Majalisar Krista - shi ne ... Mai Tsarki taron majalisar Krista na Rasha Orthodox Church

The Mai Tsarki taron majalisar Krista - a baya da mafi Hukumar Mulki na kula da harkokin da Orthodox Church. Yana sarrafa daga 1721 zuwa 1918. A kan Local Council na Rasha Orthodox Church 1917 - 1918, an yanke shawarar da patriarchate. A lokacin, wannan jiki taka kawai qananan rawa a cikin harkokin cikin coci.

Church na farkon lokaci

ROC aka kafa a 988. Da farko malamai matsayi tsarin soma a Istanbul. A kan 9 wadannan ƙarni Rasha coci da aka fi mayar dogara a kan Byzantine Empire. A lokacin daga 988 a 1589 aikata mitropolitskoe na'urar. Bugu da ari, daga 1589 zuwa 1720 ya kasance shugaban na Rasha Orthodox Church sarki. Kuma daga 1721 zuwa 1918 da coci aka mulki da majalisar Krista. A halin yanzu, da tafin kafa mulkin Rasha Orthodox Church sarki Kirill ne. Yau majalisar Krista - wannan shi ne kawai wani shawarwari jiki.

Dokokin na Universal Church

Bisa ga general dokoki na duniya majalisar Krista na orthodoxy iya samun shari'a, majalisu, administrative, da kuma kula da dokokin ikon. Hulda da jihar samar da wani wadanda mutane mutumin da ya nada da gwamnatin. Wadannan jikuna an kafa don tasiri aiki na taron majalisar Krista:

1. Synodal Office.
2. Ruhaniya da kuma koyon kwamitin.
3. Management Synodal bugu.
4. The Office of cikin Procurator.
5. Ruhaniya da kuma makaranta allon.
6. Tattalin arziki management.

ROC ne zuwa kashi dioceses, da iyakokin wanda yayi daidai da kan iyakokin yankunan jihar. Resolution na taron majalisar Krista dole ne firistoci, da kuma shawarar da parishioners. Domin su tallafi da aka gudanar wani taro na musamman na majalisar Krista na Rasha Orthodox Church (2 sau a shekara).

Samar da wani Ruhaniya Dokokin

Ruhaniya dokokin da aka halitta da tsari na Bitrus I, Metropolitan Feofanom Prokopovichem. Wannan daftarin aiki ya nuna duk da tsoho coci dokoki. Fuskanci tare da juriya ga sauye-sauye na limaman, da Rasha, Sarkin sarakuna da qaddamar da yarjejeniyoyin da patriarchal ikon da kuma kafa na taron majalisar Krista. Babu shakka shi ne cewa shi ya bãyan wannan, kuma bayan gabatarwar da post na Procurator, da ROC rasa samun 'yancin kai daga jihar.

Official dalilai na Church taron majalisar Krista management

Abubuwan da ake bukata ga wanda da Rasha Orthodox Church ya taba karban shi ne wannan nau'i na management (umurnin Bitrus I), da aka jera a cikin Ruhaniya Regulation, kuma sun kasance kamar haka:

1. Da dama malaman iya tabbatar da gaskiya da yawa sauri da kuma mafi alhẽri daga daya.
2. Solutions babban coci hukumomi za su yi yawa mafi girma nauyi da kuma ikon fiye da da yanke shawara mutum guda.
3. A hali na rashin lafiya ko mutuwa da kawai m na harka ba za a tsaya.
4. Mutane da yawa ba za su iya daukar mafi m yanke shawara fiye da daya.
5. Hukumomi sun fi da wuya zuwa tasiri a kan wani babban yawan firistoci, fiye da da tafin kafa mulkin coci.
6. A daya irin wannan mutumin zai iya kafa ikon girman kai. Common mutane ne a daidai wannan lokaci shi zai zama da wuya a bambanta coci daga monarshestva.
7. The Mai Tsarki taron majalisar Krista iya ko da yaushe hukunta m ayyuka na daya daga cikin members. Don parse da ba daidai ba yanke shawara na sarki ya kamata a kira da Gabashi da limaman. Amma yana da tsada da kuma dogon.
8. Majalisar Krista - shi ne da farko wani irin makaranta a wanda mafi gogaggen mambobi iya koyar da sabon shiga cikin coci management kasuwanci. Saboda haka, kara yi.

