Mene ne taxonomy a ilmin halitta? Biology: Shuka systematics

Kada ka tuna da ilmin halitta darasi "Systematics da rarrabuwa na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta"? Idan ba, sa'an nan mu labarin ne a gare ku. Za mu samu matsahi na saba da batun wannan kimiyya da kuma fadada a kan kungiyoyin na shuke-shuke da filaye a kan su wadda aka yi a hade.

Mene ne taxonomy a ilmin halitta

A bambancin da rayayyun kwayoyin halitta a duniya ne kawai ban mamaki. Just tunanin, a cikin zamani lokaci 8.7 miliyan jinsunan da aka sani ga masana kimiyya. Sun ƙware kome Oréal mazauninsu daga ruwa jikinsu da kuma ƙasa zuwa parasitic zama cikin rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. Tun da akwai wani kimiyya da zai iya streamline wannan bambancin, wanda ƙwarai Sauki aiwatar da su binciken lokaci.

Mene ne taxonomy? Gabatarwa a cikin ilmin halitta da kuma daban-daban amfanin ba yawa ma'anar wannan ra'ayi. Za mu mayar da hankali a kan mafi daidai. Systematics - da kimiyya na Diversity da rarrabuwa na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. A Girkanci da wannan sunan ne fassara a matsayin "ma'ana".

A farko yunkurin ƙungiya kwayoyin dangane janar halayen da ya yi niyya Aristotle Theophrastos. Saboda haka, abin da yake cikin taxonomy a ilmin halitta, aka sani a cikin tarihin duniya.

The kafa taxonomy aka dauke su a Swedish masanin kimiyya Karl Linney. Shi ya gabatar da kimiyya na biyu ko binary, sunayen shuke-shuke da dabbobi. Don wannan rana, da naúrar na rarrabuwa ne bayyanar. Ga misali, da azurfa poplar, balm, kowa plantain.

Mulkin yanayi

Systematics - wani category a ilmin halitta, wanda hadawa da kwayoyin cikin kungiyoyin na irin wannan halaye. Suna da ake kira halittun. A mafi karami daga cikin waɗannan ne view, kuma mafi girma - mulki. Tsakanin su akwai matsakaici halittun. Alal misali, wata shuka ne a HALITTAR, iyali, domin, aji da kuma division.

Shin biyar mulkokin halitta:

• Tsire-tsire halin autotrophic hanyar wadata, da gaban da kore pigment chlorophyll a Kwayoyin iya photosynthesis, a haɗe salon Unlimited girma.
• Animals ta hanyar ciyar ne heterotrophic, rayayye motsa, girma a cikin size kawai a wani lokaci.
• Namomin kaza - wani rukuni na kwayoyin, wanda ya mamaye wani tsaka-tsaki matsayi tsakanin shuke-shuke da dabbobi. Yana hadawa da siffofin duka biyu da mulkoki. Alal misali, kamar tsire-tsire, fungi suna a haɗe salon. Kamar haka suka ciyar da shirya da kwayoyin abubuwa kamar dabbobi.
• Kwayoyin cutar - single-celled microscopic kwayoyin cewa ba sun bayar da tsakiya.
• Ƙwayoyin cuta - maras salula rayuwa siffofin. Wadannan nucleic acid kwayoyin suna kafa, kewaye da mai gina jiki gashi.

Biology, Grade 6: taxonomy na shuke-shuke

Yanzu mukalli a rarrabuwa na da wakilan da shuka mulkin. Mun riga san cewa irin wannan taxonomy a ilmin halitta da kuma abin da musamman siffofin suke da daraja wakilan wannan mulkin. Abin da kungiyar da aka ware a cikin shi?

Biology da taxonomy na mafi girma shuke-shuke suna dauke biyu: ƙananan kuma mafi girma. na farko rukuni na wadannan tsire-tsire ba ta samar tsokoki da kuma gabobin. Wadannan sun hada da duk algae. Wannan shi ne mafi m shuke-shuke, wanda da farko ya bayyana a duniya.

