Stendhal: biography da kuma aiki. ban sha'awa facts

Mun bayar ga samun matsahi na saba da rayuwa da kuma aiki mai girma marubuci. Su halittun ya sa hannu kan "Stendhal". A biography wannan marubuci, kamar aikinsa, mutane da yawa sun sha'awar yau. Duk da haka, ba kowa da kowa ya san cewa ya real name ya Marie Anri Beyl. A marubuci kokarin wani lokacin don usurp da lakabi na nobility, sau da yawa shiga a matsayin "Anri De Beyle." Kila Ina yi haka, kuma Zhyulen Sorel, sanannen jarumi na littafinsa.

Origin Stendhal

Na m bourgeois iyali zo Stendhal, wanda biography aka nuna a cikin ayyukan da ya halitta. A Grenoble, a wata dokar da ofishin, mahaifinsa ya bauta. A 1783 da aka haife shi a nan gaba marubuci. Da uwarsa mutu 7 shekaru daga baya, da barin ilimi na uba kuma inna Seraphic ɗansa. Stendhal ƙi biyu. Mahaifinsa hypochondriac kauri, unsympathetic mutum. Stendhal binta farkon ilimi na firistoci. Wannan shi ne babban dalilin da ya anti-clericalism. A adawa da mahaifinsa da kuma ruhaniya shugabannin kafa hali na marubuci.

Character kuma mutuntakarsa Stendhal

Very narcissistic, m, m, m kuma undisciplined riba Stendhal. Tarihinsa ne ba kawai ban sha'awa events a rayuwarka, amma kuma ta ciki duniya na marubuci. Wadanda suka san shi da kyau, mutane ce yana da secretive, m da kawaicin da nake yi da kuma sirrinka. Stendhal da wani bakin ciki da kuma m rai. Haƙĩka, ƙiyayya da zaluncin da aka daya daga cikin manyan siffofin halinsa. A wannan Stendahl ya yi shakka cikin 'yanci ƙungiyoyi. Ya tausaya tare da Carbonari kuma ko da taimaka musu, amma ba su yi imani da cewa su aiki zai kai ga sakamako mai kyau. Babu wani hadin kai a tsakanin ci hakar gwal: wasu mafarkin na wani jumhuriya, da sauran son ganin daular mulkinsu a ƙasar.

Ilimi a Jamhuriyar School da lokaci ciyar a Paris

Masu juna biyu kakan, likita da sana'a, karfafa sha'awar ga wallafe-wallafe. Ya kasance mutum tare da mai kyau m iyawa. Lokacin da Stendhal ya shekaru 13 da haihuwa, ya aka aika zuwa karatu a Jamhuriyar School, wanda ya a Grenoble. Ga shi sosai daban-daban a cikin ilmin lissafi. Ya ko da annabta da horo a Paris Ecole Polytechnique m. A 1799, Stendhal zo, ranar bayan juyin mulkin, bayan da Napoleon ya zama mai mulkin Faransa. Bayle, kuma ya manta game da niyya kafin su sami sana'a na injiniya, garzaya fuskõkinsu, zuwa fadar kasada, ya kãma kasar. Daru, wani m dan uwan nan gaba marubuci, wanda daga baya ya zama sakataren harkokin, da ke cikin babban tagomashi da Napoleon. Ya sanya Stendhal coci ofishin, wanda ya dauki a soja hedkwatar. Duk da haka, wannan aikin da aka yi yawa m ga shi. Sun Henry, wanda kawai ya juya 17 years old, na gaba shekara karbi sanin subleytenanta. Ya aka aika zuwa Italiya. A wancan lokaci, akwai da aka sanya Faransa sojojin.