Babban siffa daga cikin Rasha taron majalisar Krista

A halayyar alama na sabuwar halitta Rasha taron majalisar Krista shi ne cewa ya yi furuci hierarchically daidaita da Eastern biyun nan. Irin wannan mutane a cikin sauran Orthodox kasashen taka leda ne kawai a qananan rawa a tafin kafa shugabancinsa na mutum. Kawai Greek taron majalisar Krista da wannan iko a cikin nasu kasar coci kamar yadda Rasha. Allah ya House of kasashen biyu sun ko da yaushe yana cikin na'ura mai yawa a cikin na kowa. Eastern ayyana kabila da ake kira "ƙaunataccen ɗan'uwa a cikin Ubangiji," Ruhu Mai taron majalisar Krista na Rasha Orthodox Church, wato, gane da ikon daidaita a kansa.

A tarihi na majalisar Krista

Da farko, da hukumar mulki kunshi:

1. Shugaba (Stefan Jaworski - Lardi na Ryazan).
2. Mataimakin Shugaban cikin adadin mutane biyu;
3. Mashawarci kuma assessors (4 mutane).

Majalisar Krista yan aka zabe daga archimandrites, bishops, abbots da kuma birane archpriests. Church dokoki da aka soma da cewa kare 'yancin ra'ayi a cikin jerawa. Saboda haka a cikin taron majalisar Krista ba da su shiga duka biyu abbots da Archpriests tare tsaye a kan su bishops. Bayan rasuwar Stefana Yavorskogo matsayi na shugaban da aka soke. Daga wannan lokacin a kan, duk mambobi ne na majalisar Krista da aka farke a cikin hakkokin. Tare da abun da ke ciki na jiki canza daga lokaci zuwa lokaci a kan lokaci. Saboda haka, a 1763 shi kunshi 6 persons (3 bishops, da kuma 1 2 Archimandrite Fr). A 1819 - 7 mutane.

Kusan nan da nan bayan da yanke shawara a kan kafa na taron majalisar Krista da aka bi ta zubar da cikin monarch wakilinsa a cikin wannan jiki kula wadanda mutane mutumin. Ya kuma an zabe da wakilin jihar nagari sanda. Yana da ake kira ba shi da matsayi na "sarki procurator na taron majalisar Krista." Bisa ga umarnin amince da monarch mutumin ya "ido da Sarkin sarakuna da lauya ga Jama'a." A 1726 da taron majalisar Krista da aka kasu kashi biyu - na ruhaniya da kuma na boko kudin.

A takaice dai tarihi na Synodal management daga 1721 zuwa 1918.

A farkon shekaru na da babban tasiri a kan yanke shawara na majalisar Krista da aka Bishop Theophane. Babu coci littafin ba za a iya buga ba tare da yardarsa ba. Wannan mutumin ya aboki na Bismarck da Osterman kuma duk bishops, ko ta wani hanya, sun ta da buri. Irin ikon Theophane kai bayan fall na Great jam'iyyar na taron majalisar Krista. A wannan lokacin, da Soviet gwamnati da aka faruwa ta hanyar wuya sau. The adawa tsakanin cũtar Ioannovnoy da kuma 'yar Bitrus da Great sa fitinar da magoya bayan karshe. Da zarar duk mambobi ne na majalisar Krista Feofan fãce denunciation aka kawai sallame, da kuma a wuri na kansu nada wasu, fiye da masu biyayya ga shi. Hakika, bayan da cewa shi ya kai wani mataki mai iko. Theophanes mutu a 1736

A karshen, Elizabeth tukuna koma kursiyin. Bayan haka, duk da links a lokacin da kõre firistoci Theophanes aka mayar da su. A lokacin da ta sarautar kasance daya daga cikin mafi kyau ga Rasha Orthodox taron majalisar Krista. Duk da haka, da patriarchate Empress har yanzu bai dawo dasu. Haka kuma, an nada musamman m sarki m J. Shahovsky, ada ya zama mai wazo shigeba, na Jihar harkokin.

