Yanina Platonovich Platonov: biography da kuma aiki, photos

Daga cikin marubutan akwai wadanda aikin da aka ba a gane ga rayukansu, saboda shi ba ya daidai da ra'ayoyi da ya lokaci. Amma yana daukan shekaru ko shekarun da suka gabata, da kuma ayyukansu sun cancanci wuri a cikin tarihin wallafe-wallafe. Wadannan marubuta sun hada da Platonovich Andrei Platonov biography wanda yake da hali a batu. Ya rayu a wuya rayuwa. Ya m ayyukansu sun sha wahala duka bayan duka. Kuma kawai a cikin 80-ies na XX zuwa karni na duniya fitarwa shi ya zo.

Shimfiɗar jariri, da kuma samartaka

Yanina Platonovich Platonov, wanda biography fara a 1899, an haife shi a wani matalauci iyali da 'ya'ya da yawa tashar locksmith Klimentova (real name Platonov) a birnin Voronezh. yaro ya ƙaddara armashi a hanyoyi masu yawa. Constant bukatun da damuwar da 'yan'uwa da tilasta yaron yana da shekaru 14 shekaru don fara aiki a tashar jirgin tare da mahaifinsa. Akwai ya tasowa da dama fasahohin.

Ilimi Andrei Rakhmanov samu a kanta makaranta, da kuma bayan na fara aiki a tashar, ya yi karatu da kuma aiki a layi daya. Wannan ya nuna cewa ko da a cikin wani mawuyacin hali, na taimaka wa iyali, sai ya taba rasa ya ƙishirwa ga ilimi, amma maimakon su koyi sababbin sana'a ga kansa da kuma karatu. Around lokaci guda shi ya fara da m aiki Andrey Platonovich. Babu shakka, da wuya aikin a tashar matsayin tashar kanta, quite ajiye a zukatan saurayin sa'an nan sau da yawa ya bayyana a cikin aikinsa.

Labor da kuma wallafe-wallafen

Next, Andrey Platonovich Platonov, biography, kuma m aiki ne a wata sosai a farkon lokacin da aka hankali lauye da wuya da kuma wuya rayuwa, ya fara aiki fruitfully a matsayin 'yar jarida kuma marubuci. A lokaci guda ya yi karatu a Voronezh Polytechnic University da kuma aiki a tashar jirgin. Undoubted wallafe-wallafen iyawa ne riga da ya bayyana a wannan lokaci. The haske ke fita daga cikin tarin waqe "Blue zurfin" (1922).

Brief biography Platonova Andreya Platonovicha ya ci gaba da rayuwarsa a wannan lokaci da aka kai tsaye alaka aiki domin amfanin daga cikin Voronezh lardin. Ya har yanzu bai gushe ba to aiki a tashar jirgin, a Bugu da kari, ƙasar kyautata aiki. Ya bukatun masu kama da bukatun na da yawa matasa. Yana so ya canza duniya, ya yi ĩmãni da fasaha ci gaba. Shi ne muhimmi a cikin saurayi maximalism, wanda yana da kyau duba wurin da a da ya wallafa ayyukansu.

Abin mamaki, da aikin da ya ba su manta game da rubuce-rubuce. Labarunsa suna cike da wannan yaro ta'addanci da ĩmãni a fasaha ci gaba, amma kada ka manta game da shi, kuma a 'yan qasar kauye domin kansu. Bugu da kari, ya rayayye ya rubuta ga jaridu da mujallu a Voronezh, shi da aka buga a cikin Moscow jarida.

Biography Platonova Andreya Platonovicha har yanzu cike da Tsayayyar wallafe-wallafen aiki, ya wallafa ya labaru game da kauyen "a star Desert" (1921) da kuma "Chuldik da Epishka" (1920). Amma ya inventive hankali rayayye bayyana a cikin rubuce-rubuce da kuma sakamakon a almarar kimiyya labaru da kuma litattafan: "The zuriyar Sun" (1922), "Markun" (1922) "Moonlight Bomb" (1926).

Moscow

Ci gaba da shirya mana a takaice dai biography Platonova Andreya Platonovicha. A 1927, shi da iyalinsa ya koma birnin Moscow. A yanke shawara ya cika m, Platonov bar aiki a tashar jirgin da dukansa ba wallafe-wallafen aiki.

Hayayyafa da wallafe-wallafen aiki ne 'ya'ya, da kuma hasken da ke fita da labarin "Epifanskie mashigar", wanda daga baya ya ba ta sunan ga dukan tarin labaru. A cikin ayyukan da cewa lokaci da yawa daga cikin matsananci gaskiya na Rasha a wancan lokaci. Author unvarnished bita ta yaro idealist da maximalist ra'ayoyi, da sukar da kansa.

