M. Siffofin duk gabobin da wannan sunan tsarin, yana da mafi muhimmanci fasali - excitability da watsin.
3. Hada guda biyu. Yana wanzu a cikin daban-daban siffofin, ciki har da ruwa tsari - jini. Forms da tendons, jijiyoyin, mai Layer, ya cika da kashi.
4. Muscle nama, tsarin da ayyuka da dama dabbobi da mutane zuwa yin wani iri-iri na ƙungiyoyi, da kuma da yawa ciki Tsarin - kwangila da kuma fadada (tasoshi, da sauransu).
   

A tarawa hade da duk wadannan jinsuna tsiraru da tabbatar da al'ada da kuma tsarin aiki na abubuwa masu rai.

Muscle nama: rarrabuwa

A musamman rawa a aiki na mutane da dabbobi da sharar gida taka musamman tsarin. Its sunan - tsoka nama. Tsarin da kuma aiki na ƙwarai asali da kuma ban sha'awa.

A gaskiya, wannan nama ne da iri-irin, da kuma na da rarrabuwa. shi ya kamata a yi la'akari da mafi daki-daki. Akwai irin tsoka nama, kamar:

• santsi.
• striated.
• zuciya.

Kowane daga cikinsu yana da nasa wuri na sarrafawa a cikin jiki da kuma aikin da-tsare aiki.

Tsarin tsoka Kwayoyin

All iri uku tsoka nama suna da tsarin fasali. Duk da haka, wanda zai iya gane kowa alamu cell na'urar da irin wannan tsari.

Da fari dai, shi ne wani elongated siffar (wani lokacin har zuwa 14 cm), wato, kara tare da dukan murdede jiki. Abu na biyu, shi ne Multi-core, saboda a wannan Kwayoyin mafi m gina jiki kira matakai ci gaba, samuwar kuma bazuwar na ATP kwayoyin.

Har ila yau, musamman tsoka nama tsarin a cewa ta Kwayoyin dauke da myofibrils bim kafa biyu sunadaran - actin da myosin. Su samar da babban alama wannan tsarin - contractility. Kowane thread-kamar fibril hada makada bayyane karkashin madubin a matsayin karin haske da duhu. Wadannan su ne sunadarai na gina jiki, forming wani abu kamar strands. Actin Forms mai haske da kuma myosin - duhu.

Kadarorin tsoka nama na wani irin a cewa su sel (myocytes) ya samar da wata dukan tari - fiber daure ko symplasts. Kowane daga cikinsu yana sahu a ciki lamba taru fibrils, yayin da minti tsarin kanta kunshi sunadaran da aka ambata a sama. Idan muka yi la'akari da alama tsarin da inji, shi dai itace kamar matryoshka, - kasa don ƙarin, kuma haka a har da sosai fiber daure a hade sako-sako da connective nama a cikin sauran tsarin - wani irin tsoka nama.

A ciki yanayi na cell, watau, wani protoplast, ya ƙunshi dukkan guda tsarin aka gyara, kazalika da wani a cikin jiki. Bambanci - a cikin wani adadin nuclei da su fuskantarwa ba a tsakiyar fiber, da kuma a cikin na gefe rabo. Har ila yau a cikin wannan rabo ne ba saboda da kwayoyin abu da zuciyar, da kuma saboda na musamman Kwayoyin, qazanta da sunan tauraron dan adam. Su ne wani ɓangare na myocyte membrane kuma rayayye yi farfadowa aiki - don mayar da nama mutunci.

The kaddarorin da tsoka nama

Kazalika da wani Tsarin, wadannan iri-iri na tsokoki da nasu halaye, ba kawai a tsarin amma kuma a cikin ayyuka yi. Babban kaddarorin da tsoka nama ta hanyar abin da za su iya yi wannan:

• ragi.
• excitability.
• watsin.
• lability.