A zamanin mulkin Peter III Mai Tsarki taron majalisar Krista na da Rasha Orthodox Church da aka tilasta su jimre da Jamusanci tasiri, wanda, duk da haka, ya ƙare da hawan Yesu zuwa sama zuwa kursiyin Catherine II. Babu takamaiman sababbin abubuwa, wannan Sarauniyar da taron majalisar Krista ba a gabatar. Abinda cewa ta yi - a rufe kwaleji tanadi. Saboda haka, taron majalisar Krista ya zama sake united.

Karkashin Alexander I manyan m zama Prince AN Golitsyn, kamar yadda wani saurayi ada ya zama ya zama majiɓinci daga dukan sufi ƙungiya-ƙungiya. Kamar yadda wani m mutum, sai ya ma dauke da amfani ga taron majalisar Krista, musamman a farko. Shahararren coci adadi na Nicholas na zama Filaret, gina ta da sarki zuwa ga daraja da Metropolitan a 1826. Tun 1842 firist, ya ɗauki wani aiki sashi a cikin aikin na taron majalisar Krista.

"Dark Ages" na majalisar Krista na farkon na XX karni

Babban dalilin dawo zuwa patriarchate a 1917 - 18 years. Yana da aka tsoma baki a cikin coci harkokin gudanarwa Rasputin da ƙarin tsanani na siyasa halin da ake ciki a kusa da jiki. Majalisar Krista - ne inviolability na hierarchs. Abubuwan da suka faru hade da mutuwar wani memba na primacy na jiki na Anthony ganawa a wurin Lardi Vladimir, kuma daga baya Pitirim kai ga inflame unacceptable a saman coci manajoji sha'awa da kuma haifar da wani nauyi yanayi na mistrust. Metropolitan Pitirim mafi limaman ya wadãtu "Rasputinists".

Idan muka yi la'akari da cewa nan da karshen 1916, kuma da yawa wasu mambobi ne na majalisar Krista sun mabiya sarki henchman (misali, babban mai gabatar da kara Raev, manajan ofishin Guriev da mataimakansa Mudrolyubov), da coci fara duba kusan babbar jam'iyyar adawa ta sarautarsa. Membobi na management jiki wanda ba su kasance a wani zaži rukuni na "Rasputinists" ji tsoro sake don bayyana ra'ayi, da sanin cewa za a nan da nan canjawa wuri zuwa Tsarskoye Selo. Aiki harkokin yana da, a gaskiya, ba da taron majalisar Krista na Orthodox Church, kuma da kaina Rasputin.

Koma ga patriarchal mulki

Bayan juyin juya halin a Fabrairu 1917, da wucin gwamnatin, domin gyara wannan halin da ake ciki, bayar da umarni a kan sallama daga dukkan yan wannan jiki da kuma babban taron duniya na sabon bazara zaman. Biyar Agusta 1917 soke post na shugaba m da kuma ma'aikatar kafa addinai. Dokokin wannan jiki, a madadin majalisar Krista da aka buga har zuwa Janairu 18, 1918 Tun Fabrairu 14, 1918, na karshe Resolution na Majalisar aka buga. A cewar wannan takarda, da dalĩli Mai Tsarki taron majalisar Krista shige sarki. Kansa wannan jiki ya zama wani na gama.

Features na tsarin da kuma iko na zamani taron majalisar Krista

Yau, da Ruhu Mai taron majalisar Krista na Rasha Orthodox Church ne wani shawarwari jiki ga sarki. Yana hada dindindin da kuma wucin gadi members. A karshe kira ga tarurruka na su dioceses kuma kamar yadda sallami ba tare da assigning taron majalisar Krista mambobin. Yau, da wannan jiki na da hakkin ya gyara dokokin Ruhaniya Hakoki da ma'anar baya aiko su domin amincewa da sarki.

