Mawãƙi Yakov Polonsky: takaice dai biography, art, waqoqi da kuma ban sha'awa facts

Ba sau da yawa tuna mawãƙi JP Polonsky (1819-1898) halitta da yawa ayyuka ba kawai a cikin shayari amma a litattafan. Duk da haka, har yanzu, yafi a cikin romantic ayyukan zama romance. Mawãƙi dan hanya a kusa da ƙarfi, amma ba ruwanta da al'adar motherland. ya fi ganin darajarsa a cikin "Bell".

kananan mahaifarsa

A quietest na Ryazan, a wani karamin lardin gari, a cikin dare na 6 zuwa 7 Disamba 1819 haife baby, wanda makonni biyu baya da suka kira a baftisma Yakubu. Ya inna ya kasance a wani ball a Gwamnan-general, amma bayan koyon cewa, 'yar'uwarsu da aka amince tsĩrar a haihuwa, bar ball su kawo su gaisuwa. Rhode Polonsky ya tsufa, wanda ya tafi daga Poland zuwa shigar da sabis na Ivanu Groznomu. Polonsky da wani gashi na makamai a kan Azure bango wanda aka nuna a cikin star na shida ƙahonin, kwalkwali da tsuntsun Makka gashinsa da kuma matasa watan. The mahaifin na mawãƙi mai kyau ilimi ba zai iya samun, amma koyi karatu da kuma rubuta, kuma yana da kyau rubutun hannu. Ya kasance mai lafiya jami'in, da kuma wani babban iyali da ake bukata domin shi haddi halin kaka. Yakov shi ne mafi yaro, kuma a Bugu da kari ya yi 'ya'ya shida. A karshe haihuwa da uwarsa mutu, Natalia Yakovlevna. The yaro sha wahala da azãba mai raɗaɗi ta mutuwa, da kuma ya zama kamar ma shi cewa mahaifiyarsa da aka binne da rai. Kamar yadda wani yaro, Yakov Polonsky sau da yawa gani mummunan mafarki. Sai ya firgita. HASASHEN fara aiki, ya bayyana poetic images. A yayana da aka gaya musu tatsuniyoyi ƙirƙira da ƙaramin ya fara asirce rubuta wakoki.

bayan makarantar sakandare

Yakov Polonsky Ryazan sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare a 1838. A wannan lokaci, mahaifina karaigaba da mutuwa da ya ƙaunataccen matarsa, ya bauta wa shekara uku a cikin Caucasus, ya koma garinsu. A cikin hali na yara, shi ya kasance ba ya tsoma baki. Amma Yakubu ya da wani taron wanda ya dauki wani milestone ransa. A 1837 ya ziyarci Ryazan Tsesarevich Aleksandr Nikolaevich, tare da VA Zhukovsky. Sun Yakubu Polonsky gabatar nan gaba sarki daya daga cikin halittun. Wannan taro an haɗa zuwa duk tunani na wani saurayi da wallafe-wallafen ayyukan. Daga 1838 zuwa 1844 shekaru, Yakov Polonsky karatu ne, a Moscow University. Ya sosai matalauta, saboda iyali ne gaba daya fatattakakkun, da kuma iya kawai dõgara a kan nasu ƙarfi. Rent gidaje a cikin slums ya yi rai da tutoring da kuma masu zaman kansu darussa. Akwai kwanaki lokacin da abincin rana da kuma ya ba a kan cewa. Yana da ya yi tare da shayi, kuma a yi. A wannan lokacin ya hankali Masana A. Grigoriev kuma A. su ɗauko, posted ratings talanti ɗaya na matasa mawãƙi ne. Wahayi, ya buga a "Notes da Fatherland" a 1840, da waka "alfarma kauri karrarawa ƙaho." Circle of abokai a Moscow ya kumbura. A gidan wani daga zuriyar Decembrist Nikolai Orlov, Yakov Polonsky gana da Farfesa T. Granovsky, Falsafa P. Chaadaev. Har ila yau, a shekarar 1942, ya shafi Buhari abokai da Ivan Turgenev, wanda zai goyi bayan rubutu.

Tarin "Gamma"

A 1844, Petr Yakovlevich Chaadaev rayayye tattara biyan kudi ga littafin na farko littafin na matasa mawãƙi ne. Lyrics Lermontov bar wata alama a kan shi. Amma Belinsky matsayin dukan bada m review. Sèka lura a cikin ayar "m shayari kashi". Nikolai litattafan Gogol sake mase yanayi wa kansu daya daga cikin waqe. VA Zhukovsky gabatar da matasa kasida Agogon nuna cewa ya nuna yabo da godiya da basira. Lev Sergeyevich Pushkin ba shi da wani invaluable kyauta - wani fayil na wa baiwa ɗan'uwansa.

Odessa

Bayan kammala karatu da kuma motsi zuwa kudu da biography na rayuwar Yakova Polonskogo cika idon sani da mutane na Pushkin ta da'irar. Harmony da kuma tsabta faye hali na biyu tarin mawãƙi, "Poems 1845". Duk da haka Belinsky ba su sami shi da wani cin nasara samfur.