Rayuwa a Italiya

Beyle san kome ba game da wannan kasa, wanda ya zama na biyu gida bayan haka, kazalika da scene na daya daga cikin mafi shahara da kuma most of littafan. Boy ganin darajarsa duk a nan: Correggio zanen, music Cimarosa, Italiyanci wasar kwaikwayo ta waka. Italian halin, ya ma samu m. Ya sũranta su a gare shi fiye da niyya, m, da kuma kasa m fiye da Faransa. Italiya, musamman Milan da Roma, don haka ƙaunar da Bailey, ya ko da ya so ya sassaƙa wadannan kalmomi a kan dutsen kabari: "Enrico Beyle, Milanese." Beyle fadi cikin soyayya tare da na gida mata. Tun wannan lokaci da zaman rayuwar da ya zama labarinsa kagaggun amorous Kasadar.

jama'a sabis

wadannan shekaru sun kasance sosai aiki. Stendhal, biography da kerawa da mu da damuwa, a 1806 sake shigar da sabis, shan administrative post a shagaltar da Faransa Brunswick. A nan sai ya fara koyon Jamus. Stendhal aka kyau samu a mai kyau al'umma. Girmama waɗanda suke a gẽfensa, flattered shi, amma ya rasa da oda. Beyle baya tafiya a baje a Austria da Jamus. Ya aka aika zuwa Vienna tare da gwamnatin manufa. Ya kuma tafi ya Rasha bayan da sarki. A Rasha Bayle halarta Borodino da Battle of Smolensk. Ya halarci wani wuta a Moscow. Sa'an nan, ya jũya bãya a Yammacin Turai, tare da Faransa sojojin. Napoleon ta daular rushe, kuma Bayle bar Faransa a lokacin da Paris fadi. Ya gane cewa ya kawo karshen aiki a gwamnatin da'irori.

Mayar da wallafe-wallafen aikin

A jihar yanzu gudanar da Bourbons. Beyle koma zuwa wallafe-wallafen aiki. Tun daga nan, ya zama da aka sani Frederick Stendhal. Brief biography tsufa alama da halittar da yawa ƙwarai. Rubuta a cikin 1820s, ayyukansa quite bambance bambancen. Daga cikin su sun kasance cikin tarihin rayuwa da girma composers (a 1817 - littafin "The Life of Haydn, Mozart da Metastasio", a 1824 - "The Life of Rossini"); da kuma wani rubutun na 1812 "Game da love". da kuma "History of zanen a Italiya", rubuta a 1817. da kuma "Tafiya a Roma" a 1829.

Bugu da kari, ya buga a mujallu a London da Paris daban-daban articles. Wannan ne nata biography Stendhal wadannan shekaru. Daga m jobs dogara da rayuwarsa a Faransa, Ingila da Italiya.

Translation a Civitavecchia

Don kursiyin a 1830, aka gina Lui Filipp, sarki-bourgeois. Yanzu kafin Stendhal ya zama zai yiwu a sake yin jama'a sabis. Sa'an nan, a cikin 1830, ya zama jakadan a Trieste. Ga da Austria hukuma ba na son shi ya m suna. Stendhal aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga Papal States a Civitavecchia. Ya gano karin suna fadin albashi fiye da da. Amma a nan ya jifa daga Roma ta fi so.

Bugu da ari tabarbarewar kiwon lafiya da kuma rayuwa na Stendhal

A takaice, za mu yi magana game da dalilin da ya sa Stendhal ya shirya domin consulship, kasancewa yanzu daga gida. Ya zauna a cikin wannan matsayi har mutuwarsa, ko da yake ya sau da yawa ya zama tafi na dogon lokaci saboda matalauta kiwon lafiya. Saboda shi ba, sau da yawa dauki dogon hutu da kuma koma gida. Daya daga cikin su dade shekaru uku (daga 1836 zuwa 1839). Musamman wuya su ne na karshe shekaru na rayuwa da wannan marubuci. Ko a cikin matasa da ya kamu da syphilis. Wannan rashin lafiya sanya kanta ji rauni da kuma rashin iyawa ga cikakken aiki.

Litattafan "Red da kuma Black" da "Red and White"

labari "The Red da kuma Black" da aka halitta a bara ta sarautar Charles X. A 1831, a lokacin bazawa na wannan littafin, shi ya riga ya zama wanda aka rabu amfani, a kalla a game da Bourbons zargi. Amma Stendhal sunan yau ake dangantawa da farko tare da wannan labari. Yana da aka halitta bisa real events a 1830. Literary dogon amsa tambaya me ya sa marubucin ya ba da wannan sunan ga aikinsa. Duka wadannan launuka tunatar da mu mutuwa, zubar da jini da kuma bala'i. A hade da baki da kuma aji ne ma hade da akwatin gawa upholstery. A cikin ban tausayi na karshe buga masu karatu da sosai sunan samfur.

