Mene ne akanta na sake yiwuwar tohowarsu, a tsire-tsire?

Kara yawan mutane da jinsin - mafi muhimmanci aiki na wani kwayoyin. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa, tare da jima'i haifuwa asexual bayyana. Tsire-tsire suna saba da su tasiri watsa, ta amfani da gabobin jikinsa. Mene ne akanta na sake yiwuwar tohowarsu? Menene amfani ko rashin amfani wannan hanyar?

Menene sake yiwuwar tohowarsu?

Daya daga cikin raga na da wanzuwar wani rai gabar - wasa nasu irin. Don warware wannan matsala, shuke-shuke, da dabbobi, kwayoyin cuta, da kuma sauran mambobin da nazarin halittu duniya sun sami nasu hanyoyin da za a kara da lambar. Ba abin mamaki haifuwa an sanya daya daga cikin sigogi na duk rayuwa tare da ci gaban, makamashi metabolism, da haƙuri da ciki yanayi, da sauransu. D.

Sake yiwuwar tohowarsu - shi ne hanyar da sa hannu na jam sel aka ba da ake bukata. Gametes taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin samuwar wani sabon tayi a kayyade kayan, duk da haka, ba ko da yaushe zai yiwu don canzawa zuwa jima'i haifuwa hanya. Mene ne akanta na sake yiwuwar tohowarsu?

Ga wasu kwayoyin, kamar kwayoyin - shi ne kawai hanyar ƙara yawan size. Ga Sauran dabbobi da shuka duniya asexual da kuma jima'i haifuwa ake bukata a daidai gwargwado. Idan na farko da ake amfani da gwada yawa karuwa a yawan, na biyu - ga ingancin (watau canji kayyade abu).

Nau'in na sake yiwuwar tohowarsu,

Wasa nasu irin a high gudun - wancan ne abin da yake da nazarin halittu muhimmancin sake yiwuwar tohowarsu, kwayoyin. Wannan irin haifuwa ne dadadde, kuma haka ta dominance kololuwa a cikin low ci gaban da kwayoyin. Next za a gabatar iri sake yiwuwar tohowarsu, wanda zai iya faruwa a daban-daban taxonomic kungiyoyin.

1. Binary fission. Wannan irin haifuwa shi ne hankula ga mafiya yawa daga cikin wakilan prokaryotes da protozoa. A cell Forms mai gangara bangare wanda ya raba shi a cikin rabin, game da shi, kafa biyu ya Kwayoyin.
2. Schizogony. Wannan hanya za a iya daukarsa a matsayin inganta version na binary division, a lokacin da daya cell tasowa da dama rassa. Da farko raba core, sa'an nan - da cell kanta. Wannan irin yaduwa za a iya lura a cikin rayuwar sake zagayowar Sporozoa (msl, Plasmodium falciparum), da kuma wasu algae.
3. Budding. Duk da sauki daga binary fission da schizogony, ba duka kwayoyin, wadannan kiwo hanyoyin iya zama mai tasiri. Domin wadannan m metazoans kamar yadda Coelenterates, halin dake tasowa - samuwar wani sabon jiki a cikin hanyar outgrowth, wanda aka fara da alaka da mutum daga cikin iyaye, sa'an nan kashe. Idan da irin wannan "koda" ba katse, samar da mazauna da dama kwayoyin. Budding ne ma halayyar da yisti.
4. Fragmentation. Wannan haifuwa dogara ne a kan irin na jiki ta ikon regenerate. Shi ne halayyar planarians, nemerteans, Sponges, wasu filamentous algae. Lokacin inji lalacewar iyaye mutum za a iya raba da dama sassa, kowanne daga abin da bada Yunƙurin zuwa wani sabon jiki.
5. Sporulation ko spore samuwar. A mafi m irin sake yiwuwar tohowarsu, tun da samuwar da shawarwari ne na yin musayar bayanan jinsi. A sakamakon haka, da genotype daga cikin zuriyar shi ne ɗan daban-daban daga abin da iyaye da tsuntsaye. Sporulation za a iya lura a fungi, algae, horsetails, ferns, gansakuka, gansakuka.