Saboda da manyan yawan jijiya zaruruwa, jini da kuma capillaries cewa ciyar da tsokoki, da za su iya sauri gane da sigina hatsaisai. Wannan dukiya ne ake kira excitability.

Kuma siffofi da tsoka nama tsarin dama da shi don amsa da sauri zuwa wani hangula, aika da baya da lokacinta a cikin cerebral bawo da laka. Wannan shi ne wani buɗi na madugu dukiya. Wannan yana da muhimmanci sosai, saboda ikon amsa kiran barazanar effects (sinadaran, inji, jiki da hali) - wani muhimmin sharaɗi ne ga al'ada hadari rayuwa na wani kwayoyin.

Muscle nama, tsarin da aiki da shi aikin - duk wannan a matsayin dukan an rage zuwa babban dukiya, contractility. Yana tabbatar da wani sabani (controllable) ko involuntary (ba tare da m iko), Munã rage ko kara tsawon na myocyte. Wannan shi ne saboda da myofibrillar gina jiki (actin da myosin filaments). Suna iya budewa da kuma thinning kusan zuwa invisibility, sa'an nan da sauri mayar da tsarin.

Wannan shi ne musamman tsoka nama na wani irin. Saboda haka gina aikin da mutane da dabbobi zukãtansu, su tasoshin ido tsokoki, da juyawa apple. Yana da wannan dukiya samar da ikon ga aiki motsi, da motsi a cikin sarari. Abin da ya iya yin wani mutum idan ya tsokoki ba za a iya rage? Ba kome. Tãyar da runtse a hannu, Jump, Crouch, dance, da gudu, yi da wani iri-iri na bada - shi duka taimaka wajen sa tsokoki kawai. Wato myofibrils actin da myosin yanayi kafa masana'anta myocytes.

A karshen dũkiyarku, wadda dole ne za a ambata ne lability. Ya unshi da ikon na masana'anta warke da sauri bayan zumudi, zo cikakkar yi. Better myocytes iya yin wannan ne kawai axons - jijiya Kwayoyin.

A tsarin da tsoka nama, da hurumin da kaddarorin da aka jera a rarrabe siffofin - manyan dalilan da aiwatar da dama da muhimmanci ayyuka a cikin jikin dabbobi da mutane.

m masana'anta

Wata irin tsoka. Yana yana mesenchymal asalin. An shirya daban daga wasu. Myocytes kananan, dan kadan elongated, kama thickened a cikin cibiyar na zare. A talakawan cell size ne game da 0.5 mm a tsawon kuma 10 microns a diamita.

Protoplast da babu sarcolemma. Da zuciyar abu daya, amma da yawa daga mitochondria. A sarrafawa daga cikin kwayoyin abu, rabu da cytoplasm karyotheca - a tsakiyar tantanin halitta. A jini membrane an shirya kawai isa, hadaddun sunadarai da lipids aka kiyaye. Kusa da mitochondria da cytoplasm tarwatsa miofibrillnye zobba dauke da actin da myosin a kananan yawa, amma ya ishe su rage nama. Endoplasmic reticulum da Golgi hadaddun da dama Saukake da kuma rage a kwatanta da sauran Kwayoyin.

Smooth tsoka nama kafa myocytes bim (dogara sanda-dimbin yawa Kwayoyin) ya bayyana tsarin innervated efferent da afferent zaruruwa. Shi ne batun da gudanar da autonomic juyayi tsarin, watau rage, m ba tare da m iko na jiki.

A wasu m tsokoki gawarwakin kafa ta mutum guda Kwayoyin da musamman innervation. Ko da yake wannan sabon abu ne rare. A general, akwai biyu main iri m tsoka Kwayoyin:

• secretory myocytes, ko roba.
• santsi.

Malodifferentsirovanna farko rukuni na Kwayoyin qunshi wani jam'i na mitochondria, Golgi inji da kyau bayyana. A cytoplasm ne a fili gano daure na contractile myofibrils da microfilaments.