Caucasus

A marmarin samun sabon kwaikwayo kai Yakov Petrovich a Tiflis a 1846. Yana hidima a matsayin ofishin gwamnan MS Vorontsov kuma a lokaci guda aiki a cikin jaridar "Herald na Transcaucasian" mataimakin edita. A da shi, ya kuma buga. A kan m abu na Caucasus, ya aka kokarin aiki a cikin gargajiya Genre na ballads da waqe. A daidai wannan lokaci, shi yana amfani da ƙasa da na kowa raznostopnye masu girma dabam. A 1849 da mawãƙi fito da wani tarin "Sandazar". Amma a 1851 da ya zo Rasha a matsayin koyi game da tsanani da rashin lafiya na mahaifinsa.

Petersburg

Saboda haka Yakova Polonskogo biography gaya labarin da ya koma Rasha, inda ya aka warmly samu ta hanyar karatu da kuma marubuta. Amma abu alheri ba. A 1857, sai aka tilasta zama repeater. A wannan damar, ya accompanies iyali SA Smirnova-Rosset, yana da wani musamman m, da wuya a Switzerland. Amma shekaru 38 - wannan ba shi ne shekaru a lokacin da ba za ka iya jure son zũciyõyin ma'aikata. Bayan 'yan watanni ya ke da matsayi da kuma ziyara zuwa Geneva, Roma, Paris.

enamored mawãƙi

A Faransa babban birnin kasar, akwai wani "m taron" kamar yadda aka kira da mawãƙi, tare da nan gaba matarsa. Wannan yarinya, Elena Ustyuzhskaya, shi yaro, cikin soyayya da aure ya jira domin game da wani shekara. A 1858, da suka yi aure da kuma tafi St. Petersburg. Ya budurwata aka dauke a nan gaba miji ciki nobility. Alas, da aure da aka short-rayu. Kamar biyu shekaru dade da farin ciki. A farko, an yi rikice drop Yakov da droshky. Ya ƙwarai ji rauni da ya kafa, wanda ya ba shi hutawa ba har sai karshen rayuwa, kuma ya yi amfani da crutches. Sa'an nan ya mutu watanni shida ɗa, watanni da dama daga baya, da kuma matarsa. Ga wani taƙaitaccen biography Yakova Polonskogo alaka ta farko da aure. Wistful mawãƙi fantsama fita daga zurfin "The tsuntsun seagull" rai na waka, "The hauka na baƙin ciki," "Idan kawai your soyayya ...".

biyu aure

Literary kamasho zai yiwu ba, Yakov Petrovich, kuma ya fara aiki a kan wani kwamiti na waje katsalandan. 6 shekaru bayan rushewar farko da aure, ya da dama cikin soyayya da Zhozefinu Ryulman. Wannan labari ya ƙare da aure, wanda za a haifi 'ya'ya biyu maza da' ya mace. Gidansa halitta a wallafe-wallafen-m salon, wanda a kan Juma'a ne za kala Petersburg kawo dukkan: kasida, marubuta, composers, painters, sukar. Akwai tafasar al'adu rai na babban birnin kasar. A wannan taƙaitaccen biography of Yakova Polonskogo a cikin gabatarwa yanzu zuwa ga ƙarshe. A bikin na 50th tunawa da wallafe-wallafen aiki na Polonsky shi aka bayar ga wani azurfa wreath da kuma Grand Duke Konstantin Romanov sadaukar da waka.

Romances zuwa kalmomi Polonsky

Romantic, kokarin amsa ga zamantakewa da siyasa al'amurran da suka shafi, duk da haka a zukatanmu ake dangantawa da romance. Yakov Polonsky, wanda waqe ƙaunar da yawa Rasha composers, domin da yawa know, na farko, a cikin kalmomi, "My wuta a cikin hazo haske". Ga jerin songs a kan kalmomi, yanzu-yanzu bai cika ba:

• mawaki EF Napravnik:

Birdie: "Yana wari tsabta iska filin".

Waltz "Ray na Hope".

Addu'a: "Ubanmu! Dan addu'a: ba kunne ... ".

• SV Rachmaninov:

Ganawa: "Jiya da muka hadu ...".

Music: "Kuma iyo da kuma girma wadannan ban mamaki sauti ...".

Dissonance: "Bari nufin rabo ...".

• AG Rubinstein:

Duma: "The alfarma karrarawa rantsuwarsu sauti ...".

Loss: "Lokacin da wani hango rabuwa ...".

• PI Tchaikovsky:

"A waje, a cikin inuwar flicker".

Af, Tchaikovsky Polonsky rubuta da libretto na opera "The silifa". Bugu da kari ga irin wannan karamin yawan songs jera a cikin wannan labarin, za ka iya koma zuwa aikin Bunin cewa line daga wani waka da J. Polonsky sa a cikin suna na daya daga cikin labarun, wato "A daya saba titi."

Polonsky mutu yana da shekaru 78 a, da aka binne a kusa da Ryazan. Kuma yanzu reburied a cikin Ryazan Kremlin. All waqe Polonsky, Yakov Petrovich samu a shirye martani daga Sahaban da kuma na gaba da al'ummomi na Symbolists, musamman a Blok. A Soviet sau da shi ba bayar da wani (!) Daga aikin sadaukar da rayuwarsa da kuma aiki. Yanzu Ryazan yankin kwararru zuwa gyara wannan halin da ake ciki ta hanyar bayarwa monographs, articles, da kuma littattafan, wanda mayar da mu zãlunci manta mawãƙi, bar mai girma m al'adunmu.