Mene ne akanta na sake yiwuwar tohowarsu, na shuke-shuke?

A shuka ce an raba mulkinka cikin spore da iri. Tsohon hada da mosses, horsetails, kulob din mosses, ferns, kuma zuwa na biyu - gymnosperms da angiosperms. Sake yiwuwar tohowarsu, ta spore shuke-shuke ne yafi a cikin samuwar spores. A gymnosperms da angiosperms sporulation zauna a matsayin tsaka-tsaki mataki a cikin zargin gametes (microspores da megaspory). Sake bugun ta yin amfani da jiki ta gabobin - cewa shi ne abin da nazarin halittu muhimmancin sake yiwuwar tohowarsu, a tsire-tsire.

Vegetative haifuwa ne halayyar kawai ga sosai raya jinsunan Flora, kuma shi ne ma kawai irin sake yiwuwar tohowarsu. A wannan hanya na spore shi ne musamman rare. Wannan wani al'amari, abin da yake akanta na sake yiwuwar tohowarsu, a tsire-tsire.

Ta yaya ne haifuwa jinsin vegetatively?

1. Gyara na kara. Wadannan sun hada da kwararan fitila, corms, rhizomes, stolons, tubers, gashin baki. A wadannan shuka gabobin suna kafa rudimentary buds daga wanda sabon harbe girma. Wannan hanya na haifuwa za a iya samu a Tulip, narcissus, albasa, blackberries, Iris, strawberries, dankali da sauransu. D.
2. Akidar tubers (korneklubni). Wadannan jikin su ne adventitious Tushen, wanda ake kara haja gina jiki. Korneklubnyami irin Violet, Urushalima artichoke, dahlia.
3. Cuttings. Raba - shi ne wani ɓangare na kara, wanda ya ƙunshi akalla daya kumburi da adventitious buds. Wani lokaci isa ya yi kiwo a takardar ba tare da kara. Misalai na shuke-shuke: Begonia, Fuchsia, Dracaena, da dai sauransu ...

A nazarin halittu rawar da sake yiwuwar tohowarsu, na shuke-shuke

Tsari gamete samuwar dogara a kan al'amurra da dama. Sau da yawa, sake yiwuwar tohowarsu, na iya zama mafi tasiri, domin za a iya za'ayi ba tare da hannu na gametes. Domin spore shuke-shuke da shi gabã ɗaya ne babban bangare ne na rai sake zagayowar. Domin zuriya - a vegetative haifuwa, a cikin abin da za ka iya ƙara yawan mutane.

Mene ne akanta na sake yiwuwar tohowarsu? Wannan zai ba kawai gudun, amma kuma 'yanci da aiwatar da tsari. Idan jima'i haifuwa ganiya muhalli da yanayi da ake bukata na balaga da shuka, da asexual iya faruwa a kusan kowane lokaci na rayuwar mutum.

Duk da haka, vegetative yaduwa yana da nasa drawbacks. Alal misali, tare da irin wannan haifuwa ne babu musayar bayanan jinsi. Wannan yana nufin cewa da shuka ba saba da yawan al'ummomi zuwa sabon muhalli yanayi, kuma wannan zai iya kai wa ga wata asarar jama'ar na kwafi masu kunnen doki samu.

A amfani da mutum sake yiwuwar tohowarsu, na shuke-shuke

A tsari na haifuwa ne yadu amfani a cikin kasuwanci. Vegetative haifuwa na shuke-shuke damar shuka babbar takardunsu na ƙasar dankali, albasa, beets, karas, strawberries, strawberry da sauransu. D.

Har ila yau vegetative yaduwa damar kara yawan forage, kayan lambu, ornamental amfanin gona, da inganta juriya na shuke-shuke zuwa m muhalli da yanayi via inoculation.