Marshal Govorov Leonid Aleksandrovich: biography, awards

Leonid Govorov ya kasance daya daga cikin mashahuran shugabannin yakin duniya na II. Ya jagoranci fadace-fadace da Jamus a fadin kasar, da kuma a shekarar 1944 saki daga zama Karelia Finns. Domin ya m isa yabo Govorov samu title of Marshal na Tarayyar Soviet.

farkon shekaru

A nan gaba Marshal na Tarayyar Soviet Govorov Leonid Aleksandrovich aka haife Fabrairu 22, 1897 a Vyatka lardin - wani m kusurwa na bear na Rasha Empire. Butyrka (ƙasarsa kauyen) ya talakawa lardin gari. Soja rayuwa ne sosai kama da rayukan takwarorina, wanda matasa da a yakin duniya na farko, juyin juya halin da kuma} ungiyoyin.

Ƙananan yara, Leonid Govorov da aka gudanar a Yelabuga, inda mahaifinsa ya yi aiki a matsayin magatakarda. A 1916, wani saurayi ya sauke karatu daga wani fasaha makaranta, kuma ko da ya shiga Petrograd Polytechnic Institute. Duk da haka, a cikin wannan Disamba ya aka girke a cikin sojojin. Yana da aka yakin duniya na farko, da kuma jihar ne kõma daga raya daga cikin latest adam albarkatun. Bayan da Fabrairu juyin juya halin, Leonid Govorov samu wani sabon suna. Lieutenant a Rasha sojojin hadu a watan Oktoba 1917. Zo ga ikon, da Bolsheviks yarjejeniya tare da Jamus, da kuma mafi yawan soja da aka demobilized. Lieutenant koma zuwa Yelabuga ga iyaye.

yakin basasa

A kaka 1918, Govorov Leonid Aleksandrovich shiga cikin White Army. A wannan lokaci, ƙasarsa ta ƙasar da aka karkashin iko da magoya bayan Kolchak. The jami'in dauki bangare a cikin spring m na fata. Ya yi yaƙi kusa Ufa, Chelyabinsk, kuma a Yammacin Siberia. Kolchak zarar ya fara tattara zuwa gabas. A watan Nuwamba, 1919, Govorov yashe. A watan Janairu, ya shiga cikin 51th dakaru Division na Red Army.

Akwai Govorov Leonid Aleksandrovich sadu da wani nan gaba Marshal - Vasiliem Blyuherom. A shekara ta 1919 ya umarci sosai 51 th dakaru Division, kuma a lokacin Stalinist danniya aka harbe. A karkashin Blucher Govorov samu shiriyarsa manyan bindigogi bataliya. A karshe mataki na yakin basasa, nan gaba leftana bayyana a Ukraine inda ya zauna da karshe manyan kungiyar na kãfira fari. Shi ne mai Wrangel sojojin. A waɗannan fadace-fadace, 1920. Govorov Leonid Aleksandrovich karbi biyu raunuka - daya a karkashin Kakhovka, mafi in Antonovka yankin.

tsawon zaman lafiya

Bayan kammala yakin basasa, Leonid Govorov zo ya zauna da kuma aiki a Ukraine. A shekarar 1923 aka nada shugaban manyan bindigogi na 51st dakaru Division Perekopskaya. Ya m aiki a cikin sojojin ya faru ta samar da koyar da sana'o'i. A shekara ta 1933 Govorov sauke karatu daga Darussan a cikin Frunze Soja Academy. Sai dai wannan ba duk. Koyo da Jamusanci da harshen da kuma wucewa da dacewa Nazarin, ya zama wani soja fassara. A shekarar 1936, sojoji suka shiga sabuwar bude Academy of Gaba Staff, kuma jim kadan kafin a samu a daraja, na birged kwamandan. Bayan kammala karatu daga horo, da ya fara koyar da a harbi Academy suna bayan Dzerzhinsky.

