Mitochondrial aiki da tsarin

A cikin sel duk rayayyun kwayoyin halitta da musamman wasu gabbansa da suke motsa, aiki, ci tare da juna da kuma irin. Suna da ake kira mitochondria ko chondriosomes. Irin Tsarin suna kunshe a cikin sel protozoa kuma a cikin sel na shuke-shuke da dabbobi. Na dogon lokaci a cikin nazarin tsarin da Kwayoyin sun yi karatu da kuma mitochondrial aiki, domin shi ne na musamman sha'awa.

Lalle ne, a salon salula matakin, da mitochondria yi takamaiman da muhimmanci sosai aiki - form makamashi a cikin nau'i na adenosine triphosphate. Wannan shi ne wani key nucleotide a musayar abubuwa na rayuwa kwayoyin da kuma mayar da shi zuwa makamashi. ATP abubuwa a matsayin duniya tushen samar da makamashi zama dole ga abin da ya faru na da wani daga cikin biochemical matakai a cikin jiki. Wannan shi ne babban aikin da mitochondria - don kula da harshen damo a salon salula matakin saboda da samuwar ATP.

The matakai abin da ke faruwa a cikin sel na dogon lokaci sun na musamman sha'awa ga masana kimiyya, saboda yana taimaka wa mafi fahimtar tsarin da kuma damar da kwayoyin. A tsari na koyon yaushe daukan lokaci mai tsawo. Saboda haka Karl Lohmann a 1929 bude adenosine triphosphate, kuma Fritz Lipmann a 1941 siffa cewa shi ne babban maroki na makamashi a Kwayoyin.

A tsarin da mitochondria

A bayyanar shi ne guda sha'awa a matsayin aiki na mitochondria. The masu girma dabam da kuma siffofi na wadannan da wasu gabbansa ne m, kuma zai iya bambanta dangane da nau'in halittu masu rai. Aka bayyana talakawan darajar, da filamentous mitochondria da granular, kunsha na biyu membranes, yana da girma 0.5 mikromillimetra a kauri, da kuma tsawon iya isa 60 mikromillimetrov.

Kamar yadda riga aka ambata a sama, masana kimiyya sun dogon kokarin fahimtar tambaya, abin da yake da sifa da aiki na mitochondria. Babban matsaloli da suke tare da underdeveloped kayan aiki, saboda ka yi nazarin takaice a wasu hanyoyi kusan ba zai yiwu.

A dabba Kwayoyin, mitochondria dauke da fiye da a cikin sel na shuke-shuke, domin shi ne mafi muhimmanci ga dabba makamashi daga wani juyin ra'ayi na canji. Duk da haka, ya bayyana wadannan matakai ne da wuya, amma a shuka Kwayoyin irin ayyuka zaton yafi chloroplast.

A Kwayoyin, da mitochondria iya located in wurare daban-daban, inda akwai bukatar for ATP. Za mu iya cewa tsarin da mitochondria fairly duniya, don haka ba za su iya bayyana a wurare daban-daban.

The ayyuka na mitochondria

Babban aiki na mitochondria - kira na ATP kwayoyin. Wannan irin makamashi da cell tashar cewa saboda da hadawan abu da iskar shaka daga daban-daban gudanar da mahadi saki makamashi a kudi na su lalace.

Babban tushen samar da makamashi, watau, fili amfani ga Lalacewar ne pyruvic acid. Ta, bi da bi, ya karbi jiki daga sunadarai, carbohydrates da fats. Akwai hanyoyi biyu na samar da makamashi da ilimi, tare da mitochondria amfani da biyu. A farko da dangantaka da hadawan abu da iskar shaka na pyruvate a matrix. Na biyu shi ne riga Kristen da wasu gabbansa da kuma kai tsaye terminates aiwatar da samar da makamashi.

A general, wannan ginshiki ne da wahala da kuma daukan wuri a dama, saukarwa. Layin up dogon jerin daga halayen, da nufin ne kawai na wanda - da ikon samar da wasu salon salula tafiyar matakai. Rike da jiki a salon salula matakin iya ajiye ransa a general. Shi ya sa masana kimiyya sun dade da aka ƙoƙarin gane daidai da yadda wadannan matakai faruwa. A tsawon lokaci, da yawa al'amurran da suka shafi da aka yi niyyar zartarwa, musamman a cikin binciken na DNA, da kuma taimaka tsarin Sauran takaice na kananan Kwayoyin. Ba tare da wannan, zai zama da wuya su yi tunanin ci gaban wannan kimiyya a general, kazalika da nazari na mutane da dabbobi kwayoyin sosai.