Medici daular: bishiyar iyalin, tarihi, asiri daular, sanannen wakilan da Medici daular

Shahararren Medici daular aka fi dangantawa da Italian Renaissance. Na zo ne daga wani arziki iyali cewa mulki Florence na dogon lokaci da kuma sanya shi a cikin wani al'adu da kuma kimiyya cibiyar na Turai.

Origin daular

Akwai da dama theories game da asalin wannan HALITTAR. A na kowa birane labari dangana dangantaka Medici likita Karla Velikogo - kafa na Frankish Empire. The iyali kanta kasance da ra'ayin cewa su Tushen koma daya daga cikin Knights, wanda ya yi aiki a kotun na sarki.

A XII karni, Medici iyali koma Florence. Dangin da aka tsunduma a riba, kuma da sauri ya fara cin nasara. Rich bankers zarar shigar da kociya ma'aikatan na birni da kuma fara zauna zaɓe na mukamai a Florence. A da iyali da kuma rubucen da kuma hambarar da. A XII karni bankers kokarin shiga a cikin rayuwar siyasa na birnin, da goyon bayan daya daga cikin gida jam'iyyun. Babban rikici na bukatu a Florence sa'an nan sa tsakanin mawadata da matalauta nobility. Salvestra Medici goyon tramps, wanda ya shirya wani tayarwa gāba da aristocracy. Lokacin da suka ci, da kudaden da aka fitar daga cikin birnin.

A zaman gudun hijira, da Medici daular bai zauna dogon, amma ko da a lokacin wannan lokaci ya samu sananne nasara a riba. na farko banki rassan a Venice da Roma da aka bude.

daukaka

A farko shugaban na Florentine jamhuriyar a Medici iyali ya zama Cosimo Old. Ya rike wannan matsayi daga 1434 zuwa 1464. Ya gudanar ya zo da iko, ta amfani da nasu kudi, tasiri da kuma rashin biyan bukata daga cikin mutane da suka gabata gwamnatin, wanda ya gabatar da wuce kima haraji da kwat da wando m yaki. Yana Cosimo zama kafa na al'adar patronizing da zane-zane da kuma sauran yankunan da Renaissance.

Medici daular nasarar kashe kudi. Gaskiyar cewa a cikin XV karni Italiya ya zama cibiyar al'adu da fasaha a Turai. Yana gudu mai yawa Helenawa suka zauna ba tare da wata kasa bayan da kama na Konstantinoful da Turks a 1453. Da dama daga cikinsu, sai aka kawo Italiya (ciki har da Florence) musamman littattafai da kuma shirya laccoci, ba a sani ba zuwa Turawa. Wannan spurred da wani amfani a zamanin d tarihi. Daga shi, a dukan makaranta na humanism. Duk wadannan mamaki kudi da kuma kara kuzari da Medici daular. Tarihi ya kasance m mata, duk da yawa siyasa mãkirci, wanda su ne na kullum a lokacin.

Lorenzo da babba

Ko bayan mutuwar Cosimo a Florence na ci gaba da mulkin Medici daular. Lorenzo, mai girma (jikansa) ya fi shahara daga cikin iyalan gidan. An haife shi a 1448, kuma ya kasance shugaban na jamhuriyar a 1469-m.

A wannan lokaci, a Florence akwai wani ƙulli, da sakamakon wanda ya bakin Medici daular. Family Tree aka kusan snapped, amma Lorenzo bayyana tsare-tsaren da makiya. Ya ko da goyan bayan da Paparoma Sixtus IV. Amma ko da wannan bai ajiye da ɗan'uwansa Lorentso Dzhuliano, wanda aka kashe ta hanyar maƙarƙashiya.

Florence sa'an nan ayyana yaki kan da dama makwabtaka da mulkoki, wanda aka goyan bayan da Roman kursiyin. Lorenzo ya iya samu nasarar tsayayya da kawancen. Bugu da kari, ya samu wani shigeba, a cikin mutum na Faransa sarki. Yana tsoratar da Roma, wanda ba ya so ya yi yãƙi tãre da Paris, da kuma rikici ya daina.

Florence - Renaissance Center

Medici daular da su da tasiri a kan ci gaban Italian al'adu a wannan lokaci isa ganiya. Lorenzo ya] a] en da yawa makarantu. Daya daga cikin su shi ne shahararren Academy of Careggi, wanda ya zama wani kwanon rufi-Turai cibiyar na wani sabon makaranta na Neo-Platonism. Florentine yadi hayar irin wannan 'yan baiwa na art kamar yadda Sandro Botticelli da Michelangelo. Lorenzo ya kuma connoisseur littattafai. Ya tattara, da kuma wadãtar da kansa library, wanda ya zama wani yawon shakatawa janye. Shugaban na jamhuriyar mutu a 1492. Ya mai haske rayuwa tsananta jita-jita game da Medici iyali. Daular asirin m matsegunta, kuma masoya na theories.