A 1940 da yaki tare da Finland. Govorov aka nada shugaban ma'aikata na manyan bindigogi a cikin 7th Army. Ta dauki bangare a cikin fadace-fadace a kan Karelian Isthmus. A birged kwamandan aka shirya nasara Finnish tsaron gida Mannerheim Line. Bayan sanya hannu na zaman lafiya ya Manjo-Janar na harbi.

The Great Patriotic War

A kan Hauwa'u na Great Patriotic War, Leonid Govorov aka nada a matsayin shugaban harbi Academy suna bayan Dzerzhinsky, wanda ya kwanan nan ya kammala karatunsa. Da zaran Jamus m ya fara, ya aka aiko ya ɓatar da manyan bindigogi na Yammacin Front. Na yi aiki a cikin yanayi na disorganization sojoji, da rashin sadarwa da kuma blitzkrieg maƙiyi. Yammacin Front manyan bindigogi da aka ba togiya ga wannan mulkin. A hargitsi na farko watanni na yaki ba a yarda ta dakatar da Jamusawa a Belarus ko Ukraine.

Yuli 30 a zubar da Govorov shigar da manyan bindigogi na Reserve Front. Manjo-Janar fara shirya tsaron gida ayyukan a kan tsakiyar axis na gaba na Wehrmacht. Shi ya shirya da counterattack Yelnia. Satumba 6 birnin da aka liberated. Ko da yake wannan nasarar da aka wucin gadi, ya bari wuce lokacin. A Jamus an makale a cikin Smolensk yanki watanni biyu, saboda abin da suke kan karkata daga Moscow a cikin hunturu kawai.

Fadace-fadace a kusa Moscow

A farkon watan Oktoba, ya ce ya kan Mozhaisk tsaro line, shirya ta kayayyakin more rayuwa. 15 da yawan ji rauni Dmitry Lelyushenko ya dauki umurnin 5th Army Combined makamai. The hukunci irin rawa wajen nada Georgy Zhukov, wanda kaina hannu daidai domin. Wannan samuwar jagorancin jini tsaron gida yaƙi kusa Borodino. Oktoba 18 saboda da hutu abokan adawar ce Bet rinjayi cewa wajibi ne a bar birnin. Da bata lokaci zai iya haifar da yanayi na dukan sojojinsa. Barka da aka bai. Sojojin suka tattara.

A farkon watan Nuwamba, 5th Army dauki up tsaron gida matsayi a kan karkata daga Moscow. A yãƙi ya zo nan domin kowane kilometer. Soviet sojojin da goyan bayan manyan bindigogi da kuma anti-tanki raka'a fuska. Zamanka a kan karkata daga cikin babban birnin kasar, da Red Army fara shirya wani counter-m kusa Moscow. Nuwamba 9, Leonid Govorov zama leftana-janar.

A irin mawuyacin halin da suka zo a kan Disamba 1 a lokacin da Jamusawa suka ratsa cikin gaban yankin shagaltar da ta 5th Army. Manyan bindigogi kwamandan kaina directed da tsaro. Makiya ya iya matsawa kawai nisan kilomita 10 da aka zarar ya ragu. Disamba 5, farkon Soviet counter-m a Moscow.

sabon alƙawari

A watan Afrilu 1942, Leonid Govorov taƙaice ta fita daga tsari saboda wani m hari na appendicitis. A shugaban ta 5th Army tsaya Ivan Fedyuninsky. Afrilu 25 gano Govorov samu wani sabon aiki. Ya tafi zuwa ga Leningrad gaban, waɗanda aka umarta ta da wani m kungiyar na Soviet sojojin (shi hada da 55th, 42th da 23th Army). Kasancewa a cikin wani sabon wuri, Lieutenant-Janar tare da musamman himma fara aikinsu.