Na biyu kungiyar na myocytes qware a cikin kira na polysaccharides da combinative hadaddun macromolecular abubuwa, daga abin da kara gina Collagen da Elastin. Sun kuma samar da wani gagarumin rabo daga intercellular abu.

sarrafawa a cikin jiki

Smooth tsoka nama, tsarin da aiki da shi aikin, ya yale shi ya mayar da hankali a daban-daban gabobin a daban-daban yawa. Tun da innervation ne ba batun sarrafa da mutum aiki directed (tunaninsa), da kuma sarrafawa zai zama ya dace. Kamar:

• ganuwar jini da kuma jijiyoyinmu.
• mafi yawan kayan ciki.
• fata.
• eyeball da sauran Tsarin.

A wannan batun, da yanayin da aiki na m tsoka - da low-gudun.

ayyuka

A tsarin da tsoka nama ya dora a kai tsaye bugu a kan ayyuka da suka yi. Saboda haka, m tsoka da ake bukata domin wadannan ayyukan:

• aiwatar da ƙanƙancewa da shakatawa na tilasta yin aiki;
• ƙanƙancewa da kuma fadada daga cikin lumen na jini da kuma Lymph tasoshin.
• motsi na idanu a daban-daban kwatance.
• iko da sautin na mafitsara da sauran m gabobin.
• bayar da a dauki mataki na hormones da sauran sinadarai.
• high ductility da kuma sadarwa tafiyar matakai na zumudi da ƙanƙancewa.

Gallbladder, na ciki da wuri mahaɗar tsakãninsu da hanji, urinary mafitsara, Lymph da jijiya jini, jijiyoyinmu da yawa drugieorgany - suna iya aiki yadda ya kamata kawai da kaddarorin m tsoka. Management, da zarar wani ajiyar ne tsananin m.

Striated tsoka nama

The sama iri tsoka nama ba batun sarrafa da zuciyar dan Adam, da kuma ba su da alhakin da motsi. Shi ne da prerogative na nau'i na zaruruwa - striated.

Da farko mu fahimci, ga abin da suka kasance ba da wannan sunan. Lokacin da kyan gani, a wani microscope za ka iya ganin cewa wadannan Tsarin da wata, tsattsarkar striations fadin wasu strands - furotin actin da myosin filaments cewa yin up myofibrils. Wannan shi ne dalilin da irin wannan suna nama.

Cross-tsoka nama ne myocytes hada da wani jam'i na tsakiya da kuma wanda su ne sakamakon tattara abubuwa masu kyau da dama da salon salula Tsarin. Wannan sabon abu ne kaddamarda da sharuddan "symplast" ko "syncytia." Bayyanar zaruruwa wakilta dogon, elongated cylindrical Kwayoyin, tam juna kowa intercellular abu. Af, akwai wani nama cewa siffofin da tsarin da sanarwa akan abinda duk myocytes. Yana mallaka mai santsi tsoka. Connective nama - tushen da intercellular abu, wanda zai iya zama duka m da sako-sako da. Yana kuma Halicci iri-iri na tendons, bayan da ta striated kwarangwal tsokoki a haɗe da ƙasũsuwa.

Myocytes dauke masana'anta amma na babba size, har yanzu 'yan siffofin:

• Kwayoyin sarcoplasm ƙunshi manyan yawa na sauƙi rarrabe myofibrils da microfilaments (actin da myosin a tushen).
• data Tsarin ake hada a cikin ya fi girma kungiyoyin - tsoka zaruruwa, wanda bi da bi kai tsaye kafa kwarangwal tsoka daban-daban kungiyoyin.
• Akwai da yawa nuclei da bayyana reticulum da Golgi na'ura;
• da raya yawa mitochondria.
• innervation ne da za'ayi a karkashin iko da somatic juyayi tsarin, cewa shi ne sane.
• gajiya fiber ne high, duk da haka, da kuma yi ma.
• lability sama talakawan, da sauri dawo bayan refraction.

