A tsarin fuka. iri na gashinsa

Gashinsa - yana da ba kawai ado tsuntsaye. Su ba zafi, da ikon tashi, a sami wata biyu a cikin ma'abota kakar, zuriya ƙyanƙyashe da kuma boye daga predators. Ka yi la'akari da iri na gashinsa, da su Tsarin.

Me gashinsa?

Plumage - da wata ãyã daga muhimmi ne kawai zuwa aji tsuntsaye. Yana da muhimmanci ga tsuntsãye, kuma yana da yawa ayyuka. Yana da damar fuka tashi, samar da wani streamlined jiki siffar, da kuma mafi muhimmanci - da hali surface da reshe kuma wutsiya. Gashin Tsuntsu kare wata dabba ta jiki daga lalacewa da kuma rauni. Tasiri ruwa tasha aiki - saman gashinsa kusa lamba tare da juna da kuma hana wetting. Ƙananan ɓangare na kwane-kwane gashinsa, saukar da gashinsa da kuma saukar da kakkarfan lauye, forming a surface wani irin airbag fata, kare kaji jiki hypothermia.

A plumage yana da wani launi daban-daban da kuma siffar, kuma ya ƙunshi bayanai ba kawai a kan nau'in amma sau da yawa na yin jima'i tsuntsu na'urorin haɗi. Bayyanar taka babban rawa a intraspecific da interspecific sadarwa a.

A general tsarin da alƙalami

Su launin gashi hidima da yawa ayyuka, kuma kowane guda kashi na shi na iya bambanta a cikin bayyanar. Next za mu dubi abin da suke da gashinsa tsuntsaye. A tsarin da abun da ke ciki na gashinsa da yawa da na kowa, ko da kuwa da makõma, ita. Gashin tsuntsu da aka yi sama da furotin keratin. Daga wannan abu kamar yadda mu yatsun kuma gashi.

A tsarin fuka kamar haka: sanda, quill, barbs, barbules, hooks. Dalili na kowane alkalami - a tsakiyar core. Ya ƙare m quill, wanda aka saka a cikin alkalami jakar dake a cikin fata. Wannan lakabi ya bayyana a cikin kwanaki lokacin da Goose gashinsa aka yi amfani da rubuce-rubuce. Su tips ochinyali, cewa an wasa.

A na sama na alkalami a kan abin da barbs, da ake kira mai ganga. Don gangar jikin a wani kwana na 45 ° na roba filamentary tsarin a haɗe - barbs farko domin. Suna located har ma fiye da dabara da kuma kankanin thread - barbules (wanda kuma ake kira barbs na biyu domin).

A cikin barbules na hooks da wanda barbules bonded da juna da kuma samar da m kuma na roba vane wanda yake iya yin tsayayya da iska matsa lamba a lokacin jirgin. Idan hooks ake disengaged, tsuntsu yin amfani da baki gyara su. The inji ne sau da yawa idan aka kwatanta da zik din. Barbules a kasa na vane ba su da hooks da kuma dokoki da wani ɓangare na gashin tsuntsu.

iri na gashinsa

Bisa ga tsarin da kuma ayyuka na alkalama za a iya raba da dama iri:

• kwane-kwane.
• tuƙi.
• fidda gwani.
• saukar.
• fluff.

Duk da cewa zahiri gashinsa ze kyawawan sauki a tsarin, su ne hadaddun kuma umarci Tsarin da an hada da yawa kankanin abubuwa. A tsarin da alkalami ya dogara da ayyuka yi.

kwane-kwane gashinsa

Kwane-kwane gashinsa ake don haka ya kira domin su samar da shaci tsuntsu ta jiki da kuma ba shi da wani streamlined siffar. Su ne babban irin na gashinsa, da rufe dukan jiki. Structure kwane-kwane gashin tsuntsu na tsuntsu ne wannan: da wuya core, na roba da kuma barbules interlocked. Wadannan gashinsa aka sanya a jiki ne ba uniform, kuma imbricate, wanda damar zuwa rufe babban surface na jiki. Suna gyarawa a pteriliyah, musamman yankunan da fata. Structure kwane-kwane gashin tsuntsu tsuntsu Forms m fan, wanda kusan ba ya wuce iska.

A tuƙi da jirgin gashinsa

Tail gashinsa ne a kan wutsiya na tsuntsu. Su ne tsawo da karfi, ana haɗe zuwa coccyx kashi da taimaka canza shugabanci na jirgin.

