Marin Polina: "Haihuwar da Juyin Halitta"

Binciken tarihin wannan mace mai ƙananan baƙar fata da mata masu hankali yana nazarin littattafan tarihi. Kuma wasu daga cikinsu, har yanzu ba zai iya gane yadda mai sauki yarinya daga Zaporozhye iya ja da nazarin m manyan fayiloli tare da takardun da tambaya ladabi hannu "committeemen" a cikin hunturu na shekarar 1949 da sa'a tikitin da kuma zama matar wani mutum rike da wata alhakin matsayi a gwamnatin da Tarayyar Soviet .

Babu shakka, Polina Zhemchuzhina ba zai iya tunanin cewa, tun da ya zama matar Molotov, zai biyo bayan manyan rassan tattalin arziki a cikin USSR. Amma har yanzu tana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen gina kwaminisanci, kamar yadda yake nunawa ta hanyar lokaci, wanda ya faru a shekarun matashi.

Yara da matasa

Polina Zhemchuzhina (asali mai suna Pearl Semenovna Karpovskaya) wani ɗan gari ne na shirya Pologi, wanda ke cikin lardin Aleksandrovsky na lardin Ekaterinoslav. An haife ta a ranar 11 ga Maris, 1897. Mahaifinsa ya kasance mai sauƙi. Tuni yaro, Polina ya fara aiki. Na farko ta sami ma'aikata na taba a ma'aikatar taba, bayan dan lokaci sai ta koma aiki a matsayin mai siya a wata kantin magani.

Kuma nan da nan, a cikin fahimtar '' siyasa '' yarinyar, an canza canje-canje: a ƙarƙashin tasirin furofaganda da farfagandar, ta zama nauyin ra'ayoyin daidaito.

"Jam'iyyar Lenin shine ƙarfin mutane"

A lokacin da yake da shekaru 21, Polina Zhemchuzhina ya zama memba na jam'iyyar Bolshevik kuma ya shiga Rundunar Red Army, inda ta gudanar da farfagandar tashin hankali a tsakanin mayakan. Daga nan sai ta koma Kiev, inda yarinyar Bolshevik ta ci gaba da aikin siyasa. A cikin Kharkov, yarinyar za ta karbi takardun da ke tabbatar da ainihinta, a jawabi ga Polina Semyonovna Zhemchuzhina. Ba da daɗewa ba a cikin cin zarafi na yarinyar za a yi wani mummunar juyawa.

Saduwa gamuwa

A farkon shekarun 20 na karni na karshe, an shirya taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Mata na farko a babban birnin Soviet. An aika da shi Polina Zhemchuzhina a matsayin wakili daga kwamitin Zaporozhye City. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na presidium zauna kansa Vyacheslav Molotov. Har ma ya lura da wani matashi na Bolshevik daga Zaporozhye, duk da cewa akwai 'yan mata masu yawa a cikin masu sauraro-abokan aiki.

A nan gaba , ministan harkokin waje na Tarayyar Soviet haɗu da wani yãro fafutuka, kuma ya tambaye ta ba to komawa zuwa Ukraine. Don haka Polina Pearl ya kasance a Moscow.

Rayuwa a babban birnin

A Moscow, ta sami aiki a matsayin mai koyarwa a kwamitin Rogozhsko-Simonovsky na RCP (B.). A wannan lokacin, ta kasance kusa da Vyacheslav Mikhailovich, kuma daga bisani ya ba ta hannu da zuciya. Polina Semenovna Pearl ya yarda. Tare da mijinsu, sun fara zama a cikin gida tare da iyalin Stalin, sannan suka rabu, amma sun kasance makwabta da "shugaban al'umma." Matar Molotov ta kasance abokiyar abokinsa Yusufu Vissarionovich. Suna da abubuwa da yawa a na kowa: matsayi na zamantakewa, shekaru da aiki na jam'iyyar.

