Abu mai rai

A zaune biosphere abu ya hada a abun da ke ciki kamar yadda Organic (sinadaran) ko inorganic (ma'adinai) aka gyara.

Fiye da 90%, kafa yafi na oxygen, carbon, hydrogen da nitrogen, qumshi ƙasa da ciyayi. A cewar masana, da mai rai al'amari - shi ne daya daga cikin mafi "m" Earth geochemical sojojin. Tasowa da shi, a yankunan da hydrosphere, lithosphere da kuma yanayi. A m yanayi, da rayuwa matakai gushe ko rage gudu zuwa irin wannan har da cewa babu wani bayyane manifestations na rayuwa. Saboda haka, tasowa a jihar dakatar da tashin hankali.

Rayuwa al'amari yana da takamaiman fasali.

A farko wuri, shi ne halin da mai babbar dama free makamashi. A cikin mahallin da inorganic abu zuwa wani rai (makamashi adadin) za a iya daidaita ephemeral lawa gudana, ba tukuna ya lokaci zuwa kwantar.

Daya daga cikin manyan siffofin ne da gudun sinadaran halayen. Sun yi a cikin rai al'amari, a bambanci ga har yanzu, auku sau dubbai sauri.

A rarrabe ne abun da ke ciki. Rayuwa al'amarin ya hada da raba mahadi (enzymes, sunadarai, da dai sauransu). Wadannan sinadaran mahadi nuna dattako ne kawai a karkashin sharadi gwargwado. Don babban har wannan siffa ne ma halayyar da ma'adinai aka gyara.

Rayuwa al'amarin sa son rai da motsi. V. I. Vernadsky, da imani da cewa wannan yunkuri ne sun fi mayar da kai-gudãnar, ware fitar biyu na musamman siffofin. The m ne kafa ta waddan da kuma muhimmi a cikin shuke-shuke da dabbobi. Shugabanci na motsi na kwayoyin (halayyar more ga dabbobi fiye da na shuke-shuke) halitta wani aiki nau'i na motsi. Rayuwa al'amari ne ma daban-daban da marmarin cika dukan sarari.

A halayyar alama ne manyan sinadaran da morphological bambancin. Rayuwa al'amari, sabanin da har yanzu, ba su zama ba fãce wani ruwa ko gaseous matsakaici.

A yanayi akwai Tarwatsa jiki - mutum kwayoyin. Sun yi up rai al'amari. A wannan yanayin shi ne ba a duniya a daya morphologically tsarki tsari - a cikin irin alƙarya da kwayoyin wakiltar daya irin - shi ne ko da yaushe biocenosis.

Ci na canzawar ƙarnõni na samar da wani kayyade mahada zamani rai al'amari cewa wanzu a bayan shekaru daban-daban. Lokacin da wannan alama ne da wani tsarin juyin halitta. A wasu kalmomin, da haifuwa ne da za'ayi ba a kan tushen da cikakkar kwafin da al'ummomi, da kuma ta hanyar biochemical da morphological canje-canje.

Akwai biyar manyan ayyuka na rai al'amari.

1. Energy sha ne mai aiki da hasken rana makamashi ta hanyar photosynthesis, da kuma cikakken tare da bazuwar abubuwa - da sha na sinadaran makamashi.
2. A cikin shakka daga rai na wasu iri zabe jari na faruwa. Wannan yanayin da aka kira taro. Yana iya zama m karuwa a maida hankali a cikin matsakaici da aka gyara ko jari na wani takamaiman daya ko sauran kashi, ko na matsakaici.
3. Dangi aiki ne abiogenous mineralization kwayoyin abubuwa a bazuwar matattun inorganic kayayyakin da hannu a cikin nazarin halittu sake zagayowar kafa da aka gyara.
4. Yanayin kasa aiki ne a canji na zahiri da kuma sinadaran sigogi na muhalli.
5. Saboda da motsi na abinci interactions faruwa a manyan talakawa da abubuwa da kuma a kwance shugabanci da nauyi. Saboda haka, kai aikin aka yi.