Mene ne recapitalization? Recapitalization na bashi cibiyoyin

Nazarin tambaya na abin da a babban birnin kasar karuwa, shi ya kamata a ce wannan shi ne hanya cewa shi ne Popular a matsayin rinjaye wajen tafiyad da harkokin kudi da tattalin arziki crises. Mutane da yawa Amirka, a cikin lokaci daga 2008 zuwa 2009 bayar da kudi cibiyoyin na farko matakin babban birnin kasar. Yau, da manufofin da aka yi a Rasha. Back a 2008, taimakon kudi ga masu zaman kansu da kuma mallakar gwamnati da bankuna da kuma da dama na sayar da kamfanoni da taimakawa kasar don warware matsaloli da yawa.

Ta yaya ne allura na kudi?

A gabatarwar da kudi a cikin ƙuncin rai bankunan da aka za'ayi ta hanyar sayan gwamnatin fĩfĩta hannun jari da kuma sauran kudi kida da cewa ta yi daidai da daraja na farko matakin. Recapitalization na bashi cibiyoyin da jihar ta hanyar sayan talakawa hannun jari na kudi cibiyoyin gudanar da yawa kasa akai-akai. Idan akai la'akari da statistics, zamu iya cewa daga cikin hamsin most American bankuna a sau da rikicin, kawai 23 sun samu jiha agaji. A Turai taimako da aka bayar kawai 15 cibiyoyin, wanda yayi dace da 76% da kuma 40% na pre-rikicin capitalization na bankuna. A cewar bayanai bayar da IMF, da talakawan shirin recapitalization a jama'a kudi a cikin bazara na shekarar 2009 da aka 3% na GDP.

Capital karuwa a Rasha

Ganin cewa wannan babban birnin kasar karuwa, dole ne mu dubi halin da ake ciki a Rasha. Shugaban kasar Rasha Putin ya sanya hannu a dokar a kan recapitalization na kudi cibiyoyin a cikin adadin 1 trillion rubles ta bayarwa OFZ (tarayya rance shaidu). Bisa ga mawallafa da dokar, dukiya taimako dole ne a sanya su cikin Deposit Insurance Agency. Yana, bi da bi, za su tura da kudi zuwa bankuna domin su aiwatar da wajibai a cikin bangare na bashin biya zuwa ajiyar, rance da kuma bond bashi. A kudi za a directed zuwa fi so hannun jari. Gwamnatin za ta canza a zubar da cikin inshora dillancin BFL a cikin adadin da aka ambata a sama, wanda zai ba da damar da shi don tallafa wa m bankuna a cikin wani rikicin.

Abin da damar da ya aikata da mafita?

Lissafin, bisa ga abin da za a iya za'ayi recapitalization na bashi cibiyoyin a Rasha, da aka shirya na dogon lokaci. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a sakamakon da tabarbarewar tattalin arziki da halin da ake ciki a kasar dangane da takunkumin da kasashen yamma karkashin harbi buga kudi kansu. Kwararru da yawa suna tsinkaya har defaulted a cikin wannan filin. A kudi kasaftawa ga fi na kudi rabi, za a tam sarrafawa. Wannan shi ne a wani shirin kaiwa taron hukuma bayyana shugaban Accounting bẽne, Golikova. Ministan kudi Siluanov kintace bayar da shawarar cewa doka bayan da cikakken aiwatar kamata kara jimlar adadin da banki babban birnin kasar ba kasa da 13%. A total adadin bashi a cikin gajeren lokaci ana sa ran girma da akalla 15-20%. Aka sanar da cewa duk Saide daga DIA OFZ za a miƙa ka zuwa tarayya kasafin kudin.

Lokacin da banki bukatun goyon baya?

