Mene ne tattalin arziki yankin. Jamhuriyar Black Duniya yankin: general bayanai

Jamhuriyar Black Duniya tattalin arziki yankin (TSCHER) ne quite muhimmanci a tattalin arziki tsarin na Rasha Federation. Wannan shi ne saboda da Gwargwadon wuri da kuma samar da wuraren dake da karkararta. Bari mu koyo daga abin da ya ƙunshi tattalin arziki yankin Tsakiya Black Duniya. Har ila yau, mayar da hankali a kan definition of manufar regionalization.

Tattalin arzikin yankunan Rasha

Tattalin arziki yankin - shi ne bangare na kasar da cewa yana da wasu siffofin na tattalin arziki specialization, kowa kayayyakin more rayuwa, hanyar sadarwa.

Redistricting ba ɓangare na administrative-yankin rabo daga cikin kasar, da kuma hidima a matsayin tattalin arziki-Gwargwadon lokaci zuwa rage wuya da fahimtar tattalin arziki dangantaka, kazalika da mafi m damar shirya kara ci gaba da na yankin.

A halin yanzu, a cikin Rasha Federation ware wadannan goma sha biyu batutuwa. A tattalin arziki yankin Tsakiya Black Duniya - daya daga cikinsu. A da shi za a tattauna a more daki-daki a kasa.

A Gwargwadon wuri na yankin

Tattalin arzikin yankin Tsakiya Black Duniya da aka located a kudu maso yammacin ɓangare na Rasha. A mafi girma a birnin, da kuma a lokaci guda ta unofficial cibiyar - Voronezh, wanda da yawan jama'a na kan mutane miliyan 1. A tsarin da Jamhuriyar Black Duniya tattalin arziki yankin hada da biyar yankuna na Rasha: Kursk, Lipetsk, Voronezh, Belgorod, Tambov. The most yanki daga wadannan -Voronezhskaya (. 52 200 sq km), kuma mafi karami yanki yana da Lipetsk - 24,000 murabba'in mita. km. Area Belgorod, Kursk da Tambov yankunan ne 27100, da 30 000 ko 34 500 sq. km bi da bi.

Wani lokaci akan kira zuwa ga yankin kamar yadda Orel yankin, wanda yana cikin na kowa da wasu batutuwa na Rasha tarihi na irin wannan nuances na ci gaba da kuma karfi da tattalin arziki a tsakaninsu. Amma a yau na aikin karba-karba da shi da dangantaka da da Jamhuriyar tattalin arziki gundumar.

Saboda haka, 167 700 sq. km - da yankin yanki, wanda yana cikin Tsakiya Black Duniya tattalin arziki yankin. EGP (tattalin arziki da kuma halin da ake ciki Gwargwadon) shi ne quite m. Yankin ne a lokaci guda shi ne a cikin zumunta kusanci zuwa ga babban birnin kasar da kuma shi ne yadu m zuwa jihar iyakar da ke tsakanin Rasha da Ukraine. Wannan na taimaka wa wani gagarumin yawa a cikin ƙasa, wanda, duk da haka, rage saboda da worsening da dangantaka da makwabta.

sunan

Tattalin arzikin yankin (Tsakiya Black Duniya) ta samo sunanta ne a lokacin da Rasha Empire, idan da gaske shagaltar da wani tsakiyar matsayi a cikin Turai bangare na kasar. A halin yanzu, da hukuma sunan ba gaba ɗaya na gaskiya, tun da yankin da aka located a kan yammacin kan iyakoki na Rasha da kuma ba geographically tsakiyar.

Black Duniya gundumar mai suna saboda gaskiyar cewa tushen ta ƙasa ne m baki ƙasa. Na biyu sunan, wanda yana da wani fairly m wurare dabam dabam - Black Duniya.

labarin

Jamhuriyar Black Duniya tattalin arziki yankin na Rasha yana da wani wajen ban sha'awa da kuma dogon tarihi na ci gaba.

A farko ƙauyuka na zamani mutane da aka samu a wannan yanki ne mafi zuwa Bronze Age. Sun kasance sũ ne da abin da ake kira abashevo al'adu. Daga baya, cikin ƙasa aka sanaki kabilu masu yawa Chernozemya: Scythians, Sarmatians, Alans, Khazars, Pechenegs, Cumans.

