Stanislaw Lem da labari "Solaris"

1961 th aka alama ba kawai mutum na farko jirgin cikin sarari, amma kuma da cewa labari "Solaris" da aka farko da aka buga a cikin shekara. Marubucin wannan dama samfurin da aka a Polish marubuci na Yahudawa asalin Stanislaw Lem. "Solaris" shi aka qaddara domin zama ba kawai da ya fi shahara daga cikin ayyukan da marubuci, amma kuma bar wani kafu daram alama a dama adabi na duniya.

Stanislaw Lem - marubucin labari "Solaris"

Stanislaw Lem, ko kamar yadda suka kira shi a cikin Stanisław Lem mahaifarsa, an haife shi a Ukrainian birnin Lviv, wanda a wancan lokaci ya kasance daga Poland. } Ananan yara, daga nan gaba marubuci shige can. Bayan makarantar sakandare, matasa Stanislaw zaba likita sana'a kuma suka tafi a kan ya yi nazarin magani a Jami'ar Lviv. Duk da haka, tare da fashewa daga cikin yakin duniya na biyu, Lem aka tilasta su bar makaranta da kuma samun wani aiki a matsayin walda.

A marubuci kuma, uwãyensa sun kasance Yahudawa. Duk da haka, sun kasance iya kauce wa fitarwa da kuma a gidan yari, a maida hankali sansanonin saboda ƙirƙira takardun.

Bayan da yaki, Lviv ya zama wani ɓangare na Tarayyar Soviet, da kuma Lem, a iyakacin duniya, da aka tilasta wa barin garinsu da kuma matsawa zuwa Krakow. A nan sai ya ci gaba da karatu a cikin Jagiellonian University.

A nauyi post-yaki lokacin albashi daga Stanislaw Lem sun kananan. To sami karin kudi a cikin kayayyakin lokaci, hukuma aikin, da ya fara rubuta gajeren almarar labaru. Ba da da ewa Lem iyawa aka nuna godiya, da ƙarin kashi ya zama da babban aiki.

A shekarar 1951, marubucin wallafa farko da manyan aiki - almarar labari " 'yan saman jannati". Wannan aikin sa Lem sani ba kawai a Poland amma a ko'ina cikin duniya. "Jannati" da aka fassara shi zuwa wasu harsuna da kuma sau da yawa bugawa.

A m shekaru, shi ya fita da yawa daga cikin marubuci. Litattafan "Magellanic Cloud", "bincike", "Eden", "Koma daga Stars", "Memoirs Found a cikin baho", "iya karawa," "The muryar Ubangiji", "Qatar" da sauransu. A sake zagayowar na m labaru game da "The Star tsarin sautinsu," da Kasadar da wani xan sama jannatin, wani kundin} asidu, "hirar", wani m labarin "mamayewa daga Aldebaran." Series "Tatsũniyõyi mutummutumi" labaru, "The Cyberiad," "Tatsũniyõyi ne na Pirx da Pilot", "cikakkar fanko" da yafi. Daga cikin ayyukan da marubucin matsayin autobiographical labari game da yara a Lviv "High Castle" kuma mafi shahara a duniya falsafa almarar labari "Solaris".

Marubuci ya rasu a watan Maris 2006, daga zuciya matsaloli da aka binne shi a Krakow.

Takaitacciyar labari "Solaris"

A nan gaba, Adam ne rayayye tasowa sarari. A kan daya shekara ɗari da talatin kafin labari duniya Solaris An gano by masana kimiyya. A farko, mutane zaton cewa inda ba wanda yake zaune. Ba da da ewa, duk da haka, bil'adama koya cewa kiseleobrazny teku, rufe dukan surface na duniya - dabba. Jama'a suka yi murna da fara kama hanyar yin lamba tare da wannan tunani. Amma na karshe karni, da kuma yin shi haka kuma ya kasa.

A bincike da tashar a kan Solaris zo da wani sabon ma'aikaci - a psychologist Chris Kelvin. Halayyar da sauran tashar ma'aikata - Snauta da Sartorius - alama sosai m. Bugu da ƙari, na uku mai suna Gibaryan jami'in jim kadan kafin zuwa na Chris kashe kansa.