Kowane banki na da babban birnin kasar, wanda ya kunshi na sirri kudi na kudi ma'aikata. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na kudi cibiyoyin da dukiya da cewa jawo hankalin masu zuba jari da kuma samar da kamfanonin da na ga wani category. Babban birnin kasar Bank tattara ta jawo kudi daga masu zuba jari - biyu mutane, kazalika da kasuwanci Tsarin. Ya yiwo aro. A wannan yanayin, da kudi ma'aikata na samar da rance a mafi girma amfani rates. Bambanci tsakanin biyan sha'awa a kan rance da kuma sha'awa a kan aro da kuma samar da liquidity na kamfanin. A sau da rikicin, tare da kaifi outflow na babban birnin kasar daga Rasha, da yawa bashi na banki, ba kawai bai kõma ba da bashi, amma ba zai rama ko da da sha'awa a kan shi. Saboda haka, da gazawar da kasafin kudin da aka kafa, da kuma bankin yana ba su iya cika su wajibai ga masu zuba jari. Canja halin da ake ciki taimaka recapitalization na bankuna. Mene ne shi, kawai fahimta. A gaskiya, da kuma a cikin wani Saukake format - wannan shi ne ta biya ta Jihar bad rance da wani ra'ayi zuwa ci gaba da liquidity na kudi cibiyoyin a matakin qarshe.

Me gwamnati ne recapitalization?

Idan akai la'akari da sharuddan da batun na gwamnati cewa irin babban birnin kasar karuwa, da hanya za a iya kira wani ƙoƙari don kauce wa wani Jihar tsoro. Idan kudi cibiyoyin en sun mayar ba zai cika da wajibai saboda da low babban birnin kasar adequacy, shi zai sa tashin hankali. Mutane za su massively janye kudi daga adibas da kuma janye kudi, wanda ba zai iya kawai kai ga devastation da kasafin kudin, amma kuma samar da wani tutu da karfi Jump darussa. A bayar da wani subordinated rance, rance wanda za a ƙare ta zo daidai da tsayayyen babban birnin kasar da kuma tabbatar da rashin zaman lafiyar na duka banki tsarin, yana yiwuwa don suna da kalmar "babban birnin kasar karuwa". Kuma da hanya ga yau ya kasance batun fiye da ɗaya banki. Saboda haka, babban birnin kasar karuwa da aka za'ayi, "Delta Bank", "aikin gona Bank", "VTB". Kuma kamar 'yan daga cikin jerin kudi cibiyoyin cewa gwamnati tana goyon bayan. A daidai da doka, da wajibi a kan subordinated rance ne da za'ayi a karshe nuna.

Cewa a gaskiya ba subordinated rance?

Mataimakin shugaban babban bankin Rasha Mikhail Sukhov ce cewa recapitalization "Rosselkhozbank", a gaskiya, kamar sauran kudi cibiyoyin, ya kamata samar da downward matsa lamba a kan amfani rates a cikin real m kansu. A nan gaba, shi zai iya za'ayi don daidaita tsakanin tattalin arziki da kansu da kuma kudi kasuwa na kasar, wanda shi ne yanzu a kan gab da tsoho. A kudi cewa za a koma daga DIA da bankuna, ya kamata ba zama batun haraji. Gwamnatin Rasha ya aikata makirci don tallafa wa jihar na kudi tsarin a 2008, wanda ya kawo m sakamakon. A yanke shawara su kauce wa fatarar da yawa bashi cibiyoyin, ajiye wani yawa na masu zuba jari daga asarar.

Wanne bashi cibiyoyin iya dogara da goyon bayan da gwamnati?

Bayan aikatã game da wannan tambaya na abin da a babban birnin kasar karuwa a banki, ya kamata ka kula da gaskiyar cewa ba dukan kudi cibiyoyin suna da goyan bayan da jihar. List of Banks ance da ya amince da ita da DIA. A cewar RBC, a kan subordinated rance zai iya ƙidaya 27 kamfanoni, babban birnin kasar wanda ba kasa da biliyan 25 rubles. Na hukumance kasaftawa don tallafa kudi kansu 1 trillion rubles, da ainihin taimakon zai adadin zuwa total 830 biliyan. Babban rarrabẽwa ga zabin da kamfanoni don zama su shirye muhimmanci fadada rance ga real m kansu a cikin fifiko yankunan da gwamnati. Kamar yadda ta faɗi, recapitalization na bankuna (abin da shi ne tattauna a sama) ba da nufin magance matsaloli a firgita kudi cibiyoyin. A kayan tallafi da kai tsaye nufi.