Ya halitta daga karce Birnin Leningrad, ya harbi Corps, tsara don counter-baturi yaki. Saboda matsin da kwamandan a gaban isa da kuma sabo ne sabon jirgin sama crews. A kan hanyoyin Leningrad Govorov Leonid Aleksandrovich (1897-1955) Ya halitta biyar sabon garu filin yankunan. Sun zama wani ɓangare na wani tsarin na ci gaba da ramuka. Su da aka sanya kawai kammala tare da na'ura-gun kuma manyan bindigogi battalions. Domin mafi alhẽri kariya na Leningrad gaban ajiye aka kafa. Ya ce a ta yanke shawararta shiryar da m kwarewa tara a lokacin fadan kusa da Moscow. Shi ne musamman m ga halittar shãmaki raka'a, mobile kungiyoyin da sauran aiki raka'a.

Main harbi Directorate na Red Army fara samar da birnin da manyan-zamo projectiles. Wannan yarda ka fara halakar da makiya sun kewaye batura, aikata mafi lalacewar gine-gine da kuma mazauna. Govorov da a lokaci guda shirya biyu kalubale. A daya hannun, ya yi don tsara da tsaro da tunani game da keta kawancen, da kuma sauran kyaftin yi da ya fi kyau a taimaka wa yunwa ta fara addabar mutane na Leningrad.

Red Army ƙoƙarin korar Jamusawa daga cikin kusanci da Leningrad kasa. Saboda wannan, Michael Khozin (gaban kwamandan) da aka hana na ofishinsa. A wurin da aka nada Leonid Govorov. All ta cikin bazara na shekarar 1942, ya shirya da Neva sarrafawa kungiyar da kuma 55th sojojin zuwa Sinyavskaya m. Duk da haka, a cikin kaka, shi ya bayyana cewa Soviet Army a yankin kawai ba su da ƙarfi don share hanyoyin Birnin Leningrad, (wannan shi ne babban dabarun manufar taron). Oktoba 1 Govorov samu umarni janye zuwa ga asali matsayi. An yi shawarar a hedkwatar bayan yawa tattaunawa. Duk da haka, "gida fada" ci gaba. Saboda haka a cikin rahotanni da suka kasance sunã kira kananan sikelin-mataki. Ba su canza halin da ake ciki a gaban, amma kula sa saukar da makiya kama a cikin ramuka daga mahaifarsa. Lokacin da Govorovo Birnin Leningrad, ya kasu kashi sassa. Kowannen su suna da wani m sojojin. M kungiyoyin da aka kafa a cikin masana'antu, hada a cikin battalions.

Ƙoƙarin warware kawancen

Artilleryman da horo, Govorov ya a zubar da sojoji, wanda ya kunshi sojoji da duk yiwu iri iri. Amma wannan ba ya hana shi da sauri samu shiga cikin lilo na abubuwa. Ya ya iya sauri tantance halin da ake ciki da kuma san da zuciya da wuri daga cikin Soviet da kuma Jamus sojojin a kan wani gaban. Leonid Govorov ko da yaushe ya saurari hankalinsa zuwa na ƙasa da, ba soke su, ko da yake, da kuma ba su son komai verbiage. Ya kasance mutum mai tsananin kai-ƙungiya, da kuma neman guda daga wasu. A Birnin Leningrad, hedkwatar irin wannan hali kira girmawa girmamawa. Jam'iyyar shugabannin (Zhdanov, Kuznetsov, kuma Shtykov t. D.) Bi da shi tare da girmamawa.

A Janairu 1943, da Leningrad gaban aka koma a sake. Janairu 18 kawancen zobe da aka karya Arewa babban birnin kasar. Sa ya yiwu godiya ga biyu counter-tura Volkhov (a karkashin umurnin Kirilla Meretskova) da kuma Birnin Leningrad, fronts (umarta ta Leonid Govorov). maƙiyi ra'ayoyi da aka raba, da kuma dakarun Soviet hadu kudu na Lake Ladoga.

Ko kafin karshe nasara da kawancen Govorov samu da daraja na kanar general. A lokacin rani na 1943, da 67th Army, wanda ya ba da umarni, suka sashi a cikin aiki Mga. Its manufa da aka kafa iko a kan Kirov reluwe kudu na Lake Ladoga. Idan sadarwar da aka saki daga Jamus, Birnin Leningrad, zai yi abin dogara da kuma m tashar sadarwa da sauran mutanen kasar. Yana da aka nauyi yãƙi. Soviet sojojin saboda karancin sojojin ba zai iya yin dukkan ayyuka, da kuma kaka Mga protrusion zauna kusan canzawa. Duk da haka, lokacin da aka aiki ga Red Army da Wehrmacht karkashin kara wahala.