5 shekaru bayan halittar wannan Stendahl rubuta labari "Red and White". Yana da wani hadari da kama da sunayen biyu ayyukansu. Bugu da ƙari kuma, abun da kuma suna daga cikin sabon labari ya bayyana wa wasu har baya take. Mafi m, wani mawallafi nufi ba mutuwa, da kuma low haihuwa Julien Sorel, protagonist. White kuma nuna Elite, wakilin wanda shi ne protagonist na 2nd labari, Lyusen Leven. A ja - wata alama ce da ƙararrawa lokaci a cikin abin da suka zauna, wadannan biyu haruffa.

sabon ayyukansu

Stendhal ga na gaba shekaru goma Ya halitta biyu autobiographical ayyukansu: a 1832 - "Memoirs na wani egoist," a 1835-36 - "The Life of Henri Brulard" a cikin 1834-35 biennium. - labari "Lyusen Leven" zauna ba a kare ba. Ba so hadarin sake da jami'an ofishin jakadanci post, da ya yanke shawarar ba a buga ayyukansa a lokacin da yake rayuwa. A 1839, na biyu fitacciyar Stendhal aka bayar (bayan "Red da kuma Black") - "Charterhouse na Parma". Wannan shi ne wani labarin na rikici da kasada, faruwa a Italiya.

Koma zuwa Paris da kuma mutuwa

Marubuci a 1841 ya dawo ya Paris, inda ya yi wani bugun jini. Duk da haka, ya ci gaba da rubuta har mutuwarsa, dictating da ayyukansu. Rubuta su a kan nasu ne ba iya Stendhal. Tarihinsa ƙare Maris 1842, a lokacin da ya rasu a bugun jini bayan dogon rashin lafiya. Stendhal mutu a Paris.

Abin da shugabanci da adabi na nufin marubuci Frederick Stendhal?

Biography, wanda kuka kawai karanta, ya ba da wani janar ra'ayin Stendhal ta rayuwa. Kuma abin da suke da halaye na aikinsa? Bari mu amsa ga wannan tambaya. Long ya hanyar wannan marubuci ya yi bajinta. Stendhal ce cewa ya rubuta ayyukansa "ga m kaɗan." Ya annabta cewa ba a baya fiye da 1880 shekara zai zo da shi ɗaukaka. Kuma Stendhal da yake daidai. Mai yiwuwa babbar gazawar shi ne cewa ya ba shige zuwa cikin daya ko wani wallafe-wallafen stereotype cewa wanzu a cikin lokaci. Stendhal aka rabu da mawallafa na 18th karni soyayya sebyalyubtsam heroes kamar Napoleon. Duk da haka, ba za a iya kira da kuma romantic marubuci. Wannan marubuci rasa duka biyu sentimentality Lamartine, kuma Hugo ta almara ikon yinsa. Kawai a lokacin da wadannan Figures sun bar wani wallafe-wallafen pedestal, ya bayyana abin da gaskiya yawa na marubuci ta ban sha'awa mana - a cikin m da labarun almara. Godiya ga shi, dukan duniya shahara Stendhal.

Biography, a takaice daga cikin ayyukan wannan marubucin, m articles game da shi - duk da wannan, kuma da yawa na amfani a yau godiya ga aiki. Shakka shi ne daya daga Stendhal Faransa litattafansu. Domin karin hankali sanad da mai karatu tare da shi, da mu da kuma an halitta Biography Stendhal sama. Na shekara-shekara tebur na rayuwa da kuma aiki, wanda a wasu litattafan yana da iyaka bayanai game da shi, ba ya samar da bayanai game da rayuwar sa, shi kuskure da yawa muhimmanci bayani. Biography, da abin da kuka kawai hadu, free daga wadannan disadvantages.