Icebreaker "Moscow", a 1960: wani photo, analogs

Matuƙan na Soviet Arctic rundunar motoci na dogon lokaci jiran wani iko icebreakers. Su rashi yana da iyaka lokacin da da kuma kawai a lokacin rani zirga-zirga. Icebreaker "Moskva" an yarda su kara har Nuwamba, ta haka ne tsawaita lokacin firam ga Arctic kewayawa. A jirgin ruwa da aka yarda su jira ba ga rahamar yanayin. Menene icebreaker a 1960? Abin da ya yi da wani zamani m? Mene ne Dalilin da icebreaker a wannan zamanin? Duk wannan za a iya koya daga labarin.

Tarihi na halitta

Icebreaker "Moscow" da aka kaddamar a karon farko a 1960. Yana da aka gina a Finland (masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa "Wärtsilä"). Abokin ciniki Tarayyar Soviet sanya. A wasu shekaru, wannan irin jirgin ruwa da aka kaddamar, wanda aka kira "Leningrad", "Kiev", "Murmansk", "Vladivostok".

Suka kafa a matsayin mafi iko dizal-lantarki icebreakers, amma har yanzu ya nuna wasu ƙarara a lokacin aiki. Alal misali, lalacewar da propellers.

Design 1960

Icebreaker "Moscow" ya hada da wadannan na'urorin:

• uku sukurori.
• uku m bene.
• elongated tank.
• goma watertight compartments rabu da mai gangara bulkheads.
• biyu kasa ballast da kuma sabo ne ruwa, da man fetur, lubricating man fetur.
• musamman dakuna tsara domin ajiya na arziki;
• helikofta saukowa kushin.

A jirgin ruwa ta ƙwanso da aka sanya na welded Siemens bude-hearth karfe, da dabaran da aka yi da simintin karfe. The rai bariki aka tsara don 126 mutane, wannan kara da juna 26 kayayyakin wuraren. Suka ɗauke ruwa dumama. A cikin wadanda ba na zama gabatarwa dumama tururi da lantarki. Bugu da kari, a iri daban-daban na gabatarwa da za'ayi iska.

Halaye na jirgin:

• tsawon - 122 mita 10 santimita.
• Nisa - 50 cm zuwa 24 mita.
• tsawo (a kan babban bene) - 115 mita.
• laka (matsakaicin) - mita 10 50 santimita.
• gudun (da ruwa mai tsarkakẽwa) - 19,3 taro.

Icebreaker "Moscow", a shekarar 1960 yana da wani engine a cikin nau'i na takwas dizal injuna. Sun fitar da wani janareta, ciyar da uku propulsion Motors.

makoman

Icebreaker "Moskva", kamar takwarorinsa, a kai a kai ke taka rawa a cikin Arctic kewayawa a lokacin rani. Su duk aiki a kan hanya na Arewa Sea Route. A cikin hunturu lokaci ne da za'ayi shekara-zagaye kewayawa a tashar jiragen ruwa na Leningrad yankin da kuma Nagaevo, wato, da suka yi aiki da kusan dukan shekara.

Domin wuce wani sabon abu jirgin da aka bai a 1961 da matukan jirgin da jirgin ruwa. The kalubale ya zuwa biyu da rabi na Oktoba zuwa tafi, ta hanyar da Arewa Sea Route a yamma-maso-gabas shugabanci. Wannan kuwa don a gane da yiwuwar sailing kewayawa a cikin kaka.

Icebreaker sanya tafiya a cikin lokaci daga 18 zuwa 28 Oktoba 1961. All hanya a kusa da hanya dauki kwanaki goma. Nasarar da tafiya ya nuna yadda kumbura kewayawa capabilities a Arctic ruwa. Wannan na nufi cewa nan da karshen Oktoba zuwa wažar iya mika sufuri jirgin ruwa, maimakon kawai daya icebreaker.

aikin 21900

A sabon icebreaker "Moskva", wanda photo da aka nuna a kasa, aka gina ta domin na "Rosmorport". Production aka wakkala a karshen shekarar 2004. Baltic masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa a kan biyu jiragen ruwa a karkashin Project 21900. Babban abu a cikin wannan jerin ne icebreaker "Moskva" 21900, da kuma na biyu - da icebreaker "St. Petersburg". A total darajar da kwangila shiga biyar biliyan rubles.

A Chronology na halittar kankara-wato Ubangiji Yesu Kristi:

• 2004 - nasarar Baltic shuka a cikin gasar domin samar da aikin 21900.
• 2005 - farkon aiki a kan halittar babban jirgin ruwa.
• 2006 - A teku gwaji da za'ayi a cikin Gulf of Finland.
• 2008 - canja wuri na jirgin zuwa ga abokin ciniki "Rosmorport" da kuma bukukuwan kiwon flag daga cikin Rasha Federation.
• 2014 - hallara a bikin icebreakers a St. Petersburg.

Babban icebreaker aikin 21900 ne biyu-ƙawãce jirgin ruwa tare da biyu rada propellers. Gidaje da aka halitta bisa ga kauri daga cikin kankara fiye da daya mita.

Halaye na jirgin:

• iya aiki (babban) - 9491 ton.
• tsawon - 114 mita.
• nisa - 2 santimita 28 mita.
• tsawo (a kan-jirgin) - 12 mita 40 santimita.
• Daftarin - 8 mita 50 santimita.
• gudun (da ruwa mai tsarkakẽwa) - 10 kullin.
• Crew iya aiki - 26 mutane.

Kamar yadda tare da irin shekarar 1960, a kan jirgin don ƙirƙirar wani dandamali ga helikofta.

Dalilin da aikin 21900

Samar da icebreaker da ake bukata don gudanar da wani kewayawa a Arctic ruwa. Duk da haka, ci-gaba fasali bukatar wasu ƙarin damar saboda kayayyakin da irin wannan.

Babban manufar:

• wayoyi manyan motocin dakon (nisa to 50 mita);
• towing tasoshin a kankara da kuma ruwa.
• sufurin kaya isar.
• kisa da ceto ayyukan;
• wajen magance mai spills da kuma sinadaran abubuwa a cikin teku.
• firefighting.

Don icebreaker ya okupleny maza maza, an halitta sabõda haka, za ka iya amfani da a lokacin rani. Icebreaker ne iya bauta wa rijiyoyin mai da gas da kuma onshore tashoshi. Wannan ya tabbatar da ta ƙara yadda ya dace.

Ban sha'awa gaskiya: a baya fiye da shekaru 30 da wannan shi ne na farko dizal-lantarki icebreaker samar a Rasha factory. Kafin wannan, gwamnatin da umarnin a kama shari'a a kasashen waje.