A manyan sassa na yankin zaunar da Slavic kabilan 'yan Arewa, inda ta mai suna Siverschyna. Ta ya zama wani ɓangare na Old Rasha jihar, da kuma bayan ta auka shi ne wani ɓangare na Chernigov da Novgorod-Seversky mulkoki. Foundation na birnin Kursk aka kwanan rana 1032 shekara. Shĩ ne mafi tsufa na data kasance ƙauyuka a cikin ƙasa na Black gona.

Bayan da Mongol mamayewa na wadannan yankuna ya zo kufai. Ga yawonta Nogai. West na yanzu Tsakiya Black Duniya yankin ya zama wani ɓangare na Duchy na Lithuania.

Tun da XV karni da gagarumin tabbatarwa daga cikin Moscow sarauta, wanda ya tuba zuwa Rasha daula. Da tasiri da shi ya fara yada zuwa ƙasashen Chernozem. Wadannan natsuwa koma kare kudancin kan iyakar kasar nan da Crimean Khanate kuma kawai a search na m ƙasar. A karshen karni na sha shida sansanin soja gina Belgorod da Voronezh, kuma daga baya ya zama manyan birane, kuma a yanzu shi ne yankin cibiyar.

A lokacin da Rasha Empire, bayan da administrative garambawul na 1708, Chernozem ƙasa da aka raba tsakanin Azov da Kiev larduna. Za mu iya cewa a wannan lokacin, tun karshen XV karni, da yankin da aka fi mayar saniyar ware kansa da kuma samu wani yawan halaye da shi. By 1880 hada da wallafe-wallafe na statistics, a wanda tsaye da tsakiyar m yankin (nan gaba TSCHER), wanda ya hada da wadannan larduna: Kaluga, Voronezh, Penza, Ryazan, Tambov, Kursk, Orel, Tula.

Bayan isowa daga Soviet da iko, a 1928, shi sun kafa wararriyar Tsakiya Black Duniya yankin da yankin tsakiyar Voronezh. Da tsarin hada da Orel, Voronezh, Tambov da Kursk larduna. A 1934, Central Black Duniya yankin da aka soke da kuma rarraba a Voronezh da Kursk yankin. A 1937, daga tsarin da aka gano Orel da Tambov yankuna, da kuma a 1954 mafi Lipetsk da Belgorod.

Shi ne Soviet zamanin sun fi mayar da asusun domin samar da masana'antu na yankin, da gina manyan masana'antu da kuma kamfanonin, kazalika da m cin gaban aikin noma. An kuma gabatar da tattalin arziki regionalization a cikin zamani ma'anarta, da kuma alama TSCHER.

A zamani mataki

Bayan da shela da mulkin RSFSR a karshen May 1991 da shugaban na Armed Forces Borisa Eltsina hukuncin da aka sanar da halittar Association of "Black Duniya", wanda aka tsara don sauƙaƙe hulda da hadin gwiwa na mutum yankunan na yankin. By 2010, kungiyar hada da 10 yankuna, 5 da abin da ba su kunshe a TSCHER, ko da yake su ne a nan da nan kusanci da shi.

A kõfatansu a kan duwatsu 90-s, kazalika da dukan Rasha, da yankin da yake faruwa ta hanyar wuya sau: samarwa fadi, da yawa kasuwanci sun kasance a rufe. Wannan ne saboda da nuances na miƙa mulki daga habarta zuwa kasuwar tattalin arzikin. Amma tun da farkon 2000s, da tattalin arziki da halin da ake ciki na tsakiya Black Duniya yankin ya inganta muhimmanci, ko da yake har yanzu nisa daga ana cikakken maida su ba kome ta full m.

yawan

A jama'ar na Jamhuriyar Black Duniya tattalin arziki yankin a wannan lokacin ne game 7800 dubu. Mutane a wani yawa na mutane 46 da murabba'in kilomita. km. A gagarumin yawan mutane suna rayuwa a birane - game da 70%, kuma kawai 30% na yawan masu yankunan karkara mazauna.

A mafi lugar yankin na Chernozem - Voronezh. The yawan akwai 2.3 mutane miliyan, wanda fiye da miliyan 1 da asusun wa kansa Voronezh. A karshe abu mazauna da Tambov yankin - 1.05 mutane miliyan. Population Belgorod, Lipetsk da Kursk yankuna 1.6, 1.2 da kuma 1.1 mutane miliyan. bi da bi.

A mafi yawa daga alƙarya, a cikin Belgorod yankin -. 57,1 persons / sq. km. A mafi karami a cikin Tambov - 30.5 persons / sq. Km. km. Relevant Manuniya Lipetsk, Voronezh da Kursk yankuna asusu domin 48,1, 44.7, 37.3 persons / sq. M. km.