Bugu da kari ya zargi da zamantakewa masana'anta na lokaci Platonov magana sharply Tsattsauran a cikin bene, a wannan batun, hasken ke fita ƙasida "Antiseksus" (1928). Ga marubucin ridicules gurguzu ideas na ba-jiki soyayya a cikin ni'imar harkar amfani aiki. Author quite gabagaɗi, ya bayyana ga ikon da ta ideas.

A lokaci guda suka kafa wata kaucewa musamman style Platonov, da babban alama wanda, abin mamaki, shi ne wani harshe-daura da kuma directness da kalmomi da phrases. Saboda wannan m da gaske musamman style kalmomi suna juya zuwa ga karatu da gaskiya ma'anar. Irin wannan hanya rubuta ba, babu daya a Rasha wallafe-wallafe.

Bugu da kari ga style, Platonov canza na ginin jumla bangaren da ayyukansu. Yanzu tsohon maximalism da wani imani da wani haske nan gaba ba da hanya ga wani falsafa nema domin ma'anar rayuwa ta har abada. Heroes na Platonov ayyukan ne m, m, neman mutane, matafiya, eccentrics,? Ir, brooding, eccentric makadaita.

A wannan jijiya biography Platonova Andreya Platonovicha tasowa da kuma aka nuna a cikin buga a lokacin da ya alkalami ayyukansu - a cikin labarin "Yamskaya Sloboda" a shekara ta 1927, misali. Yana da wani irin alkawarin da ta tsohon rustic style, amma bita da kuma reworked ƙarƙashin rinjayar da sabon falsafa. "Grado" a 1928 - shi ne mai satire a kan Soviet burokrasi. "Asirin Man" a 1928 game da wanderings wani mutum wanda yayi tunani game da kasancewa kan bango na wani bugãwa yakin basasa. A cikin wadannan ayyuka Platonov shaci kokarinsa algorithm na zama sosai a fili gani a rayuwar mutum, ta fragility da kuma kawance na nau'i nau'i.

Criticism da cuta

Ba abin mamaki cewa a lokacin wannan litattafan da aka ba a gane da hukumomi. Pretty da ewa ba, Andrey Platonovich Platonov, wanda biography da haka bai kasance mai sauqi, ya fita daga aiki, a rubuce. Yana duk ya fara da cewa manufofin dangane da adabi da yawa tsaurara, wanda ya zo daidai da littafin da muqala "Che-Che-O" da labarin "Usomnivshiysya Makar" a shekara ta 1929, bayan da Plato da aka zarge individualist anarchism. Yana bai daina buga. Canja halin da ake ciki iya ba ko da Maxim Gorky, to wanda Plato kira da taimako.

Haunted marubuci, kuma m matsaloli. Iyalinsa ya dade da aka hana su gidansu, kuma wannan tilasta wani dogon lokaci zuwa yawo a takalman Apartment. Shi ne kawai a shekarar 1931, samu wani m gida - wani outbuilding a qasaita a kan Tverskoy babban titi. A yau shi ne a wallafe-wallafen Institute mai suna bayan Herzen. Hard sau da kin amincewa da hukumomin, ba shakka, da mummunan tasiri a kan halin da ake ciki na iyali.

rashin ma'aikacin

Duk da dukan rikitaccen ja wuya, Platonov ya ci gaba da aiki a kan labari "Chevengur", amma lalle labari a cikin haske kasa saki a lokacin. Wannan ya faru ne kawai a cikin shekara ta 1971, a birnin Paris, bayan marubucin mutuwa.

Da abun ciki na labari ya bayyana a utopian ƙungiya Chevengur da kuma rayuwa a cikin ta haruffa, wanda zo bayan dogon wanderings da wahalai. Rayuwa a cikin al'umma da gaske m, duk suna farin ciki da kuma masu daidaita. Kamar wani m gani an hallaka tare da isowa daga cikin sojojin da kuma sojojin da suka hallaka dukan mazaunan, da Municipality da. Romance, kuma duk da cewa shi ke faruwa - shi ne mai gani na gaskiya, wanda shi ne Plato. Hakika, da gaskiya ba haka ba ne Rosy kamar yadda za mu so, amma kama tsakanin sosai ri. Bugu da kari, da labari Platonov ba ya rasa ta kamfanoni ainihi da kuma harshe. Wasu masu sukar ce cewa wannan hanya na gabatar ba nasara, kuma ya hana da samfurin ganin labarin line.

thirties

Yanina Platonovich Platonov, wanda biography ne a hankali da nasaba da siyasa canje-canje a kasar, mafi fili nuna da ya wallafa a cikin gwaninta a thirties karni na ashirin da. A 1930, Platonov saki ya babbar fitacciyar - da labarin "Rami", wanda za a buga a karon farko kawai a shekarar 1987. Wannan gurguzu dystopia, ya gaya labarin wani gaza masana'antu, da ban tausayi rushewar kwaminisanci da ta ideas. A cikin labarin, maimakon fadar aka gina a kaburbura. Brodsky rubuta cewa Plato sallama kansa zamanin harshe.

