Mikhail Bulgakov: aiki. List of ayyukan da kwanakin

Yau mun gaya muku game da rayuwa da kuma aiki na da sanannen mawãƙi kuma marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo, Mikhail Bulgakov, cikin jerin kayayyakin da za ka ga a karshen cikin labarin.

Wannan mutumin da aka haife May 3, 1891, a Kiev. Mahaifansa biyu da aka kyau-ilimi da kuma fasaha mutane. Uwarsa yi aiki a matsayin malami a preschools, da kuma sauke karatu daga tauhidin Academy mahaifin sanar a daban-daban makarantu. A karshen 1893 ya fara yi da aikinsu na Kyiv yankin m, tsakanin wanda shi ne yin katsalandan na adabi, ba kawai Rasha, amma kuma a cikin wasu harsunan. Amma Michael ta iyali da 'ya'ya biyar.

koyo

Bulgakov karatu a farko Alexander Gymnasium, wanda ya wani babban matakin da ilimi, da kuma a 1909 ya shiga Kiev University likita makaranta. Sa'an nan kuma, a shekara ta 1914, yakin duniya na farko. A 1916, bayan samun digiri, nan gaba marubuci ya yi aiki a wani filin asibiti a Cherepovets da Kamenetz-Podolsk. A watan Satumba na wannan shekara ya aka tuno daga gaban da kuma aika zuwa shugabanci yankunan karkara asibiti dake a lardin Smolensk.

Vyazemskij lokaci

A 1917, Bulgakov aka canjawa wuri zuwa Vyazma. Wannan rayuwa span aka nuna a cikin generated halitta, "Notes na matasa likita", a 1926. The ayyukan Bulgakov, jerin wanda aka bai kasa, ba shi yiwuwa su yi tunanin ba tare da wani ya ambaci wannan aiki. A protagonist na - a talented likita, mai tsage gaskiya ma'aikacin, sau da yawa ceton mutane a cikin alama m yanayi, shi ne sane da wuri na m manoma daga Smolensk kurãme kauyuka da kuma ji m canza wani abu ga mafi alhẽri.

juyin juya halin da

A juyin juya halin karya sabõda hanyarsa ta rayuwa. A muqala "Kyiv-City" (1923), da marubuci ya bayyana ra'ayinsa game da shi. Ya Notes cewa tare da juyin juya halin Musulunci canje-canje menacing kuma ba zato ba tsammani "ya zo da labarin." Bulgakov kebe daga aikin soja bayan da Oktoba juyin juya halin, ya koma Kiev, wanda aka zarar sun shagaltar da Jamus sojojin. A nan marubuci na nutsa cikin maelstrom na Civil War fara. The ayyukan Bulgakov, jerin wanda aka bai kasa, hada da halittar wadannan shekaru.

Bulgakov - likita

Tun da Mr Mikhail ya mai kyau likita, ya ayyuka da aka bukata, da kuma ta da sauran yaƙe jam'iyyun. Ko da yake shi a wani halin da ake ciki ya kasance da aminci ga humanist akida a zuciyarsa hankali ya fara kara fushi a kan zaluntar na fata da kuma Petlurites baya nuna a cikin labarun da "Night a na uku da lambar" da "tashi" a cikin labari "The White Guard" da kuma plays "Gudun" da "kwãnukan turbines." Gaskiya da yin likita wajibi, Bulgakov a marigayi 1919, ya zama wani unwitting shaida ga m laifuka a Vladikavkaz. Ƙi dauki bangare a cikin wannan yaki, a farkon 1920, ya yi murabus daga sojojin Denikin Bulgakov. Works, jerin wanda za ka ga a wannan labarin, ko ta wani hanya gani wadannan da sauran sada bayani.

wallafe-wallafen aiki

Mr Mikhail taba yanke shawarar da ya bar karatunsa a magani da kuma zuwa a fara rubuce-rubuce aiki da rubutu articles for gida jaridu. Da farko labarin, ya gama a cikin kaka na shekara ta 1919. A cikin hunturu na 1919-1920 da shi da aka rubuta da dama m labarbaru da labaru. A daya daga cikinsu, "haraji ga sha'awa," gaya labarin titi rikicin da suka faru a lokacin yakin basasa da kuma juyin juya halin Musulunci a Kiev.

