Ta yaya aka ƙididdige rubutun mai juyawa

Shafin (indexing refractive) wani lambobi ne wanda ke nuna halayen mai karfin maɗaukaki. Nuna a fakaice shi soma da Latin harafi n. Bambanci tsakanin cikakkiyar takaddama mai nunawa da haɗin kai.

Na farko an lasafta ta daya daga cikin matakai guda biyu:

N = zunubi α / sin β = const (inda zunubi α shine sine na kusurwa, kuma sin β shine sine na kuskuren ƙwaƙwalwar haske ta shiga cikin matsakaici daga ɓoye)

Ko

n = c / _υ λ (inda c - gudu haske a injin, _υ λ - gudu haske a cikin gwajin matsakaici).

A nan lissafin ya nuna sau sau sau hasken ya canza saurin yaduwa a lokacin sauyawa daga wuri zuwa matsakaici matsakaici. Ta haka ne, ƙayyadadden sakamako (cikakke) an ƙaddara. Don gano dangi, yi amfani da tsari:

n = n ₂ / n _1.

Wato, a wannan yanayin, cikakke nau'i-nau'i na abubuwa masu yawa, misali iska da gilashi, an dauke su.

Kullum magana, cikakkun masu kwakwalwa na kowane jikin, ko gaji, ruwa ko samfurin, kullum suna da yawa fiye da 1. Mahimmanci, lambobin su suna daga 1 zuwa 2. A sama 2, wannan ƙimar za ta iya kasancewa a cikin lokuta masu ban mamaki. Tamanin wannan saitin don wasu wurare:

• Rajjar gilashi mai zurfi (rawanin) - 1,5163;
• Air - 1.000292;
• Glycerol 1,473;
• Ether - 1.358;
• Abullar Ethyl - 1.363;
• Ƙungiyar Carbon - 1.629;
• plexiglass - 1,49.

Wannan darajar cikin aikace-aikace zuwa abu mafi mahimmanci a duniya, lu'u-lu'u, shine 2.42. Sau da yawa a lokacin nazarin kimiyya, da dai sauransu, ana buƙatar sanin alamar yaduwar ruwa. Wannan saitin shine 1.334.

Tun da maƙallin shine mai nuna alama, ba shakka, maras tabbas, an sanya alamar zuwa harafin n. Ma'anarsa kuma tana taimakawa wajen fahimtar abin da kewayar kiɗa wanda aka ba da shi. Yayin da ake la'akari da wannan abu, amma tare da ƙarin haske mai tsawon haske, alamar nunawa zai rage. Wannan yanayin kuma yana haifar da ƙaddamarwar hasken cikin bakan yayin da yake wucewa ta tabarau, da jumla, da sauransu.

Da girman girman fassarar, zaku iya ƙayyade, alal misali, yawan ɗayan abubuwa an narkar da wani. Wannan yana da amfani, alal misali, a cikin samfur ko kuma lokacin da kake bukatar sanin sashin sukari, 'ya'yan itace ko berries a ruwan' ya'yan itace. Wannan alamar yana da mahimmanci a ƙayyadadden ƙwayar man fetur, da kayan ado, lokacin da kake buƙatar tabbatar da amincin dutse, da dai sauransu.

Don ƙayyade bayanin haɓakawa, ana amfani da na'urar ta musamman da ake kira refractometer. Don amfani da shi, da farko dole ne a tsabtace shi da zane mai laushi, sannan kuma a yi amfani da sauyin sau 2-3 na gwajin gwaji zuwa prism shiga cikin tsari. Next, musamman farantin kusa da hasken rana.

Ba tare da amfani da duk wani abu ba, sikelin da aka gani a cikin ido na na'urar zai zama launin shuɗi. Idan ka ɗora a kan kwandon ruwa mai tsabta, tare da gyara daidai da kayan aiki, iyakar launuka mai launin shuɗi da fari za ta ƙare a zero. A cikin nazarin wani abu, zai motsa tare da sikelin bisa ga fassarar haɗin da ke cikin shi.