Ayyukan aikin

Polina Zhemchuzhina ta ci gaba da nazarin ilimin tattalin arziki na Cibiyar Plekhanov, kuma bayan da ya karbi takardar shaidar, Bolshevik ya dauki aikin a New Dawn ma'aikatar turare a matsayin sakataren ƙungiyar jam'iyya. A farkon shekarun 30, ta rigaya za ta jagoranci wannan kamfani mai ƙarfi. A cikin shekarun da suka wuce, Polina Zhemchuzhina, wanda tarihinsa ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu ban sha'awa da masu ban sha'awa, za su kula da manyan wuraren aiki a cikin Ƙungiyoyin Soviet.

Musamman ma, ta jagoranci rubutun, da sabulu, da turare, da masana'antun kifi. Ba da daɗewa ba Polina Zhemchuzhina (matar Molotov) ta fara da'awar shiga cikin Kwamitin Kwamitin CPSU (B.), amma abubuwan da suka faru sun faru da ya canza rayuwarta.

Sigina na ƙararrawa don Stalin

A karshen shekarun 1930, Chekists sun yi kokarin tabbatar da cewa matar Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta kasance a cikin takarda tare da 'yar'uwarsa a Palestine. Wannan shi ne farkon haɗiye wanda yayi barazana ga Polina Semyonovna ya zama abin kunya ga ikon.

A cikin hunturu na shekarar 1941, an fitar da Pearl daga jerin sunayen 'yan takara na na'ura. Ta yanke shawarar mayar da hankali akan aikin Kwamitin Ƙungiyar Yahudawa. Kamar yadda aka sani, bayan yakin wannan tsari ya fara zama matsayi a matsayin cibiyar haɗakarwa da na kasa. Duk da haka, bisa ga ra'ayin da yake ciki, Stalin ya ki yarda da shi a cikin hanyar Siriya. Amma ya yi fushi da irin aikin da Pearl ya yi - ta ziyarci majami'a. Har ila yau, bai yarda da hujjar cewa Polina Semyonovna na da gaskiya ba tare da marubucin I. Ferer, ya sanar da cewa ta ba da gaskiya ga aikin da aka yi na kisa Mikhoels ba. Bugu da ƙari, shugaban ya ƙi cewa Pearl ya sadu da jakadan Israel Israel Golda Meir. Josif Vissarionovich ya yanke shawarar tura matarsa Molotov zuwa gudun hijira, ta hanyar zarginta cin hanci da rashawa a matsayin shugaban masana'antar haske.

A sakamakon haka, an yanke masa hukuncin shekaru biyar na gudun hijira kuma aka aika zuwa yankin Kustanai. Harkokin siyasa na mijinta ya girgiza sosai, kuma aka tilasta shi ya sake yin lujju'ar Pearl, ko da yake yana jin daɗinta.

Kafin jimawa daga rayuwar Stalin, An aika Polina Semenovna daga Kazakhstan zuwa Moscow don fara tambayoyi game da sabon batu, abin da ta zama. Ta kasance da shirye-shiryen ciyar da sauran rayuwarta ta hanyar zaman kansu daga cikin al'umma.

Yancin 'yanci mai tsawo

Amma sakamakon ya taimaka wa matar Molotov. Nan da nan bayan mutuwar jagorancin, Lavrenty Beria ta sake ta. Daga irin wannan labari, da Pearl ma rasa sani. Bayan dan lokaci ta riga ta koma mijinta. Vyacheslav Mikhailovich ya gamsu da kansa da farin ciki, ganin cewa Polina Zhemzhina har yanzu yana da rai. Yara a cikin iyali sun kasance a can?

Wannan tambaya kuma yana da sha'awa ga mutane da yawa. Polina Semenovna ta haifi ɗa guda Svetlana, wanda daga bisani ya zaɓi aikin wani mai bincike a Cibiyar Tarihin Tarihi.

Al'amarin ya mutu ranar 1 ga Mayu, 1970. Dalilin mutuwa shine ilimin kimiyya. Sun binne Pauline Semyonovna a kabari na Novodevichy na babban birnin kasar.