Ilimi:Kimiyya

Rarraban haske - tarihin yanayin jiki

Tafakkuri da refraction haske yana nufin yawan na jiki mamaki, bude a sakamakon kai tsaye kallo, ba tare da gudanar da dakin gwaje-gwaje gwajen. An fara magana ne a zamanin Girka, amma yawancin masana kimiyyar sun yarda da cewa an san wannan gaskiyar. Sai kawai masanin kimiyya na farko da yayi ƙoƙari ya bada bayani mai mahimmanci ga wasu batutuwa masu gwajin gwagwarmayar gaskiya shine Cleomed, wanda ya rayu a karni na farko AD a cikin ƙasar Girka na yau. Kafin shi, Euclid bayyana wannan sabon abu ne ta lura da wani zobe kwance a kasa daga cikin gilashin fure, wanda shi ne a wani kwana da shi ba a bayyane zuwa ga Kiyayewa, amma idan ka fara zuba ruwa cikin wata tulun, sa'an nan bayan da wasu lokaci ba tare da canza kwana na view of cikin Kiyayewa iya ganin kwance a kasa na ado. Amma tun da Euclid bai ba da cikakkun bayani game da wannan kwarewa ba, Cleomede an dauke shi masanin kimiyya na farko wanda yayi nazarin cikakken bayani.

Maganar bincikensa shi ne yaduwar haske a cikin ruwa - ya lura cewa idan an saukar da dogon sanda a cikin ruwa ta hanyar da wani ɓangare na ci gaba da kasancewa a sama, zanewar hankali yana faruwa a iyakar tsakanin iska da ruwa. Amma a gaskiya ma sandan ya kasance mai laushi, don haka dalilin da wannan sakamako na gani ya kasance a yaudarar gani?

Binciken wannan sabon abu ya fi dacewa, Cleomed ya lura cewa idan hasken haske ya shiga digiri mai yawa daga wani matsakaici mai mahimmanci, yayinda yake samun jagora marar kuskure (wato, yana da kusurwa game da iyakoki na kafofin watsa labaru biyu), to, matsakaici wanda ke da matsayi mai girma yana kare shi zuwa tsayi Jagora.

Wannan ya nuna cewa ya bayyana yiwuwar ganin Sun na dan lokaci bayan faɗuwar rana.

Mai tsabta ya ba da halayyar mafi yawan al'amuran da aka kwatanta da batun haske kawai a cikin wasu gwaje-gwaje na zamani, amma duk da haka ya ba da cikakkiyar ra'ayi game da ka'idoji na wannan tsari. Daga bisani wani masanin kimiyya na Girkanci, wanda ya rayu a karni daya daga baya, Cleomed, ya ci gaba da binciken kimiyyar da magajinsa ya fara, kuma kusan ya kusa kusa da rarraba ka'idoji na jiki wanda wutar lantarki ta yi.

Bayan da ya gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da yawa, Claudius Ptolemy ya iya kafa kimanin kusurwa, wanda abin da yake haskakawa a cikin wannan ko wannan matsakaici. Sabili da haka, saboda abin da ya faru a yayin da haske ya sauko daga zurfin ruwa zuwa gilashi, kusurwar jigilar ita ce 0.88 na kusurwa. Ga sauran kafofin watsa labarai, wannan darajar ta bambanta - don iska da ruwa shi ne 0.76, kuma don iska da gilashin 0.67.

Amma cikakken kafa dokoki, bisa ga abin da aka sauko da haske, ya ɗauki ƙarni da yawa. Fiye da mutum daya daga cikin masana kimiyya sunyi aiki don inganta ilimin da ake ciki, kuma an sake mayar da martani na karshe game da batun ƙaddamar da haske don Rene Descartes, masanin kimiyyar halitta na Faransa.

A cikin asali na masanin kimiyya na Dutch V. Snellius, hanyar da za a kwatanta yanayin kusurwa ta kama da wannan:

N = zunubi (a) / zunubi (b).

A wasu kalmomin, da Refractive index of hasken katako domin biyu musamman kafofin watsa labarai ne m, kuma canzawa hali, kuma shi ne rabo na ba tare da na kwana na abin da ya faru ga ba tare da na kwana na refraction.

A ƙarshe ya kammala aikin nazarin da kuma kwatanta zabin haske a lokacin da ya zo daga wuri guda zuwa wani, kamar yadda aka ambata, René Descartes. Ya ba da kwatanci cewa abin da ya dace ya nuna ainihin tsari na ƙin haske, kwatanta shi tare da kwallon da yake tashi cikin iska. Idan, a yayin jirginsa, ya fuskanci haske sosai kuma yana da bakin ciki don ya karya ta kuma ci gaba da motsawa, zai rasa wasu daga cikin gudunmawarsa ta asali kuma sau da yawa ya canza fasalin jirgin.

Similar articles

 

 

 

 

Trending Now

 

 

 

 

Newest

Copyright © 2018 ha.delachieve.com. Theme powered by WordPress.