A kwata 'yanci na Birnin Leningrad,

A cikin fall na 1943, rates fara shirye-shirye don wani sabon Birnin Leningrad,-Novgorod laifi. Nuwamba 17, Leonid Govorov zama Janar na Army. A farkon shekarar 1944, sojojin karkashin shugabanci kutsa makiya defenses a kusa da Birnin Leningrad. A Janairu 27, Jamus sojojin sun riga game da mutum ɗari da kilomita daga birnin. Kawancen da aka dauke tabbatacce. A wannan rana, a madadin Govorov Stalin ya ba da umurni ga rike da wasan wuta a liberated birni.

Duk da haka, a lokacin da bikin ya kadan. Da sauri dawo zuwa da aikinsu, Leonid Govorov ya jagoranci sojojin na Leningrad gaban a cikin shugabanci na Narva. A watan Fabrairu, da Red Army haye kogi. By da spring counteroffensive ci gaba har zuwa 250 kilomita. An saki kusan dukkan Birnin Leningrad, kazalika da wasu makwabtaka Kalinin.

Yãki da Finns

Yuni 10 Front sojojin da aka aiko zuwa arewa ga Vyborg-Petrozavodsk aiki. A babban abokin hamayyarsa a cikin wannan shugabanci ya Finland. A Headquarters nemi janye daga yaki majibintan na Reich. Yaruka fara aiki fraudulent demonstrative rawar daji. A kan Hauwa'u na da Finnish m sa ido da horo tasiri a cikin Narva yankin. A halin yanzu, sojojin ruwa Soviet ya riga komowa 21 Army a kan Karelian Isthmus. Domin abokan gaba, wannan duka ya da cikakken mamaki.

Har ila yau, kafin farko na Govorov umurce su da su gudanar da manyan bindigogi horo da kuma jerin iska buga. Kan gaba kwanaki goma, da sojojin na Leningrad gaban kutsa uku Lines na tsaro a wurin da tsohon cikin Mannerheim Line, wanda aka gina a lokacin zama. Leonid Govorov halarci Soviet-Finnish yaki na 1939-1940. Ya san da yankin da kuma musamman sojojin abokan gaba.

The m gaba na Red Army da aka 'yantar da Vyborg Yuni 20, 1944. Kwanaki biyu, kafin cewa, Leonid Govorov ya zama Marshal na Tarayyar Soviet. Rank wani tunani na soja abin yabo. Ya dauki bangare a cikin kungiyar da dama da muhimmanci ayyukan: to tare da kai hare-hare na Jamus a farkon yakin, kare da Moscow, Birnin Leningrad, da warware karshe yaƙi da Finns.

Bayan na maido da Soviet da iko a Vyborg yãki aka canjawa wuri zuwa Karelian Isthmus. Akwai kusan duk Finnish sojojin (60 dubu mutane). A Soviet m aka wuya da karko wadannan wurare. Ruwa hadura, lush gandun daji, rashin hanyoyi - duk wannan ragae saukar da saki da Isthmus. Sharply ya karu hasarori na Red Army. A wannan batun, Yuli 12 Bet ba da umurni je a kan tsaron gida. Bugu da ari gaba ci gaba Karelian gaban sojojin. A watan Satumba, Finland janye daga yaki da ya shiga, sãshensu waliyyai '.