Theatrical plays

Bulgakov jim kadan kafin White ritaya daga Vladikavkaz, tsanani da rashin lafiya tare da relapsing zazzabi. Ya gano a cikin bazara na 1920, lokacin da Red Army ya riga ya shagaltar da birnin. Tun daga nan, da marubuci ya fara yin hadin gwiwa tare da juyin juya halin Musulunci kwamitin, a reshe na zane-zane, rubuta ga Ingush da Ossetian troupes taka, nuna ra'ayi a kan juyin juya halin. Sun kasance sũ ne kawai a daya-rana agitation da aka halicce su, yafi domin tsira a wuya sau. Vladikavkaz Bulgakov kwaikwayo da aka nuna a cikin sanannen labari "Bayanan kula kan cuffs."

Motsi zuwa Moscow

Farko a Tbilisi, sa'an nan kuma a Batumi Bulgakov damar hijira. Amma ya san dole ne ya zama kusa da mutane a wannan lokaci da wuya ga kasar. Saboda haka, a 1921, Bulgakov koma Moscow. Tun lokacin da spring na 1922, da labarin karkashin marubucin bayyana a kai a kai a cikin Moscow mujallolin da kuma jaridu. A satirical makala da kuma wasu 'yan takardu nuna babban fasali na post-neman sauyi cikin al'umma. Babban abu na adabi satire ne nouveaux arziki-nepmen, wanda ya kira "amma kumfa na NEP" (short labarin "Cup of Life" da kuma "Trillioner"), kazalika da ciwon low matakin na al'adun mambobi na yawan: bazaar yan kasuwa, mazauna birnin Moscow da zamantakewa, da bureaucrats ma'aikata da sauransu. Mr Mikhail Notes da fasali na sabon lokaci. A daya daga makala akwai yaron ya dalibi (as wata alama ce sabon trends), tafiya tare titi tare da wani sabon knapsack.

"The Fatal Qwai"

"The Fatal Qwai" da aka buga a 1924, Bulgakov. Works, jerin wanda aka bai kasa, ba shi yiwuwa su yi tunanin ba tare da wani ya ambaci wannan labarin. Its mataki da aka dakatar da cikin m hasashen nan gaba, mafi daidai, a 1928. Sa'an nan NEP sakamakon ya zama na fili, ciki har da wani karfi Yunƙurin a cikin halin rayuwa, na yawan jama'ar. Peaches, babban jarumi na labarin, ya sanya mai girma samu wanda zai iya kawo babban amfani ga bil'adama. Amma a cikin hannãyenku daga cikin girman kai, Semi-jahilin mutane, tare da nascent burokrasi, ta shahara, a lokacin yaki kwaminisanci da kuma kara karfafa a cikin shekaru na NEP da wuri, da sabuwar dabara ne mai hatsari. Ba kawai lemo, amma kuma kusan duk heroes of litattafan Bulgakov 20s kasa. A cikin ayyukan Bulgakov ya nemi kai ga mai karatu da ra'ayin unavailability na zamani al'umma yarda sabon ka'idojin dangantakar bisa girmamawa ga aiki, da ilmi da al'adu.

"Gudun" da "kwãnukan turbines"

A cikin plays "Flight" da "kwãnukan turbines" (1925-1928 shekaru), marubucin Zagayawar da cewa duk da m hukumomi a cikin yakin basasa ne maƙiya a gare masana. A haruffa na waɗannan ayyuka ne da hankula wakilan da ake kira "sabon masana" da suka rungumi juyin juya hali na farko, ko matsa a hankali, kõ kuwa bayyane suka yi yaƙi da shi. Mr Mikhail dauki kansa a matsayin sabon Layer, kamar yadda da dara, ya rubuta a cikin fasalin labarin "Capital a littafin rubutu."

A wuri na marubuci

M ga canji, na ji rashin adalci, kunyi shakka wajibcin da matakan, amma ba ta gushe ba to imani da mutane, a cikin mutum Bulgakov. Works, a jerin abin da muka bayar, an nuna. Suka tambaye tare da shi da kuma dandana haruffan a cikin ayyukansu, wanda aka sadu da zargi unkindly. A hare-haren a kan marubuci a 1929 tsananta. Su da aka cire daga scene duk abin da ya plays: "Crimson Island," "kwãnukan turbines" da "Zoyka Apartment". Kasancewa a cikin wani mawuyacin hali, da marubuci yanke shawarar da ya rubuta wata wasika zuwa ga gwamnatin, wanda ya nemi izinin barin kasar. Jim kadan bayan tattaunawar da Stalin, bayan da Bulgakov aka nada darektan na Moscow Art wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin mataimakinsa. Re-ya bayyana a kan matakai na halitta na Bulgakov ta kwaikwaiyo, da kuma bayan wani lokaci - da kuma sake enactment na "Matattu Rayukan" (Bulgakov).