A kasa abun da ke ciki na yawan adadin mutanen da a cikin yankin (a kan 95%) ne Rasha. Yawan Ukrainians kada ku ƙẽtare 1.5-2% na yawan na tattalin arziki yankin. Daga cikin wasu 'yan tsiraru kamata a lura da Armenia, Gypsies, Azerbaijanis, Turks, Yahudawa da Yezidi Kurdawa. Duk da haka, wani yawan wakilan wadannan kabilu ne kananan - kasa da 0.5% na jimlar yawan mazauna Chernozemya.

birane

birane da daraja tarihi - a manyan yawan manyan ƙauyuka located a kan ƙasa da Black Duniya yankin.

The most shiri na tattalin arziki da yankin ne ta tsakiyar birnin - Voronezh, inda yawan wuce mutane miliyan 1. Daga cikin wasu manyan abokai kamata a kasaftawa wannan yanki cibiyoyin kamar yadda Lipetck (fiye da dubu 500,. Mazaunan) Kursk (fiye da 420 da dubu. Mazaunan), Bilgorod (fiye da 380 da dubu. Mazaunan) Tambov (fiye da 280 da dubu. Mazaunan). The most yankin cibiyar ne birni na Stary Oskol a Belgorod yankin. The yawan ne fiye da 250 da dubu. Mazauna.

Duk na sama ƙauyuka suna quite da raya masana'antu da kuma kayayyakin more rayuwa.

albarkatun

Albarkatun kasa na Jamhuriyar Black Duniya tattalin arziki yankin ne da gaske mai girma. A da karkararta aka located babbar a Rasha da kuma na biyu mafi girma tama ajiya a duniya - Kursk anomaly. Bugu da kari, cikin ƙasa na Black Kasar gona located apatite adibas na haƙar, yashi, farar ƙasa, da yumɓun, da phosphate, alli, dutse, da kuma wasu albarkatu. Akwai ma adibas na zinariya, platinum, tagulla da kuma nickel.

Amma babban halitta hanya na yankin ne ta m baki ƙasa. A ingancin da ƙasa, saboda da high yawan abun ciki na humus, ba ka damar tattara wasu daga cikin mafi kyau vintages a duniya.

masana'antu

Kwarewa na tsakiya Black Duniya tattalin arziki yankin yana da wani pronounced masana'antu da aikin gona da hali.

Duk da yawa mai gefe ci gaban da yankin, da rabo daga masana'antu a tattalin arzikin da aka har yanzu mamaye 'yan kan aikin noma. Rawar da haddasa shagaltar da wadannan masana'antu: inji gini, metallurgy, hakar ma'adinai, sarrafa abinci, da sinadaran da makamashi da masana'antu.

noma

A gaban m baki ƙasa na taimaka wa aikin noma da gaskiyar cewa ne Tsakiya Black Duniya tattalin arziki yankin yana da wani gwada da babban matakin ci gaba. Hakika, idan aka kwatanta da Soviet sau sikelin samarwa a kansu ki muhimmanci, amma, duk da haka, idan aka kwatanta da sauran Rasha yankuna Chernozem tattalin arziki Manuniya duba da kyau.

A mafi ɓullo da reshe ne amfanin gona. Babban yankunan - samar da hatsi, sunflower tsaba, sugar gwoza, dankali da sauran kayan lambu.

A dabbobi ne mamaye nama, madara da kuma qwai.

inganta harkokin ci gaban

Hakika, TSCHER yana daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci m ga ci gaban tattalin arziki a kwatanta da sauran yankuna na Rasha. Akwai gagarumin reserves na halitta albarkatun a cikin nau'i na daya daga cikin kasashen dake da Karafa adibas kuma, wata babbar dama daga cikin mafi m kasa - chernozems. Lantarki da kuma masana'antu na tattalin arziki yankin ne ma sosai raya, har yanzu akwai da yawa abubuwa gada daga cikin Soviet zamanin.

Yadda tasiri za ta yi amfani da wannan m dogara a kan jagorancin kasar a matsayin dukan, kazalika daga shugabannin kasashen yankin. Amma ba a kalla TSCHER nan gaba ya dogara a kan kowane mutum mai rai a can. Kawai gaskiya da manufa da kuma ci gaba da hanyar da shi zai iya gaske kawo kyakkyawan sakamako ba. Duk da haka, zamu iya cewa da ci gaban da yankin ne riga a kan dama waƙa.