A yanayi wanda dole ne a bi ta banki

A sa'a jerin hada kudi cibiyoyin, wanda ayyuka hadu da kafa nagartacce. Shi ne samuwan babban birnin kasar a cikin adadin biliyan 25 rubles, wanda aka rubuta a sama. Bugu da ƙari, cikin banki-nema yana a cikin past shekaru biyu zuwa rayayye ci gaba na rance ga real ga tattalin arziki. Fadada shugabanci ya zama a kalla 12%. A daidai da zabin sharudda, da kudi ma'aikata dole ne su kasance m tsarin kula da biya da ma'aikata: wata iyaka karuwa a Hakkin, da mafi ƙarancin albashin na kwamitin mambobi da kuma kwamitin gudanarwa. M manufofin kamata aiki a rara lissafi bangare na masu zuba jari. Kamar yadda na farko kimomi, da taimakon za a kiyasta a kan wadannan cibiyoyin kudin:

• "VTB" zai karɓi 307 biliyan rubles.
• Ajiyayyen ma'ana "VTB" - 193 biliyan rubles.
• Retail "ya" da "VTB 24" - 65,8 biliyan rubles.
• "Bank of Moscow" - 49 biliyan rubles.

Anti-rikicin shirin

Nazarin tambaya na abin da a babban birnin kasar karuwa, ya kamata a lura da cewa wannan lokaci da ake amfani ba kawai dangane da bashi cibiyoyin. Financial taimako daga jihar iya zama for-riba kamfanoni don wani kungiyoyi da cewa taimaka don mayar da tattalin arzikin kasar. A shirin da nufin magance rikicin, shirin ciyar game 2.3 tiriliyan rubles. The shirya recapitalization na kamfanin, ga abin da, ta hanyar, da kudi ma'aikata ya tukuna da za a shawo kan, an riga an kunna a farkon farko kwata na wannan shekara. Banks cewa sami goyon baya sun riƙi wani yawan alkawura. Ya kamata su kara ƙara da jinginar gida na rance a wani kudi na akalla 1% na wata-wata, kara adadin bashin wa kananan da kuma matsakaici-sized kasuwanci. Bugu da ƙari, kudi cibiyoyin da ƙara da babban birnin kasar ta wani adadin daidai da rabi na samu kayan taimako. Kiwon Hakkin to duk kudi ma'aikata da ma'aikata aka haramta cikin shekaru uku.

A wadda sassa da aka shirya don en subordinated rance?

Kamar yadda aka riga aka sani, da taimakon kudi za a bayar ba kasa da 30 Rasha bankuna, gami da kuma "VTB". Capital karuwa zai rufe wadannan yankunan:

• Agriculture - a cikin adadin biliyan 10 rubles.
• Automotive masana'antu - biliyan 5. Yana nufin na musamman kan ci gaba da aiwatar da sharar gida gudanar shirin.
• Credit tallafin to Enterprises - biliyan 5.
• Labaran zai sami wani biliyan kan sayan motocin yanã gudãna a kan iskar gas.

A ilimin kididdiga jihar aka shirya za su bar kasar ta kare bayar wa, da zamantakewa kansu. A cikin yaki da rashin aikin yi da aka shirya ya biya 82,2 biliyan rubles. Yana da aka asali shirya da su zuba jari a cikin maido da jihar tattalin arzikin kasar a kalla biliyan 100, amma sai aka yanke shawarar rage kanmu ga kawai 23 biliyan rubles ga aiki sassa.

"Gazprom" don taimaka

Bugu da kari ga bayar da subordinated rance don kudi cibiyoyin, shugaban ya sha nanata tada tambaya a kan abin da ƙarin capitalization na "Gazprom" ba kasa muhimmanci. Shugaban kasar Rasha ya da imprudence zuwa hukumance alkawari taimakon kudi daga jihar. A gaskiya da doka da aka ƙi, kamar yadda suka gano cewa, wani babban kamfani ne iya da kansa nemo kudi don aiwatar da aikin domin gina wani bututu domin sufuri na Rasha gas zuwa kasar Sin. Don aiwatar da aikin a matsayin dukan bukatar kashe game da 55 biliyan, 25 daga cikinsu sun riga ya yi alkawarin ba kasar Sin da kanta - wani abokin tarayya na United Rasha BRICS da kuma kungiyar SCO. Rasha ma'aikatar kudi ne ba kawai Tambayoyin da rationalism na aikin, shi ne m, a ta asarar, da kuma recapitalization VEB dubi sosai mafi nasara aikin. Bugu da kari, a taron da mambobin gwamnatin da aka ji phrases da jihar kudi ana kullum karuwa ne, kuma wannan shi ne wani lokaci su vata a jihar kasafin kudin tallafawa m ayyukan.