samu karaya

A halin yanzu, zaman halin da ake ciki a kasar suna tightening, shi ya ba an kare da Platonov. A wannan lokaci ya wallafa labarin "a kantin sayar da", abin da ya bayyana gaza collectivization, kazalika da labarin "datti iska" to anti-farkisanci jigogi. Abin baƙin ciki, da farko samu matsananci kima na Stalin, na biyu ma ya kasa yin ta sakamako. Yanina Platonovich Platonov, wanda biography, don haka da marubuci ba farin ciki farin ciki lokaci, kuma hõre tsananta. Ya aka sake tsaya bugawa.

A cikin tsakiyar thirties na karni na ashirin, Andrey Platonovich Platonov, a takaice biography ne cike da matsaloli a wannan lokaci, a lokacin da, ya rubuta cewa mafi yawa a tebur, saboda shi ba a buga.

Duk abin a kan tebur

Duk da wannan, ya aiki mai yawa da kuma shi ne mai dausayi. Created labari "Happy Moscow" yanki "da mahaifinsa murya." Ya kuma rubuta da yawa articles a kan wallafe-wallafen marubuta kamar Pushkin, Paustovsky, Akhmatova, Greene, Hemingway da kuma sauransu. Next, ƙirƙirar labarin "na yara Sea", taken nan ne kusa da "tushe rami" da "Chevengur", sa'an nan akwai wani wasa - "Jukebox".

A cikin ayyukansu Platonov aka motsi daga zamantakewa al'amurran da suka shafi da kuma Saide ruhaniya abubuwan da wasanin kwaikwayo. Ya rubuta dukan jerin lyrical gajejjeran labaru, ciki har da "The River Potudan" "Aphrodite" da "Clay House a lardin lambu" da "Frau". Ga marubucin reinforces da m tallan kayan kawa na haruffa, mai zurfin karatu daga wanda aka maye gurbin marubucin m hali su kaunaci.

Yana fili cewa marubuci ba mai sauki sunan Andrey Platonovich Platonov biography. Ga yara, ya kuma rubuta, da kuma sosai nasarar, babban misali na wannan - da labarin "zuriyar" na tausayi da orphanhood.

A cikin shekaru 1933-35 tafiya zuwa Turkmenistan Andrey Platonovich Platonov. Brief biography na marubuci sanar da game da wannan. A karkashin kwaikwayo na tafiya, sai ya rubuta cikin labarin "Jan" a cikin wani iri peculiar zuwa zamantakewa bala'i da sabon lyrical rubutu. M jũya daga magana, kuma ko da zvukopis a cikin wannan aikin yin shi da wani abin mamaki arziki da kuma rhythmic.

Ku busa ta buga

A 1937, ya shirya wani suma hango na aikin marubuci da sunan Andrey Platonovich Platonov. Biography, a takaice abin da aka saita fito a cikin labarin, alama m aukuwa a gare shi. Marubuci wallafa tarin da ya gajejjeran labaru, "The River Potudan". Amma marubucin tsammanin ba su hadu. Tarin an soki. Bugu da kari, a 1938, da kawai dan Platonov aka qirqiro harka, da kuma Guy aka kama.

yaki

A lokacin yakin, Andrey Platonovich Platonov, biography, ban sha'awa facts daga rai wanda ya ko da yaushe sha'awar da magoya, zama ɗan jarida na jaridar "Red Star". Amma a nan, ya labarin "Family Ivanov" Ya sa karfi rashin biyan bukata da aka gane da ƙarya da zunubi da Soviet iyali.

A karshe shekaru ransa

Bayan da yaki, Andrey Platonovich Platonov, biography, photos da sauran facts na rayuwa wanda ya tafi zuwa ga zuriyarsu, kuma ba zai iya samun mayalwaci a cikin wallafe-wallafe. A wani yunkurin yi hakikanin rai, ya rubuta bambancin kan Rasha jama'a tãtsũniyõyin. Bugu da kari, ya halicci play "Jirgin Nuhu". Duk da haka, lokacin da ba ya ba shi damar zama m lokacin da yake rayuwa. A shekarar 1951, Platonov mutu daga tarin fuka, kamuwa da ɗansa, wanda aka saki daga sansanin.

fitarwa

Platonov aka ba a gane ta da Sahaban. Duk da haka, a shekarar 1980 ya m asali sa shi a duk duniya ban sha'awa. Its ban mamaki da harshen da style of gabatar, kazalika da wuya rai tafiya karshe na samo ya Raya Makon da aka nuna godiya. Ko da yake ba tukuna aka buga a shi, da yawa daga cikin ayyukan Platonov yau.