A jikin dabbobi da kuma mutum striated tsokoki ne ja. Wannan bayani da gaban myoglobin a cikin zaruruwa - musamman gina jiki. Kowane myocyte rufe kusan ganuwa daga waje m harsashi - sarcolemma.

A matasa shekaru dabba da mutum kwarangwal tsokoki dauke da mafi m connective nama tsakanin myocytes. Tare da nassi na lokaci da kuma tsufa da aka maye gurbinsu da wani sako-sako da kuma mai, saboda haka tsokoki zama flabby da kuma mai rauni. A general, kwarangwal tsoka daukan up to 75% na jimlar nauyi. Wannan ita naman dabbobi, da tsuntsaye da kifi, wadda wani mutum ya ci. Sinadirai masu darajar sosai high saboda da babban abun ciki na daban-daban gina jiki mahadi.

A iri-iri na striated tsoka, in ban da kwarangwal, da zuciya ne. Features na da tsarin za a iya bayyana a gaban iri biyu Kwayoyin: al'ada tsoka Kwayoyin da cardiomyocytes. Yawancin lokaci suna da wannan tsari a matsayin kwarangwal. Alhakin m ƙanƙancewa na zuciya, da kayayyakinsa. Amma cardiomyocytes - takamaiman abubuwa. Su ne a kananan adadin myofibrils, sabili da haka, actin da myosin. Wannan ya nuna a low ikon rage. Amma su aiki ba shine al'amarin ba. Babban rawa - da aiki na excitability na zuciya, da rhythmic motsa jiki automaticity.

Cardiac tsoka nama yana kafa ta maimaita sashe na memba myocytes kuma m hadewa a cikin sauran tsarin da rassan. Wani bambanci daga striated kwarangwal tsokoki - a cewa cardiac Kwayoyin dauke da nuclei, a cikin tsakiyar ɓangare. Myofibrillar sarrafa yankunan kan periphery.

Wanne gabobin siffofin?

All kwarangwal tsokoki na jikin - shi ne striated tsoka nama. Table nuna sarrafawa daga kyallen takarda a cikin jiki, da aka nuna a kasa.

The darajar da kwayoyin

A rawar da aikin striated tsoka, da wuya a overestimate. Bayan duk, ta ne ke da alhakin mafi muhimmanci bayãnin hukuncin halayyar shuke-shuke da dabbobi - da ikon ya dauki wani aiki motsi. A mutum na iya yin da yawa daga cikin mafi fitattu kuma sauki magudi, da kuma dukan su dogara a kan aikin na kwarangwal tsokoki. Mutane da yawa tafiyar da sosai horar da su tsokoki, da ake yin wannan a babban rabo mai girma godiya ga kaddarorin da tsoka nama.

Ka yi la'akari da abin da wasu ayyuka suna yi da striated tsoka a jikin mutum da dabbobi.

1. Alhakin hadaddun fuska cuts, magana na motsin zuciyarmu, bayyanar cututtuka na hadaddun ji.
2. Yana goyon bayan da matsayi na jiki a cikin sarari.
3. Ya yi aikin na ciki kariya aiki (da inji mataki).
4. Cardiac tsokoki na samar da rhythmic ƙanƙancewa na zuciya.
5. Kwarangwal tsokoki suna da hannu a ayyukan hadiya, samar da vocal igiyoyinsu.
6. Daidaita harshen motsi.

Saboda haka, za mu iya gama da wadannan: tsoka nama - muhimmanci tsarin abubuwa na wani dabba jiki, yana ba shi wasu na musamman damar iya yin komai. Properties da kuma tsarin da daban-daban na tsokoki samar da muhimmanci ayyuka. Dalili tsarin kowace tsoka myocyte ta'allaka - fiber kafa daga furotin filaments na actin da myosin.