Flight gashinsa ne m, sai suka samar da reshe jirgin sama da kuma aka yi nufi ga samar da jirgin. Located a gefen reshe da kuma tsuntsu samar da ake buƙata dagawa karfi da kuma dirka. Ƙananan ɓangare na tsuntsu reshe maida hankali ne akan daya irin kwane-kwane gashinsa - coverts.

Downy gashinsa da kuma saukar

Down gashinsa suna located a jiki surface da kwane-kwane. A tsarin da downy gashin tsuntsu tsuntsu yana da halaye: sanda ne bakin ciki sosai, a kan barbules ba hooks. Wadannan gashinsa ne m, airy. Suna located tsakanin saukar da kwane-kwane gashinsa. Structure downy tsuntsu gashin tsuntsu damar samar da thermal rufi.

Pooh tunatar da gashin tsuntsu alkalami, amma tare da wani ya fi guntu sanda. Gyammansu ma da hooks, taushi da kuma katako daga quill.

Sauran iri gashinsa

Yana iya zama mai matukar ban sha'awa da tsarin gashin fuka. Birds, ko wajen su jinsunan, da yawa, da kuma ba za su yi nasu halaye. Alal misali, a cikin wasu jinsunan da thread-kamar gashinsa. Su ne sosai na bakin ciki samuwar tare da wani dogon kara da kawai 'yan barbs a karshen. Masana kimiyya har yanzu ba su san abin da daidai ne su aiki. Mai yiwuwa filamentous gashinsa ciki da hankula da kuma taimaka wa tsayar da matsayi na fidda gwani.

A tsarin da gashinsa (tsuntsaye wasu jinsunan), alaka da hankula, shi ne ko da yaushe musamman. Alal misali, bristles aiki a matsayin m da m ayyuka da taushi core da kuma 'yan barbs a tushe. Suna located a kai.

Akwai Popular gashinsa - modified kwane-kwane. Bã su da daban-daban siffofi da launuka da kuma ake amfani da su jawo hankalin mace. An misali zai zama mai arziki tsuntsun Makka ta wutsiya.

Mai tsuntsaye da musamman gland da cewa samar da m cewa dabbobi suna smeared ta gashinsa. Wannan ya hana su daga samun rigar, ya sa ya fi na roba. Amma akwai tsuntsaye wanda babu wannan gland, kuma ta yi aiki da aka yi da foda gashinsa. A wannan yanayin da tsarin kiwon kaji gashin tsuntsu sauki - shi kunshi wani ganga, wanda karya saukar da girma da kuma crumbles cikin kananan barbashi, forming wani irin foda, wanda ya hana feathering daga wetting da mannewa.

A ci gaba da alƙalami

A tsarin fuka iya zama quite hadaddun, kuma shi tasowa a matsayin sauki. Kamar yadda da gashi, gashinsa girma daga follicle. Kowane sabon gashin tsuntsu a farkon ci gaba ne a cikin sanda jijiya da kuma jijiya, wanda ciyad da girma. Gangar jikin na tasowa gashin tsuntsu quill a cikin duhu, shi ne ake kira jini. Bayan kammala girma quill zama m, da jini ba gudana.

A kunno kai gashin tsuntsu keratin kare waxy murfin. A wani mataki na ci gaba da murfin an cire wani tsuntsu a lokacin preening. Daya, biyu, wani lokacin har sau uku a shekara tsuntsu launin gashi gaba daya ya canza. Tsohon gashinsa fada daga kansu, su wuri da aka dauka ta hanyar sababbi. Wannan ake kira moult. Mai tsuntsaye Molina hankali, ba tare da rasa ikon tashi. Duk da haka, akwai nau'in cewa rasa duk su gudu gashinsa kuma ba zai iya tashi. Kamar ducks, Swans.

launi

A tsarin fuka da kuma rinjayar da yake launinta. Za ka iya raba abubuwan da zai shafi da launi na alkalami, a cikin ƙungiyõyi biyu: zahiri da kuma sinadaran. A sunadarai dalilai hada gaban daban-daban pigments a gashinsa. Linohromy samar daban-daban yawa daga cikin rawaya, kore da ja melanins - launin ruwan kasa da kuma baki.

A zahirin abubuwan sun hada da refraction haske a cikin sel da alƙalami da abin da ya faru kwana na. Saboda haka shi dai kore, shuɗi, da shunayya, da ƙarfe luster.