Hali zuwa Renaissance Lorenzo bazu nan da nan zuwa ga makwabta garuruwa. Daidai wannan taki fara shirya a Venice, Roma, Naples da Milan. Renaissance kama da heyday na tsufa, haka da samun sunan.

Popes da Duke na Tuscany

Mafi shahara wakilan da Medici daular zama ba kawai shugabanni na Florence, amma kuma popes. A 1513 da suka bayyana Pero Medichi, wanda ya dauki sunan Leo X kuma zauna a kan gadon sarautar har 1521. Ko da yake firistoci, su ne ba su shiga a cikin rãyuwar harkokin, ya goyan bayan bukatun da iyalinsa a cikin Florence.

Hakazalika wuce hukumar Clement VII (1523-1534). A duniya sunansa Dzhulio Medichi. Karkashin iyalinsa sake fitar daga Florence. Wannan ya kai ga cewa Paparoma sanya wani ƙawance da Sarkin sarakuna na Ruhu Mai Roman Empire Charles V na Habsburg, "a wanda masun mulki rãnã taba kafa". Hadin gwiwa ci da abokan gaba, da kuma Medici koma zuwa Florence. Bugu da kari, sun samu title of Duke na Tuscany.

Shugabanni na Florence wannan lokaci na ci gaba da rika da zane-zane. Lokacin da Cosimo I (1537-1574) aka gina shahara gallery Uffizi. Yau, shi janyo hankalin miliyoyin baƙi zuwa Florence. Yana Stores mahara Masterpieces zanen, misali, almara Leonardo Vinci ( "Gaske Shelar" da "girmama").

Sarauniya na Faransa

Iko shugabanni na Florence biya da hankali ga dynastic aure. Alal misali, biyu mata daga wannan irin zama maza na Faransa sarakuna. Yana da aka matarsa Catherine Henry II (1547-1559) da kuma matarsa Marie Henri IV (1600-1610). A farko daga cikinsu shi ma wani regent da kullum da wani babban siyasa tasiri. Catherine da aka sani ga miliyoyin magoya na iyawa Aleksandra Dyumy, wanda litattafan da ta kasance babban harafin. Ta kuma yi tarihin bayan da jini da kisan kiyashin da na St. Bartholomew da kuma kisan kiyashin da Huguenots kuri'a.

Faransa daular na Ekateriny Medichi to yanke takaice ta biyu yara - Charles IX da Henry III. Bisa ga ubansu, suka mallakar na Valois. Bayan su zuwa da iko a 1589 zo da Bourbons. Duk da haka, yana da wuya a rashin sanin cikakken farashi da tasiri cewa dukan Turai ya bayar da Medici iyali. Daular zama wani embodiment na Renaissance da duk ta m da kuma rigima events.

Dakushewar Florence

Duk da tasiri a kan wasu kasashe, da babban yanki na amfani ya kasance kullum da Medici Florence - su main sunan yankin da haifuwa. Ƙi amincewa Tuscan duchy fara a Cosimo II (1609-1621). Ya shafe kudi mai yawa a kan yaƙe-yaƙe da rikice-rikice da makwabta. Duke ya sãɓã, mahaukaci da tsare-tsaren da subduing abokan gabansa, ciki har da Spanish kambi. A lokaci guda, ya aka san shi da goyon baya ga Galileo, wanda ya ci gaba da al'adar Lorenzo da babba.

Karkashin dansa Ferdinand II (1621-1670) akwai wani kwanon rufi-Turai shekaru talatin War tsakanin Katolika da Furotesta. A wannan lokaci, zan ci gaba karkatar Florence, wanda ya daina dogara a kan Medici. A gano Amirka da kuma sauran alkawarin kasuwanni ya sanya Italiya a lardin kasar, maimakon tattalin arziki cibiyar na Turai. Financial gudana kasance a Spain da Ingila da kuma sauran mulkin mallaka iko.

A karshen daular

A lokaci guda yanka a takaice kuma ta Medici daular. Its karshe wakilin Giovanni Gastaut (mulki 1723-1737 gg.) Was a sickly da marar ɗa. Bayan mutuwarsa da Duchy na Tuscany ya wuce zuwa Mai Tsarki Roman Sarkin sarakuna Francis na Stephen, wanda a Florence fara da za a mai taken Francesco II. Saboda haka birnin na Medici na dogon lokaci ya wuce zuwa Habsburgs.