Kelvin basu da lokaci zuwa nike duk labarai, shi ba a san inda ya tsohon budurwa bayyana Hari. Duk da haka, wannan ba zai iya zama da shi, kamar yadda ta yi da zarar ya kashe kansa. Duk yunkurin rabu da Chris Hari m - ta dawo kuma da sake. Ba da da ewa psychologist tarar cewa kowane ƙungiya memba na da irin wannan uninvited "bako" na baya. Yana jũya a cikin wani lokacin da mutanen karatu Solaris, duniyar tamu, ma, ya fara gudanar da "gwaje-gwajen" a kan su masu bincike. Don yin wannan, shi materializes abubuwan da zafi da kunya tunanin mutane zama a duniya.

Calvin, kuma ga 'yan'uwanmu fama an rayayye neman hanyar mu rabu da su "baƙi", da ake kira Phantoms. Duk da haka, ba su yi aiki. A halin yanzu, Chris fara zama a haɗe zuwa Hari, wanda ke zama mafi mutum da zarar ta ƙiri game da asalin. Farga cewa ita, ta yi ƙoƙari ya kashe kanta, amma ba ta fito.

Kelvin zarar daina nemi wata hanya zuwa rabu da Hari. Amma comrades tare da yarinya asirce ci gaba da gudanar da bincike. Sun gudanar a cimma nasara, kuma ya halaka dukan fatalwowi a tashar, ciki har da Hari.

Chris ne sosai kau saboda wannan asara. Takwarorinsa ji tsõron ya yi wani abu na gaggawa - busa up duniya ko kashe kansa. Amma tsanani sake tunani da ya faru, Kelvin yanke shawarar da ya zauna a kan Solaris da kuma kara bincike.

Tarihi na rubuta wani labari

The labari "Solaris" ya ba da farko manyan ayyukan almarar Lem. Duk da haka, shi ya fara motsa daga marubuci na utopian images of nan gaba, na hali na fari mai robot.

Babban ɓangare na "Solaris" da aka rubuta a cikin bazara na shekarar 1959, a lokacin da Stanislaw Lem hutu a kudancin Poland. Amma a lokacin da ya koma gida, marubucin jefa da ba a kare ba rubutum domin kusan shekara. A shekarar 1960, Lem yanke shawarar da har yanzu gama da labari "Solaris". Don wannan karshen, ya kammala karshe babi, kazalika da tace a baya aka rubuta rubutu. A shekarar 1961, wani labari da aka buga a Poland, da kuma a cikin m shekaru shi an fara fassara shi zuwa wasu harsuna.

Kamar yadda daga baya ya rubuta a cikin autobiographical littattafai ya Lem, abubuwa da yawa a cikin littafinsa "Solaris" ya inexplicable masa. Duk da yake aiki a wani labari, marubucin wani lokacin ya zama kamar ma cewa wani ya gaya masa yadda kuma abin da ya rubuta.

allo version

A shekarar 1963 ya aka canjawa wuri zuwa Rasha harshen "Solaris". The labari ya haka yarda da Soviet da masu karatu cewa kawai shekaru biyar bayan buga muradinsa aka yin fim a TV show tare da Vasiliem Lanovym starring.

A shekara ta 1972, Andrei Tarkovsky dauki cikakken movie a kan labari da Lem da Donatas Banionis kamar yadda Kelvin. A halin yanzu, marubucin labari ne quite barnatar da mayar da martani kan sake tunani na "Solaris" Tarkovsky, cewa mai girma, darektan gane ba shirinsa.

A farkon biyu dubbai Stanislaw Lem miƙa fim da labari a Hollywood. Bayan da gazawar da Tarkovsky marubuci zauna, amma m. Kuma a 2002 a kan fuska daga cikin uku karbuwa daga cikin labari "Solaris". Abin takaici, shi ya juya ga zama ma fi m daga asali motsi hoto maimakon 1972.

A shekara ta 2016 kiwon 55 shekaru tun da littafin da littafin Stanislava Lema, "Solaris". The labari a tsawon shekaru ya ba rasa ta munasaba kuma ya ci gaba da ta da hankali da zukatan mafi kuma mafi sabon ƙarni na karatu.