Shugaban kuma m mambobi

Yau jagoranci ROC taron majalisar Krista (aiki a matsayin shugaban), sarki Kirill Gundyaev. Dindindin mambobi ne Metropolitans:

1. Kiev da All Ukraine Vladimir.
2. Ladoga da St. Petersburg, Vladimir.
3. Kuma Slutsk Minskiy Filaret.
4. All Moldova Vladimir kuma Chisinau.
5. Kolomna da Krutitsy Juvenal.
6. Kazakhstan da Astanayskiy Aleksandr.
7. Central Asia Vincent.
8. Manajan darektan na Patriarchate na Moscow da kuma Mordovia Saransk Lardi Varsonofy.
9. Shugaban sashen for External Relations na Patriarchate na Moscow, Metropolitan Volokolamskiy Illarion.

location

Nan da nan bayan kafa na taron majalisar Krista da aka a St. Petersburg a City Island. Bayan wani lokaci taron ya fara da za a gudanar a cikin gini daga cikin sha biyun kwalejojin. A 1835, taron majalisar Krista mayar da su cikin majalisar dattijai Square. Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci gamuwa canjawa wuri zuwa Moscow. Alal misali, a lokacin sa kambi na wadanada. A watan Agusta 1917, taron majalisar Krista karshe ya koma Moscow. Kafin wannan akwai da kawai Synodal ofishin.

A 1922, da sarki da aka kama. A farkon taron na majalisar Krista da aka gudanar kawai shekaru biyar daga baya, a shekara ta 1927. Sa'an nan halatta da ROC cimma Lardi Sergius na Nizhny Novgorod. Ya shirya tare da su ta wucin gadi patriarchal taron majalisar Krista. Duk da haka, a cikin bazara na shekarar 1935 da Gabar aka sake wargaza a kan himma daga cikin hukumomi.

dindindin taron majalisar Krista

A 1943, a Majalisar Bishops na dindindin taron majalisar Krista an zabe, da zaman na wanda ya fara da za a gudanar a cikin sarari bayar da Stalin ta gidan №5 a bayyanannu rariya. Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci su aka canjawa wuri zuwa da sarki ta ɗakuna a Triniti-Sergius Lavra. Tun shekarar 2009, taron da aka gudanar a wurare daban-daban a kan zabar shugaban Church. A shekarar 2011, a watan Disamba, shi da aka bude da kuma tsarkake taron majalisar Krista mazaunin sarki a gyara St. Daniel sufi. A nan ne da ya wuce kwanan nan a lokacin taron, wanda ya bude ranar 2, 2013.

A karshe taron

A karshe taron (da aka gudanar a watan Oktoba 2013), da yawa da hankali da aka biya don bikin na 1025th tunawa da Baftisma na Rasha. Muhimmanci isa ga coci ne taron majalisar Krista ƙuduri a kan bukatar ci gaba da al'adar catering ga kowane ranar tunawa, a cikin hadin gwiwa tare da hukumar da ke mulki. iko. Har ila yau, a taron da aka tattauna batutuwan da suka shafi kafa sabuwar dioceses a yankuna daban-daban na kasar da kuma aiki na malaman a cikin sabon matsayi. Bugu da kari, firistocin suka ɗauki cikin Dokokin a kan shirye-shirye da suka shafi matasa horo, kazalika da mishan da kuma zamantakewa.

Modern Rasha Orthodox Church taron majalisar Krista, ko da yake ba a hukumar mulki, har yanzu taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin rayuwar ikkilisiya. Its hukunce hukuncen da kuma yanke shawara suna dauri a kan duk dioceses. A post na Procurator domin lokacin ba ya wanzu. Kamar yadda kowa ya sani, da coci daga jihar, za mu rabu. Kuma da tasiri sosai a kan manufofin na biyu na ciki da kuma na waje, duk da patriarchal mulki da kuma na zamani 'yancin kai, shi ya aikata ba. Wannan shi ne, jama'a dalĩli ba.