Dukan ayyukan, da jerin wanda aka gabatar a kasa, an jera a cikin wannan labarin, a shekara-shekara domin, daga inda ba za ka iya ganin cewa, bayan shekara ta 1927 a buga ba ya bayyana wani karin Lines daga cikin marubucin, kamar yadda ya kasance memba na jerin dakatar. Duk da wannan, Mr Mikhail ya bar gida. Yana da yake a kasar mu halitta dukan ayyukan Bulgakov. List of shekaru da rubuce-rubuce da kuma sunayensu koma zuwa karshen labarin.

"Jagora, kuma Margarita"

A shekara ta 1933, marubucin ƙoƙari buga wani labari da aka sanya "Life of Monsieur de Moliere" a cikin jerin "Zaune na fice Mutane", amma kuma zata maye. Up har mutuwarsa, Mr Mikhail yanzu ba a kokarin buga da ayyukansu. Wannan lokaci ya kishin aiki a kan samfurin na "The Master kuma Margarita" labari, wanda ya zama daya daga cikin mafi girma nasarori a duniya na, litattafan na 20th karni. Don aiki dauki shekaru 12 na rayuwar Bulgakov.

Farkon juyi na samfurin da jũna a gare shi arancinsu nasara, don haka a cikin 'yan shekaru sai ya koma kuma da sake wa haruffa, rikice-rikice da kuma fito da sabon al'amuran. Kawai a cikin 1932, da labari ya samu labarin cikawa.

A cikin 'yan shekaru, Bulgakov, ko da yake, da kuma ci gaba da aiki, har yanzu ba a buga. Yana rurrushe, kuma shi ya haddasa wani exacerbation da cutar da kuma m farkon mutuwa. Bulgakov ya mutu a kan Maris 10, 1940, kuma an binne shi a Moscow, da Novodevichy hurumi.

List of ayyukan Bulgakov da kwanakin

labarai:

- "Bayanan kula kan cuffs":

• 1922 - "The m Kasadar Dr.", "Red Crown", "Dare a na uku da lambar".
• 1923 - tarihin kasar Sin "," Raid "," Bayanan kula kan cuffs ".
• 1924 - "La Boheme."

- "Notes na matasa likita":

• 1925 - "Baftisma nuna", "Masar duhu".
• 1926 - "tawul da wani zakara", "Blizzard", "Babu Eye", "taurarin rash", kazalika da dab da sake zagayowar daga cikin labarin, "Na kashe shi".
• 1927 - dab da sake zagayowar da labaru "Morphine".

Mikhail Bulgakov rubuta daban-daban ayyukan. A jerin labaru daga abin da muka riga aka jera, kari litattafan da plays.

litattafan:

• 1924 - "The White Guard".
• 1962 - "The Life of Monsieur de Moliere".
• 1965 - "Notes marigayin".
• 1967 - "The Master kuma Margarita".

taka:

• 1925 - "Zoyka Apartment".
• 1925 - "Accounting dunkulallen hannu".
• 1926 - "kwãnukan turbines".
• 1930 - "The Cabal munafukai".
• 1955 - "Alexander Pushkin".
• 1962 - "Run".
• 1965 - "Ivan".
• 1965 - "Crazy Jourdain".
• 1966 - "ni'ima".
• 1977 - "Batum".
• 1986 - "yaki da zaman lafiya".
• 1986 - "Matattu Rayukan".

Waɗannan su ne babban halittun da cewa halitta Bulgakov. Works, jerin wanda aka gabatar muku ba iyakance zuwa sama. A nan mun ba a hada satires, articles, makala, da kuma wasu ayyuka, don samun matsahi na saba da cewa kuma zai zama da amfani.

Films dogara ne a kan ayyukan Bulgakov, cikin jerin abin da aka kayyade a sama, halitta mai yawa na cikin gida da kuma waje kera. Cikin shahararrun fim karbuwa "The Master kuma Margarita" - Alexander Petrovich, George Curry da Vladimir Bortko, halitta a Rasha.