A lokacin rani marigayi da kaka na shekarar 1944, Marshal Govorov raya ayyukan a Estonia 'yantar. A watan Oktoba, ya kuma gudanar da ayyukan da sojojin a cikin kwata 'yanci na Riga. Da zarar babban birnin kasar Latvia aka barrantar da Jamusawa, da saurã daga cikin Wehrmacht sojojin a cikin Baltic kasashen da aka katange a Courland. The sallama na wannan kungiya da aka soma May 8, 1945.

bayan da yaki,

A peacetime, Leonid Govorov fara zauna da mafi soja jagorancin matsayi. Shi ne kwamandan na Leningrad Soja District da kuma Amirul Air Tsaro. A karkashin ya jagoranci, dakarun sun tafi ta hanyar wani gagarumin reorganization. Bugu da kari, da karfe samu sabon makamai (jiragen saman yaki, anti-aircraft makamai masu linzami, radars da sauransu. D.). A kasar ne ya halitta garkuwa da zargin NATO da Amurka hare-hare a cikin kunno kai Cold War.

A shekarar 1952, na karshe Stalinist XIX Congress na CPSU, Leonid Govorov an zabe wani dan takarar memba na kwamitin tsakiya. A shekarar 1954 ne ya fara hada post na shugaban Air Defence, da mataimakin ministan tsaron na Tarayyar Soviet. M jadawalin da danniya barnatar da shafi kiwon lafiya na marshal. Leonid Govorov, ya mutu Maris 19, 1955 daga wani bugun jini yayin da kan biki a Barvikha sanatorium.

Yau, a cikin girmamawa Marshal mai suna tituna a manyan biranen tsohon Tarayyar Soviet (Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kiev, Odessa, Kirov, Donetsk, da sauransu. D.). Zama musamman da hankali ya yi ƙaunar da memory na shi a cikin tsohon Birnin Leningrad, ya kuma liberated ta hanyar da ake gudanar Kanmu karkashin shiryarwar Govorov. A biyu gine-gine da plaques da kuma wurin shakatawa a kan Fontanka River ne mai suna bayan shi. A 1999 buga yankin da aka da wani abin tunawa L. A. Govorovu.

karrama

Shekaru fada hanya Leonid Alexandrovich aka tare da wani iri-iri lambar yabo da girmamawa sunayen sarauta. A 1921, bayan da biyu raunuka gaba Marshal Govorov ya karbi Order of Red Banner. Ya aka girmama da wannan lambar yabo ga ƙarfin zuciya da kuma ƙarfin hali a lokacin Perekop-ChONGARSKIJj aiki a lokacin da Wrangel sojojin karshe ya zartar da Crimea. Bayan da Tarayyar Soviet-Finnish War Govorov samu cikin Order of Red Star.

A mafi duhu kwanaki na Great Patriotic War, a lokacin da Wehrmacht sojojin da aka sa a kusa da birnin Moscow, cewa Leonid Aleksandrovich ya kasance daya daga cikin shugabannin da tsaro na babban birnin kasar. Nuwamba 10, 1941, a kan Hauwa'u na da counteroffensive, ya samu cikin Order of Lenin. Next lada jiran shi bayan ya karya kawancen na Leningrad. Govorov Leonid Aleksandrovich, wanda biography ne a tarihin daya daga cikin fice shugabannin yakin duniya na II, karbi Bambanta Order of Suvorov na digiri.

Ya na da hannu a cikin da yawa nasarorin da Red Army a lokacin da kwato yankin da Tarayyar Soviet ta zama dakarun na Wehrmacht. Saboda haka ba abin mamaki bane cewa Janairu 27, 1945 Marshal Govorov Leonid Aleksandrovich zama mafi kuma Hero na Tarayyar Soviet. Daga awards ma yana da yawa lambar yabo wanda aka bayar da domin kwata 'yanci ko kariya daga manyan birane.

Mayu 31, 1945, 'yan makonni bayan Jamus ta sallama, Govorov aka bayar da Order na "Nasara". A lokacin dukan zama na lamba irin wannan girmamawa bayar da kawai mutane 17, wanda, ba shakka, ya jaddada muhimmancin Leonid ta bayar da gudunmawar da shan kashi na Nazis a yakin duniya na II. Abin lura shi ne cewa, a cikin Bugu da kari ga Soviet, kuma ya samu lambobin yabo waje: da Order na Tuli na karimci (France), kazalika da Amirka Order "Tuli na karimci".