Kamar yadda suka shiga ƙasar da shuke-shuke fara samar da kyallen takarda da kuma gabobin. Ba tare da shi, su zama ba zai yiwu ba a cikin sabon yanayi. Saboda haka a cikin tsarin juyin halitta na da wani mafi girma da shuke-shuke.

ƙananan tsire-tsire

Mene ne taxonomy a ilmin halitta? Shi ne kuma kimiyya da damar don bambanta da babban halayyar fasali na kwayoyin. Domin shuke-shuke a cikin general - shi ne autotrophic hanyar cin abinci don m - babu qware Kwayoyin. Domin algae, su duk da wannan tsarin. Hada su kawai anatomically, amma ba aikin.

algae jiki da ake kira sharuddan "thallus", "Slano" ko "thallium". Kuma maimakon a tushen suna da rhizoids. Suna iya zama guda, ko kwayar kuma mulkin mallaka. Bayan da pigment chlorophyll, algae Kwayoyin iya ƙunsar dyes na wasu launuka. Dangane da wannan rarrabe sassan na kore, ja da launin ruwan kasa, zinariya algae. Amma wakilan Diatom kewaye da wani harsashi na silica. shi aka yi ta hanyar takware metabolism.

Higher: halayyar siffofin

A farko baƙi a ƙasar da ba tukuna ya da wani real nama. Suka har yanzu kiyaye rhizoids, da kuma gudun hijira ke kwance, kuma forked rassan. A ci gaba da tsire-tsire tsira da waɗanda gaɓoɓin jiki wanda ya yarda aka yi a tsaye matsayi. Wannan na samar da wani mafi tasiri yanayi na abin da ya faru na photosynthesis. Saboda haka a cikin sama shuke-shuke da ciwon qware Kwayoyin kuma tsokoki - inji, conductive, murfin kuma core.

A mafi m mambobin wannan naúrar ne a tsare spore. Su na zamani iri suna wakilta hudu ƙungiyoyin: Moho-, Plauno-, Hvosche- da fern. Su na kowa siffofin ne leafy tsarin da mafaka, haifuwa ta hanyar spores, da sãɓãwar a cikin rayuwar sake zagayowar na jima'i da kuma asexual zamaninsu.

A iri-iri iri

More ci-gaba fasali na tsarin ne iri shuke-shuke. Sunan kanta yayi magana game da daya daga cikin hanyoyi na haifuwa. Tsaba, da bambanci ga shawarwari, da babba wadata da na gina jiki. Su taimaka wa wani ya fi dacewa germination da kuma ci gaban matasa shuke-shuke.

A cikin wannan kungiyar ne biyu systematics sashen: gymnosperms da angiosperms. Wakilai na farko ne spruce, Pine, fir, Juniper, kinkgo, Welwitschia. Su tsaba ci gaba a kan mazugi Sikeli bude, danda. Wannan yanayin kayyade sunan taxon. Gymnosperms ba samar da furanni da kuma 'ya'yan itatuwa, mafi yawan abin da su Evergreen.

Angiosperms, ko flowering shuke-shuke, ne rukuni na shuke-shuke, wanda a halin yanzu zauna a rinjaye matsayi a duniya. Godiya ga wasu tsarin fasali na wannan zai yiwu? Da farko, shi ne kasancewar wani flower, yin generative sashin jiki aiki, a cikin abin da biyu hadi. 'ya'yan itatuwa suna kafa cikin abin da iri tasowa a sakamakon wannan tsari. Wannan tsarin samar da kariya a kan m yanayi, m ci gaba da kuma rarraba shuke-shuke.

Saboda haka, a wannan labarin, za mu dubi abin da wani taxonomy a ilmin halitta. Yana da wani kimiyya da kayyade matsayin kwayoyin a cikin kwayoyin duniya tsarin dangane da tsarin da wasu fasaloli.